Electric field directed formation of aligned conjugated polymer fibers

Xi, Yuyin; Pozzo, Lilo D.

doi:10.1039/C7SM00485K

Title: Electric field directed formation of aligned conjugated polymer fibers

Journal Article · Wed May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Soft Matter

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C7SM00485K· OSTI ID:1467635

^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Alternating current (AC) electric fields effectively align poly (3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) fibers during a one-dimensional crystallization process. Structural, mechanical and electrical properties have been probed using microscopy, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), rheology, UV-vis spectroscopy, and dielectric spectroscopy. Optimum frequency and amplitudes were identified for specific P3AT concentrations and for variable solvent quality. Optical microscopy along with SANS and XRD demonstrate alignment persists over both micrometer and nanometer length scales. Small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology also showed that the shear modulus increased for aligned fibers. The structural changes were correlated to improvements in electric conductivity as probed by dielectric spectroscopy. XRD experiments performed with variable sample orientations also showed that the P3HT stacking direction was aligned parallel to the direction of the fiber axis. Electric field alignment was also possible for other alkyl-thiophene polymers and for polymers with simple backbone repeat units.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0010282

OSTI ID:: 1467635

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1467613

Journal Information:: Soft Matter, Vol. 13, Issue 21; ISSN 1744-683X

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 27 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (60)

Rotational diffusion and alignment of short gold nanorods in an external electric field Zijlstra, Peter; van Stee, Marijn; Verhart, Nico Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cp24092k	journal	January 2012
Creating New Supramolecular Materials by Architecture of Three-Dimensional Nanocrystal Fiber Networks Liu, Xiang Yang; Sawant, Prashant D.; Tan, Wee Beng Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 124, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0206137	journal	December 2002
Simple strategy to tune the charge transport properties of conjugated polymer/carbon nanotube composites using an electric field assisted deposition technique: Tuning charge transport of polymer/CNT composites Marzouk, Jaouad; Lucas, Bruno; Trigaud, Thierry Polymer International, Vol. 63, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.4686	journal	February 2014
Crystallization of Poly(L-/D-Lactide) in the Presence of Electric Fields Yuryev, Yury; Wood-Adams, Paula M. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 213, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201100448	journal	February 2012
Electric Field Alignment of Nanofibrillated Cellulose (NFC) in Silicone Oil: Impact on Electrical Properties Kadimi, Amal; Benhamou, Karima; Ounaies, Zoubeida ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/am501808h	journal	June 2014
Single-junction polymer solar cells with high efficiency and photovoltage He, Zhicai; Xiao, Biao; Liu, Feng Nature Photonics, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.6	journal	February 2015
Electrospinning: A fascinating fiber fabrication technique Bhardwaj, Nandana; Kundu, Subhas C. Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 28, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.01.004	journal	May 2010
Polarizing Organic Photovoltaics Zhu, Rui; Kumar, Ankit; Yang, Yang Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201101514	journal	August 2011
Strong Orientational Coupling of Block Copolymer Microdomains to Smectic Layering Revealed by Magnetic Field Alignment Gopinadhan, Manesh; Choo, Youngwoo; Osuji, Chinedum O. ACS Macro Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00924	journal	February 2016
Anisotropic particles align perpendicular to the flow direction in narrow microchannels Trebbin, M.; Steinhauser, D.; Perlich, J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219340110	journal	April 2013
Electric Field Tuning Molecular Packing and Electrical Properties of Solution-Shearing Coated Organic Semiconducting Thin Films Molina-Lopez, Francisco; Yan, Hongping; Gu, Xiaodan Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201605503	journal	January 2017
Roll-to-Roll Slot-Die Coated Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) Modules with High Geometrical Fill Factors Galagan, Yulia; Fledderus, Henri; Gorter, Harrie Energy Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201500150	journal	August 2015
Nano-Confinement Induced Chain Alignment in Ordered P3HT Nanostructures Defined by Nanoimprint Lithography Aryal, Mukti; Trivedi, Krutarth; Hu, Wenchuang (Walter) ACS Nano, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900831m	journal	September 2009
Recent progress on thin-film encapsulation technologies for organic electronic devices Yu, Duan; Yang, Yong-Qiang; Chen, Zheng Optics Communications, Vol. 362 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2015.08.021	journal	March 2016
MBE growth of ultra-low disorder 2DEG with mobility exceeding 35×106cm2/Vs Umansky, V.; Heiblum, M.; Levinson, Y. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 311, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.09.151	journal	March 2009
Polarized organic electroluminescence: Ordering from the top Godbert, Nicolas; Burn, Paul L.; Gilmour, Sandra Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1632025	journal	December 2003
Highly polarized blue electroluminescence from homogeneously aligned films of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Whitehead, K. S.; Grell, M.; Bradley, D. D. C. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 76, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.126525	journal	May 2000
Electric-field-induced molecular alignment of side-chain liquid-crystalline polyacetylenes containing biphenyl mesogens Geng, Jianxin; Zhou, Enle; Li, Gao Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.20021	journal	January 2004
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Induced by Electric Fields Yan, J. Y.; Patey, G. N. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz201113m	journal	September 2011
Uniaxial Alignment of Liquid-Crystalline Conjugated Polymers by Nanoconfinement Zheng, Zijian; Yim, Keng-Hoong; Saifullah, Mohammad S. M. Nano Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl070022k	journal	April 2007
Effects of supersaturation on the structure and properties of poly(9,9-dioctyl fluorene) organogels Iglesia, Pablo de la; Pozzo, Danilo C. Soft Matter, Vol. 9, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3sm51753e	journal	January 2013
Polymers for flexible displays: From material selection to device applications Choi, Myeon-Cheon; Kim, Youngkyoo; Ha, Chang-Sik Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 33, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.11.004	journal	June 2008
Enhanced Hole Mobility in Regioregular Polythiophene Infiltrated in Straight Nanopores Coakley, K. M.; Srinivasan, B. S.; Ziebarth, J. M. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200500364	journal	December 2005
Enhanced Vertical Concentration Gradient in Rubbed P3HT:PCBM Graded Bilayer Solar Cells Vohra, Varun; Arrighetti, Gianmichele; Barba, Luisa The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz300710a	journal	June 2012
Electric-field-aligned growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on surfaces Ural, Ant; Li, Yiming; Dai, Hongjie Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1518773	journal	October 2002
Dynamics of carbon nanotube alignment by electric fields Oliva-Avilés, A. I.; Avilés, F.; Sosa, V. Nanotechnology, Vol. 23, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/46/465710	journal	October 2012
An optical dielectrophoresis spectrometer for low-frequency measurements on colloidal suspensions Burt, J. P. H.; Al-Ameen, T. A. K.; Pethig, R. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, Vol. 22, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/22/11/011	journal	November 1989
NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis Schneider, Caroline A.; Rasband, Wayne S.; Eliceiri, Kevin W. Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089	journal	June 2012
Self-consistent field study of the alignment by an electric field of a cylindrical phase of block copolymer Lin, Chin-Yet; Schick, M. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2214718	journal	July 2006
ac field enhanced protein crystallization Hou, Diana; Chang, Hsueh-Chia Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2938887	journal	June 2008
Solvatochromism and Conformational Changes in Fully Dissolved Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s Newbloom, Gregory M.; Hoffmann, Stephanie M.; West, Aaron F. Langmuir, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/la503666x	journal	December 2014
Solution coating of large-area organic semiconductor thin films with aligned single-crystalline domains Diao, Ying; Tee, Benjamin C-K.; Giri, Gaurav Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3650	journal	June 2013
DC electric field assisted alignment of carbon nanotubes on metal electrodes Senthil Kumar, M.; Lee, S. H.; Kim, T. Y. Solid-State Electronics, Vol. 47, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00258-2	journal	November 2003
General Strategy for Self-Assembly of Highly Oriented Nanocrystalline Semiconducting Polymers with High Mobility Luo, Chan; Kyaw, Aung Ko Ko; Perez, Louis A. Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl500758w	journal	April 2014
High-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells: status and perspectives Battaglia, Corsin; Cuevas, Andres; De Wolf, Stefaan Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE03380B	journal	January 2016
Anisotropic Charge Transport in Spherulitic Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films Crossland, Edward J. W.; Tremel, Kim; Fischer, Florian Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104284	journal	January 2012
Single Molecule Spectroscopy of Conjugated Polymer Chains in an Electric Field-Aligned Liquid Crystal Chang, Wei-Shun; Link, Stephan; Yethiraj, Arun The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 112, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp076345m	journal	January 2008
Electric Field Alignment of a Block Copolymer Nanopattern: Direct Observation of the Microscopic Mechanism Olszowka, Violetta; Hund, Markus; Kuntermann, Volker ACS Nano, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900081u	journal	April 2009
Electrical, Mechanical, and Structural Characterization of Self-Assembly in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Organogel Networks Newbloom, Gregory M.; Weigandt, Katie M.; Pozzo, Danilo C. Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 8, p. 3452-3462 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma202564k	journal	April 2012
Effect of electrospinning parameters on the nanofiber diameter and length Beachley, Vince; Wen, Xuejun Materials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.037	journal	April 2009
Mechanism of the Formation of Self-Organized Microstructures in Soft Functional Materials Liu, X. Y.; Sawant, P. D. Advanced Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(20020318)14:6<421::AID-ADMA421>3.0.CO;2-7	journal	March 2002
Electric-field-enhanced crystallization of amorphous silicon Jang, Jin; Oh, Jae Young; Kim, Sung Ki Nature, Vol. 395, Issue 6701 https://doi.org/10.1038/26711	journal	October 1998
Polarized light emission from LEDs prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique Cimrová, Vera; Remmers, Marcus; Neher, Dieter Advanced Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19960080209	journal	February 1996
On-chip micromanipulation and assembly of colloidal particles by electric fields Velev, Orlin D.; Bhatt, Ketan H. Soft Matter, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/b605052b	journal	January 2006
Switchable optical polarizer based on electrochromism in stretch-aligned polyaniline Andersson, Peter; Berggren, Magnus; Kugler, Thomas Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1602556	journal	August 2003
Roll-to-roll fabrication of polymer solar cells Søndergaard, Roar; Hösel, Markus; Angmo, Dechan Materials Today, Vol. 15, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(12)70019-6	journal	January 2012
Electric Field Alignment of Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films Xu, Ting; Zhu, Yuqing; Gido, Samuel. P. Macromolecules, Vol. 37, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma035805g	journal	April 2004
Review Article—Dielectrophoresis: Status of the theory, technology, and applications Pethig, Ronald Biomicrofluidics, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3456626	journal	June 2010
Quantitative Analysis of Gold Nanorod Alignment after Electric Field-Assisted Deposition Ahmed, Waqqar; Kooij, E. Stefan; van Silfhout, Arend Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl901968e	journal	November 2009
Field effect transistors based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) at different length scales Mas-Torrent, M.; Boer, D. den; Durkut, M. Nanotechnology, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/15/4/028	journal	March 2004
‘‘Plastic’’ infrared polarizers from uniaxially oriented polyaniline blends Cao, Y.; Colaneri, N.; Heeger, A. J. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 65, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.112843	journal	October 1994
Reduction and analysis of SANS and USANS data using IGOR Pro Kline, Steven R. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 39, Issue 6, p. 895-900 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889806035059	journal	November 2006
Directed crystallization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in micrometre channels under confinement and in electric fields Fischer, Florian S. U.; Tremel, Kim; Sommer, Michael Nanoscale, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nr12037b	journal	January 2012
Mesoscale Morphology and Charge Transport in Colloidal Networks of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Newbloom, Gregory M.; Kim, Felix S.; Jenekhe, Samson A. Macromolecules, Vol. 44, Issue 10, p. 3801-3809 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma2000515	journal	May 2011
Flexible Electronics: Integration Processes for Organic and Inorganic Semiconductor-Based Thin-Film Transistors Vidor, Fábio; Meyers, Thorsten; Hilleringmann, Ulrich Electronics, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics4030480	journal	July 2015
Fabrication of Oriented and Periodic Hybrid Nanostructures of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and CdSe Nanocrystals by Directional Epitaxial Solidification Brinkmann, M.; Aldakov, D.; Chandezon, F. Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200700311	journal	November 2007
One-Step Macroscopic Alignment of Conjugated Polymer Systems by Epitaxial Crystallization during Spin-Coating Müller, Christian; Aghamohammadi, Mahdieh; Himmelberger, Scott Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201202983	journal	January 2013
High-Throughput Fabrication of Organic Nanowire Devices with Preferential Internal Alignment and Improved Performance Hu, Zhijun; Muls, Benoît; Gence, Loïk Nano Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl071869j	journal	December 2007
Dynamic manipulation and separation of individual semiconducting and metallic nanowires Jamshidi, Arash; Pauzauskie, Peter J.; Schuck, P. James Nature Photonics, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.277	journal	January 2008
Electric-field assisted assembly and alignment of metallic nanowires Smith, Peter A.; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Jackson, Thomas N. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 9, p. 1399-1401 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1290272	journal	August 2000

Cited By (4)

Thermal Transport in Conductive Polymer–Based Materials Xu, Xiangfan; Zhou, Jun; Chen, Jie Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904704	journal	August 2019
Enhancing Molecular Alignment and Charge Transport of Solution-Sheared Semiconducting Polymer Films by the Electrical-Blade Effect Molina-Lopez, Francisco; Wu, Hung-Chin; Wang, Ging-Ji Nathan Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201800110	journal	May 2018
A small-angle scattering environment for in situ ultrasound studies Li, David S.; Lee, Yi-Ting; Xi, Yuyin Soft Matter, Vol. 14, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01000e	journal	January 2018
Self-assembly of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers induced by miscible ‘poor’ solvents Xi, Yuyin; Wolf, Caitlyn M.; Pozzo, Lilo D. Soft Matter, Vol. 15, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02517g	journal	January 2019

Similar Records

Sonocrystallization of conjugated polymers with ultrasound fields

Journal Article · Wed May 23 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Soft Matter · OSTI ID:1467635

Xi, Yuyin; Li, David S.; Newbloom, Greg M.; +4 more

Side chain length affects backbone dynamics in poly(3-alkylthiophene)s

Journal Article · Mon Aug 27 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Polymer Science. Part B, Polymer Physics · OSTI ID:1467635

Zhan, Pengfei; Zhang, Wenlin; Jacobs, Ian E.; +8 more

Polaron absorption in aligned conjugated polymer films: breakdown of adiabatic treatments and going beyond the conventional mid-gap state model

Journal Article · Mon Nov 13 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Materials Horizons · OSTI ID:1467635

LeCroy, Garrett; Ghosh, Raja; Untilova, Viktoriia; +6 more

Related Subjects

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

Title: Electric field directed formation of aligned conjugated polymer fibers

Citation Formats

References (60)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects