skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: The ALICE Transition Radiation Detector: Construction, operation, and performance

Journal Article · · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/ in p–Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Contributing Organization:
Alice Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1436174
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1480609
Journal Information:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 881, Issue C; ISSN 0168-9002
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 22 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (58)

Performance of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC journal September 2014
Is there still any T c mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical masses in the continuum limit III journal September 2010
Equation of state in ( 2 + 1 )-flavor QCD journal November 2014
The quest for the quark–gluon plasma journal July 2007
Transition radiation detectors journal March 1993
Transition radiation from relativistic electrons in periodic radiators journal December 1974
Transition radiators for electron identification at the CERN ISR journal February 1977
Transition radiation detectors for electron identification beyond 1 GeV/c
  • Appuhn, R. D.; Heinloth, K.; Lange, E.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 263, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(88)90965-5
journal January 1988
Status of the transition radiation detector for the Dø experiment
  • Detœuf, J. F.; Ducros, Y.; Feinstein, F.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 279, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)91099-1
journal July 1989
e± identification using the drift chambers and transition radiators of the H1 forward track detector
  • Beck, G. A.; Cormack, C.; Dainton, J. B.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 367, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)00744-X
journal December 1995
Transition radiation detector in the D0 colliding beam experiment at Fermilab journal December 1995
The HERMES Spectrometer
  • Ackerstaff, K.; Airapetian, A.; Akopov, N.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 417, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00769-4
journal November 1998
Performance of the AMS-02 transition radiation detector
  • Doetinchem, Ph. v.; Fopp, S.; Karpinski, W.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 558, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.12.187
journal March 2006
The TRACER instrument: A balloon-borne cosmic-ray detector
  • Ave, M.; Boyle, P. J.; Brannon, E.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 654, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.05.050
journal October 2011
Particle identification by electron cluster detection of transition radiation photons journal April 1981
A test of transition radiation detectors for a colliding beam experiment
  • Watase, Yoshiyuki; Suzuki, Yoichiro; Kurihara, Yoshimasa
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 248, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(86)91022-3
journal August 1986
Separation of electrons and pions by a transition radiation detector using flash ADCs journal January 1988
Electron identification in the PHENIX experiment using a tracking TRD journal January 1994
Transition radiation detectors
  • Andronic, A.; Wessels, J. P.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 666 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.09.041
journal February 2012
Review of Particle Physics journal August 2014
The ALICE TPC, a large 3-dimensional tracking device with fast readout for ultra-high multiplicity events
  • Alme, J.; Andres, Y.; Appelshäuser, H.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 622, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.042
journal October 2010
Performance of the ALICE VZERO system journal October 2013
Determination of the event collision time with the ALICE detector at the LHC journal February 2017
Centrality determination of Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV with ALICE journal October 2013
Position reconstruction in drift chambers operated with Xe, (15%)
  • Adler, C.; Andronic, A.; Appelshäuser, H.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 540, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.016
journal March 2005
Electron identification performance with ALICE TRD prototypes journal April 2004
Energy loss of pions and electrons of 1– in drift chambers operated with Xe,CO2(15%)
  • Andronic, A.; Appelshäuser, H.; Blume, C.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 519, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.036
journal March 2004
Transition radiation spectra of electrons from 1 to 10GeV/c in regular and irregular radiators
  • Andronic, A.; Appelshäuser, H.; Bailhache, R.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 558, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.12.188
journal March 2006
The CERES/NA45 radial drift Time Projection Chamber
  • Adamová, D.; Agakichiev, G.; Antończyk, D.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 593, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.04.056
journal August 2008
The PreAmplifier ShAper for the ALICE TPC detector
  • Soltveit, H. K.; Stachel, J.; Braun-Munzinger, P.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 676 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.012
journal June 2012
Design and performance of the ALICE TRD front-end electronics journal July 2006
DIM, a portable, light weight package for information publishing, data transfer and inter-process communication journal October 2001
Drift velocity and gain in argon- and xenon-based mixtures
  • Andronic, A.; Biagi, S.; Braun-Munzinger, P.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 523, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.426
journal May 2004
FLUKA: A Multi-Particle Transport Code report December 2005
Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$ and 2.36 TeV with ALICE at LHC journal June 2010
Pseudorapidity Density of Charged Particles in p + Pb Collisions at s N N = 5.02 TeV journal January 2013
Charged-Particle Multiplicity Density at Midrapidity in Central Pb-Pb Collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV journal December 2010
Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton–proton collisions at s = 13  TeV journal February 2016
Charged-particle multiplicities in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 0.9$$ s = 0.9 to 8 TeV journal January 2017
Multiplicity and transverse momentum evolution of charge-dependent correlations in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC journal February 2016
The ALICE Data Quality Monitoring: qualitative and quantitative review of three years of operations journal June 2014
Track fitting with multiple scattering: A new method journal August 1984
Online processing in the ALICE DAQ The detector algorithms journal April 2010
ALEPH: A detector for electron-positron annihilations at LEP
  • Decamp, D.; Deschizeaux, B.; Lees, J. -P.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 294, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)91831-U
journal September 1990
Performance of the HPC calorimeter in DELPHI journal January 1995
New test beam results with prototypes of the ALICE TRD
  • Bailhache, R.; Lippmann, C.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 563, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.02.157
journal July 2006
Energy loss signals in the ALICETRD journal April 2013
Electron/pion identification with ALICE TRD prototypes using a neural network algorithm
  • Adler, C.; Andronic, A.; Angelov, V.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 552, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.07.006
journal November 2005
Measurement of electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavor hadron decays in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV journal December 2012
Particle identification in ALICE: a Bayesian approach journal May 2016
FastJet user manual: (for version 3.0.2) journal March 2012
The calculation of X-ray transition radiation generated in regular- and irregular-layered media journal March 1975
The ALICE online-offline framework for the extraction of conditions data journal April 2010
A flexible and reliable embedded system for detector control in a high energy physics experiment conference January 2008
Common tools for large experiment controls-a common approach for deployment, maintenance, and support journal June 2006
Construction and Performance of the ALICE Transition Radiation Detector text January 2010
The ALICE TPC, a large 3-dimensional tracking device with fast readout for ultra-high multiplicity events text January 2010
A New Method for the High-Precision Alignment of Track Detectors preprint January 2002

Cited By (2)