Restructuring of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm architecture in response to antibiotic-induced stress

Dale, Jennifer L.; Nilson, Jennifer L.; Barnes, Aaron M.  T.; Dunny, Gary M.

doi:10.1038/s41522-017-0023-4

Title: Restructuring of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm architecture in response to antibiotic-induced stress

Journal Article · Fri Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-017-0023-4· OSTI ID:1425576

Dale, Jennifer L. ^[1]; Nilson, Jennifer L. ^[1];

^[2]; Dunny, Gary M. ^[1]

Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology. Dept. of Lab Medicine and Pathology

Bacterial biofilms are intrinsically resistant to antimicrobial treatment, which contributes to microbial persistence in clinical infections. Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and is the most prevalent enterococcal species identified in healthcare-associated infections. Since intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics is common for enterococci, and antibiotic resistance is elevated in biofilm populations, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms involved. Previously, we identified two glycosyltransferase genes whose disruption resulted in impaired nascent biofilm formation in the presence of antibiotic concentrations subinhibitory for parent growth and biofilm formation. The glycosyltransferases are involved in synthesis of the cell-wall-associated rhamnopolysaccharide Epa. Here we examined the effect of epa mutations on the temporal development of E. faecalis biofilms, and on the effects of antibiotics on pre-formed biofilms using scanning electron microscopy. We show that ΔepaOX mutant cells arrange into complex multidimensional biofilms independent of antibiotic exposure, while parent cells form biofilms that are monolayers in the absence of antibiotics. Remarkably, upon exposure to antibiotics parent biofilm cells restructure into complex three-dimensional biofilms resembling those of the ΔepaOX mutant without antibiotics. All biofilms exhibiting complex cellular architectures were less structurally stable than monolayer biofilms, with the biofilm cells exhibiting increased detachment. Our results indicate that E. faecalis biofilms restructure in response to cellular stress whether induced by antibiotics in the case of parent cells, or by deficiencies in Epa composition for the ΔepaOX strain. The data demonstrate a link between cellular architecture and antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis biofilms.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Inst. of Health (NIH) (United States); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-93ER20097; AI58134; AI122742; T90 DE0227232; DMR-1229263

OSTI ID:: 1425576

Journal Information:: npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Vol. 3; ISSN 2055-5008

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 44 works

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Title: Restructuring of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm architecture in response to antibiotic-induced stress

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