Characteristic Vertical Profiles of Cloud Water Composition in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds and Relationships With Precipitation

MacDonald, Alexander B.; Dadashazar, Hossein; Chuang, Patrick Y.; Crosbie, Ewan; Wang, Hailong; Wang, Zhen; Jonsson, Haflidi H.; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.; Sorooshian, Armin

doi:10.1002/2017JD027900

Title: Characteristic Vertical Profiles of Cloud Water Composition in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds and Relationships With Precipitation

Journal Article · Wed Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027900· OSTI ID:1439004

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Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA (United States); NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Atmospheric Science and Global Change Div. (ASGC)
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA (United States)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

This study uses airborne cloud water composition measurements to characterize the vertical structure of air-equivalent mass concentrations of water-soluble species in marine stratocumulus clouds off the California coast. In this work, a total of 385 cloud water samples were collected in the months of July and August between 2011 and 2016 and analyzed for water-soluble ionic and elemental composition. Three characteristic profiles emerge: (i) a reduction of concentration with in-cloud altitude for particulate species directly emitted from sources below cloud without in-cloud sources (e.g., Cl^-, Na⁺); (ii) an increase of concentration with in-cloud altitude (e.g., NO₂^-, formate); and (iii) species exhibiting a peak in concentration in the middle of cloud (e.g., non-sea salt SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, organic acids). Vertical profiles of rainout parameters such as loss frequency, lifetime, and change in concentration with respect to time show that the scavenging efficiency throughout the cloud depth depends strongly on the thickness of the cloud. Thin clouds exhibit a greater scavenging loss frequency at cloud top, while thick clouds have a greater scavenging loss frequency at cloud base. The implications of these results for treatment of wet scavenging in models are discussed.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; N00014-10-1-0811; N00014-11-1-0783; N00014-10-1-0200; N00014-04-1-0118; N00014-16-1-2567

OSTI ID:: 1439004

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-133226; KP1703020

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 7; ISSN 2169-897X

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 23 works

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A satellite perspective on cloud water to rain water conversion rates and relationships with environmental conditions: WARM CLOUD COLLISION-COALESCENCE Sorooshian, Armin; Wang, Zhen; Feingold, Graham Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50523	journal	June 2013
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Carboxylic acids and carbonyl compounds in southern California clouds and fogs Munger, J. William; Collett, JEff; Daube, Bruce C. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Vol. 41, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v41i3.15074	journal	May 1989
Chemical composition of cloud water in the puerto rican tropical trade wind cumuli Gioda, A.; Mayol-Bracero, O. L.; Morales-García, F. Dordrecht : Springer https://doi.org/10.34657/4174	null	January 2009
Sensitivity of remote aerosol distributions to representation of cloud-aerosol interactions in a global climate model Wang, H.; Easter, R. C.; Rasch, P. J. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-331-2013	journal	January 2013

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Effects of Aerosols on the Precipitation of Convective Clouds: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta of China Liu, Chong; Wang, Ti‐Jian; Chen, Pu‐Long Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029924	journal	July 2019
An annual time series of weekly size-resolved aerosol properties in the megacity of Metro Manila, Philippines Stahl, Connor; Cruz, Melliza Templonuevo; Bañaga, Paola Angela Scientific Data, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0466-y	journal	April 2020
Evidence of Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts on Rainwater Trace Metal Geochemistry in Central Mexico: A Statistical Approach Rivera-Rivera, D. M.; Escobedo-Urías, D. C.; Jonathan, M. P. Water, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010192	journal	January 2020
Development and characterization of a high-efficiency, aircraft-based axial cyclone cloud water collector Crosbie, Ewan; Brown, Matthew D.; Shook, Michael Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5025-2018	journal	January 2018

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