Toward Exploring the Synergy Between Cloud Radar Polarimetry and Doppler Spectral Analysis in Deep Cold Precipitating Systems in the Arctic

Oue, Mariko; Kollias, Pavlos; Ryzhkov, Alexander; Luke, Edward P.

doi:10.1002/2017JD027717

Title: Toward Exploring the Synergy Between Cloud Radar Polarimetry and Doppler Spectral Analysis in Deep Cold Precipitating Systems in the Arctic

Journal Article · Fri Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027717· OSTI ID:1424987

^[1];

^[2]; Ryzhkov, Alexander ^[3]; Luke, Edward P. ^[4]

Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Dept.
Cooperative Inst. for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies/National Severe Storms Lab., Moss Landing, CA (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Dept.

The study of Arctic ice and mixed-phase clouds, which are characterized by a variety of ice particle types in the same cloudy volume, is challenging research. This study illustrates a new approach to qualitative and quantitative analysis of the complexity of ice and mixed-phase microphysical processes in Arctic deep precipitating systems using the combination of Ka-band zenith-pointing radar Doppler spectra and quasi-vertical profiles of polarimetric radar variables measured by a Ka/W-band scanning radar. The results illustrate the frequent occurrence of multimodal Doppler spectra in the dendritic/planar growth layer, where locally generated, slower-falling particle populations are well separated from faster-falling populations in terms of Doppler velocity. The slower-falling particle populations contribute to an increase of differential reflectivity (Z_DR), while an enhanced specific differential phase (K_DP) in this dendritic growth temperature range is caused by both the slower and faster-falling particle populations. Another area with frequent occurrence of multimodal Doppler spectra is in mixed-phase layers, where both populations produce Z_DR and K_DP values close to 0, suggesting the occurrence of a riming process. A Joint analysis of the Doppler spectra and the polarimetric radar variables provides important insight into the microphysics of snow formation and allows the separation of the contributions of ice of different habits to the values of reflectivity and Z_DR.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0014295; SC00112704

OSTI ID:: 1424987

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1423398

Report Number(s):: BNL-203279-2018-JAAM

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 5; ISSN 2169-897X

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 26 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (85)

A Dual-Polarization Radar Hydrometeor Classification Algorithm for Winter Precipitation Thompson, Elizabeth J.; Rutledge, Steven A.; Dolan, Brenda Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00119.1	journal	July 2014
Polarimetric radar studies of atmospheric ice particles Vivekanandan, J.; Bringi, V. N.; Hagen, M. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 32, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/36.285183	journal	January 1994
Identification of Hydrometeors with Elliptical and Linear Polarization K _a -Band Radar Reinking, Roger F.; Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Bruintjes, Roelof T. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 36, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0322:IOHWEA>2.0.CO;2	journal	April 1997
Polarimetric Radar Observations in the Ice Region of Precipitating Clouds at C-Band and X-Band Radar Frequencies Bechini, R.; Baldini, L.; Chandrasekar, V. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 52, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-055.1	journal	May 2013
Theoretical Study of Radar Polarization Parameters Obtained from Cirrus Clouds Matrosov, Sergey Y. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 48, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<1062:TSORPP>2.0.CO;2	journal	April 1991
Ubiquitous low‐level liquid‐containing Arctic clouds: New observations and climate model constraints from CALIPSO‐GOCCP Cesana, G.; Kay, J. E.; Chepfer, H. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053385	journal	October 2012
Resilience of persistent Arctic mixed-phase clouds Morrison, Hugh; de Boer, Gijs; Feingold, Graham Nature Geoscience, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1332	journal	December 2011
Production of secondary ice particles during the riming process Hallett, J.; Mossop, S. C. Nature, Vol. 249, Issue 5452 https://doi.org/10.1038/249026a0	journal	May 1974
Polarimetric Signatures above the Melting Layer in Winter Storms: An Observational and Modeling Study Andrić, Jelena; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Zrnić, Dušan S. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-028.1	journal	March 2013
Electromagnetic scattering by an aggregate of spheres Xu, Yu-lin Applied Optics, Vol. 34, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.34.004573	journal	January 1995
Calibration Issues of Dual-Polarization Radar Measurements Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Giangrande, Scott E.; Melnikov, Valery M. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 22, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH1772.1	journal	August 2005
Fingerprints of a riming event on cloud radar Doppler spectra: observations and modeling Kalesse, Heike; Szyrmer, Wanda; Kneifel, Stefan Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2997-2016	journal	January 2016
The Accuracy of Radar Estimates of Ice Terminal Fall Speed from Vertically Pointing Doppler Radar Measurements Protat, Alain; Williams, Christopher R. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 50, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-10-05031.1	journal	October 2011
Radiative influences on ice crystal and droplet growth within mixed-phase stratus clouds Lebo, Z. J.; Johnson, N. C.; Harrington, J. Y. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue D9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009262	journal	January 2008
Insights into the Evolving Microphysical and Kinematic Structure of Northeastern U.S. Winter Storms from Dual-Polarization Doppler Radar Kumjian, Matthew R.; Lombardo, Kelly A. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 145, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0451.1	journal	March 2017
Orientations and aspect ratios of falling snow Garrett, Timothy J.; Yuter, Sandra E.; Fallgatter, Cale Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064040	journal	June 2015
Homogeneous nucleation of supercooled water: Results from a new equation of state Jeffery, C. A.; Austin, P. H. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 102, Issue D21 https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD02243	journal	November 1997
Representation of microphysical processes in cloud-resolving models: Spectral (bin) microphysics versus bulk parameterization: BIN VS BULK Khain, A. P.; Beheng, K. D.; Heymsfield, A. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 53, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014RG000468	journal	May 2015
The simulation of Arctic clouds and their influence on the winter surface temperature in present-day climate in the CMIP3 multi-model dataset Karlsson, Johannes; Svensson, Gunilla Climate Dynamics, Vol. 36, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0758-6	journal	February 2010
Summer Snowfall Workshop: Scattering Properties of Realistic Frozen Hydrometeors from Simulations and Observations, as well as Defining a New Standard for Scattering Databases Kneifel, Stefan; Dias Neto, José; Ori, Davide Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 99, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0208.1	journal	March 2018
What Can We Conclude about the Real Aspect Ratios of Ice Particle Aggregates from Two-Dimensional Images? Jiang, Zhiyuan; Oue, Mariko; Verlinde, Johannes Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 56, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0248.1	journal	March 2017
A Technique for the Automatic Detection of Insect Clutter in Cloud Radar Returns Luke, Edward P.; Kollias, Pavlos; Johnson, Karen L. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 25, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JTECHA953.1	journal	September 2008
Roundness and Aspect Ratio of Particles in Ice Clouds Korolev, Alexei; Isaac, George Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 60, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1795:RAAROP>2.0.CO;2	journal	August 2003
Aircraft Microphysical and Surface-Based Radar Observations of Summertime Arctic Clouds Lawson, R. Paul; Zuidema, Paquita Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 66, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3177.1	journal	December 2009
Relationship between temperature and apparent shape of pristine ice crystals derived from polarimetric cloud radar observations during the ACCEPT campaign Myagkov, Alexander; Seifert, Patric; Wandinger, Ulla Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3739-2016	journal	January 2016
High-Resolution Raindrop Size Distribution Retrieval Based on the Doppler Spectrum in the Case of Slant Profiling Radar Unal, Christine Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00225.1	journal	June 2015
A Focus On Mixed-Phase Clouds: The Status of Ground-Based Observational Methods Shupe, Matthew D.; Daniel, John S.; de Boer, Gijs Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 89, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1175/2008BAMS2378.1	journal	October 2008
Using Doppler Spectra to Separate Hydrometeor Populations and Analyze Ice Precipitation in Multilayered Mixed-Phase Clouds Rambukkange, Mahlon P.; Verlinde, Johannes; Eloranta, Edwin W. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2010.2052781	journal	January 2011
A new retrieval for cloud liquid water path using a ground-based microwave radiometer and measurements of cloud temperature Liljegren, James C.; Clothiaux, Eugene E.; Mace, Gerald G. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 106, Issue D13 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900817	journal	July 2001
Scanning ARM Cloud Radars. Part I: Operational Sampling Strategies Kollias, Pavlos; Bharadwaj, Nitin; Widener, Kevin Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 3, p. 569-582 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00044.1	journal	March 2014
Deriving Mixed-Phase Cloud Properties from Doppler Radar Spectra Shupe, Matthew D.; Kollias, Pavlos; Matrosov, Sergey Y. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0660:DMCPFD>2.0.CO;2	journal	April 2004
S-Band Dual-Polarization Radar Observations of Winter Storms Kennedy, Patrick C.; Rutledge, Steven A. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 50, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2558.1	journal	April 2011
A Dual-Polarization Radar Signature of Hydrometeor Refreezing in Winter Storms Kumjian, Matthew R.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Reeves, Heather D. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 52, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0311.1	journal	November 2013
Atmospheric Ice Particle Shape Estimates from Polarimetric Radar Measurements and In Situ Observations Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Schmitt, Carl G.; Maahn, Maximilian Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 34, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0111.1	journal	December 2017
Radar Backscattering from Snowflakes: Comparison of Fractal, Aggregate, and Soft Spheroid Models Tyynelä, Jani; Leinonen, Jussi; Moisseev, Dmitri Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 28, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00004.1	journal	November 2011
The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Cloud Profiling Radars: Second-Generation Sampling Strategies, Processing, and Cloud Data Products Kollias, Pavlos; Miller, Mark A.; Luke, Edward P. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 24, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH2033.1	journal	July 2007
Polarimetric Method for Ice Water Content Determination Ryzhkov, A. V.; Zrnic, D. S.; Gordon, B. A. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 37, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<0125:PMFIWC>2.0.CO;2	journal	February 1998
High-Resolution Vertical Profiles of X-Band Polarimetric Radar Observables during Snowfall in the Swiss Alps Schneebeli, Marc; Dawes, Nicholas; Lehning, Michael Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 52, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-015.1	journal	February 2013
Radar signatures of snowflake riming: A modeling study: SNOWFLAKE RIMING AND RADAR Leinonen, Jussi; Szyrmer, Wanda Earth and Space Science, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015EA000102	journal	August 2015
Observations of supercooled water and secondary ice generation by a vertically pointing X-band Doppler radar Zawadzki, I.; Fabry, F.; Szyrmer, W. Atmospheric Research, Vol. 59-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00124-7	journal	October 2001
Disentangling Mie and attenuation effects in rain using a K_a -W dual-wavelength Doppler spectral ratio technique Tridon, Frédéric; Battaglia, Alessandro; Kollias, Pavlos Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 20, p. 5548-5552 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057454	journal	October 2013
Observation of the Falling Motion of Early Snowflakes.: Part II: On the Variation of Falling Velocity [初期雪片の落下運動の観測: 第2部:落下速度の変動について] Kajikawa, Masahiro Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, Vol. 67, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.67.5_731	journal	January 1989
Radar Scattering from Ice Aggregates Using the Horizontally Aligned Oblate Spheroid Approximation Hogan, Robin J.; Tian, Lin; Brown, Philip R. A. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 51, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-074.1	journal	March 2012
X-Band Polarimetric and Ka-Band Doppler Spectral Radar Observations of a Graupel-Producing Arctic Mixed-Phase Cloud Oue, Mariko; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Lu, Yinghui Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 54, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0315.1	journal	June 2015
Use of X-Band Differential Reflectivity Measurements to Study Shallow Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds Oue, Mariko; Galletti, Michele; Verlinde, Johannes Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 55, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0168.1	journal	February 2016
Retrieving Fall Streaks within Cloud Systems Using Doppler Radar Pfitzenmaier, Lukas; Dufournet, Yann; Unal, Christine M. H. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 34, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0117.1	journal	April 2017
Observational constraints on mixed-phase clouds imply higher climate sensitivity Tan, I.; Storelvmo, T.; Zelinka, M. D. Science, Vol. 352, Issue 6282 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad5300	journal	April 2016
Identification of hydrometeors and other targets by dual-polarization radar Hall, Martin P. M.; Goddard, John W. F.; Cherry, Stephen M. Radio Science, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/RS019i001p00132	journal	January 1984
A Preliminary Study of Comparative Measurements of Rainfall Rate Using the Differential Reflectivity Radar Technique and a Raingage Network Seliga, T. A.; Bringi, V. N.; Al-Khatib, H. H. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 20, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<1362:APSOCM>2.0.CO;2	journal	November 1981
A Method for Estimating Particle Fall Velocities from Vertically Pointing Doppler Radar Orr, Brad W.; Kropfli, Robert A. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<0029:AMFEPF>2.0.CO;2	journal	January 1999
Polarimetric Scattering Database for Non-spherical Ice Particles at Microwave Wavelengths Aydin, Kultegin; Verlinde, Johannes; Clothiaux, Eugene Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Archive, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (US); https://doi.org/10.5439/1258029	dataset	January 2016
Rayleigh scattering by hexagonal ice crystals and the interpretation of dual-polarisation radar measurements Westbrook, C. D. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 140, Issue 683 https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2262	journal	December 2013
Microphysical characterization of mixed-phase clouds Korolev, Alexei V.; Isaac, George A.; Cober, Stewart G. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 129, Issue 587 https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.01.204	journal	January 2003
Bulk Hydrometeor Classification and Quantification Using Polarimetric Radar Data: Synthesis of Relations Straka, Jerry M.; Zrnić, Dusan S.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 39, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<1341:BHCAQU>2.0.CO;2	journal	August 2000
Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts on climate DeMott, P. J.; Prenni, A. J.; Liu, X. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910818107	journal	June 2010
Linear Depolarization Ratios of Columnar Ice Crystals in a Deep Precipitating System over the Arctic Observed by Zenith-Pointing Ka-Band Doppler Radar Oue, Mariko; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Lu, Yinghui Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 54, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0012.1	journal	May 2015
A Polarimetric Analysis of Ice Microphysical Processes in Snow, Using Quasi-Vertical Profiles Griffin, Erica M.; Schuur, Terry J.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-17-0033.1	journal	January 2018
Nonparametric Estimation of Raindrop Size Distributions from Dual-Polarization Radar Spectral Observations Moisseev, Dmitri N.; Chandrasekar, V. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH2024.1	journal	June 2007
Connecting Microphysical Processes in Colorado Winter Storms with Vertical Profiles of Radar Observations Schrom, Robert S.; Kumjian, Matthew R. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 55, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0338.1	journal	August 2016
High-Resolution Polarimetric Radar Observations of Snow-Generating Cells Kumjian, Matthew R.; Rutledge, Steven A.; Rasmussen, Roy M. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 53, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0312.1	journal	June 2014
The Arm Climate Research Facility: A Review of Structure and Capabilities Mather, James H.; Voyles, Jimmy W. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 94, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00218.1	journal	March 2013
Measurements of Differential Reflectivity in Snowstorms and Warm Season Stratiform Systems Williams, Earle R.; Smalley, David J.; Donovan, Michael F. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 54, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0020.1	journal	March 2015
A polarimetric scattering database for non-spherical ice particles at microwave wavelengths Lu, Yinghui; Jiang, Zhiyuan; Aydin, Kultegin Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5119-2016	journal	January 2016
Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Dendritic Growth Zones within Colorado Winter Storms Schrom, Robert S.; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Lu, Yinghui Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 54, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0004.1	journal	December 2015
An Iterative Filtering Technique for the Analysis of Copolar Differential Phase and Dual-Frequency Radar Measurements Hubbert, J.; Bringi, V. N. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0643:AIFTFT>2.0.CO;2	journal	June 1995
First observations of triple-frequency radar Doppler spectra in snowfall: Interpretation and applications: TRIPLE-FREQUENCY SPECTRA OF SNOWFALL Kneifel, S.; Kollias, P.; Battaglia, A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067618	journal	March 2016
Modeling variability in dendritic ice crystal backscattering cross sections at millimeter wavelengths using a modified Rayleigh–Gans theory Lu, Yinghui; Clothiaux, Eugene E.; Aydin, Kültegin Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Vol. 131 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.05.008	journal	December 2013
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation Pruppacher, H. R.; Klett, J. D. Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48100-0	book	June 2010
Detection of supercooled liquid in mixed-phase clouds using radar Doppler spectra Luke, Edward P.; Kollias, Pavlos; Shupe, Matthew D. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue D19 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012884	journal	January 2010
Quasi-Vertical Profiles—A New Way to Look at Polarimetric Radar Data Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei; Reeves, Heather Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 33, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0020.1	journal	March 2016
Insights into riming and aggregation processes as revealed by aircraft, radar, and disdrometer observations for a 27 April 2011 widespread precipitation event: Insights into Riming and Aggregation Giangrande, Scott E.; Toto, Tami; Bansemer, Aaron Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024537	journal	May 2016
Convective cloud vertical velocity and mass-flux characteristics from radar wind profiler observations during GoAmazon2014/5 Giangrande, Scott E.; Toto, Tami; Jensen, Michael P. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 21, p. 12,891-12,913 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025303	journal	November 2016
On using the relationship between Doppler velocity and radar reflectivity to identify microphysical processes in midlatitudinal ice clouds: RADAR OBSERVABLES AND ICE MICROPHYSICS Kalesse, Heike; Kollias, Pavlos; Szyrmer, Wanda Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020386	journal	November 2013
Observed relations between snowfall microphysics and triple-frequency radar measurements: TRIPLE-FREQUENCY SIGNATURES OF SNOWFALL Kneifel, Stefan; von Lerber, Annakaisa; Tiira, Jussi Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023156	journal	June 2015
Development and Applications of ARM Millimeter-Wavelength Cloud Radars Kollias, Pavlos; Clothiaux, Eugene E.; Ackerman, Thomas P. Meteorological Monographs, Vol. 57 https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0037.1	journal	April 2016
Polarimetric radar and aircraft observations of saggy bright bands during MC3E: SAGGY BRIGHT BANDS Kumjian, Matthew R.; Mishra, Subashree; Giangrande, Scott E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024446	journal	April 2016
What do triple-frequency radar signatures reveal about aggregate snowflakes? Leinonen, J.; Moisseev, D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022072	journal	January 2015
Dual-polarization radar signatures in snowstorms: Role of snowflake aggregation: RADAR SIGNATURES IN SNOWSTORMS Moisseev, Dmitri N.; Lautaportti, Susanna; Tyynela, Jani Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023884	journal	December 2015
How dual-polarization radar observations can be used to verify model representation of secondary ice: SECONDARY ICE: OBSERVATIONS AND MODEL Sinclair, Victoria A.; Moisseev, Dmitri; von Lerber, Annakaisa Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025381	journal	September 2016
Arctic multilayered, mixed-phase cloud processes revealed in millimeter-wave cloud radar Doppler spectra: ARCTIC MULTILAYERED CLOUD PROCESSES Verlinde, Johannes; Rambukkange, Mahlon P.; Clothiaux, Eugene E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020183	journal	December 2013
Mixed-phase cloud phase partitioning using millimeter wavelength cloud radar Doppler velocity spectra: MIXED-PHASE CLOUD PHASE PARTITIONING Yu, G.; Verlinde, J.; Clothiaux, E. E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 119, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021182	journal	June 2014
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation Pruppacher, Hans R.; Klett, James D. Nature, Vol. 284, Issue 5751 https://doi.org/10.1038/284088b0	journal	March 1980
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation Zettlemoyer, A. C. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8686(79)80009-3	journal	July 1979
Homogeneous nucleation of supercooled water: Results from a new equation of state Austin, Philip H.; Jeffery, Christopher A. American Geophysical Union https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0041772	text	January 1997
Relationship between temperature and apparent shape of pristine ice crystals derived from polarimetric cloud radar observations during the ACCEPT campaign Myagkov, Alexander; Seifert, Patric; Wandinger, Ulla München : European Geopyhsical Union https://doi.org/10.34657/1216	null	January 2016

Cited By (3)

Can liquid cloud microphysical processes be used for vertically pointing cloud radar calibration? Maahn, Maximilian; Hoffmann, Fabian; Shupe, Matthew D. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3151-2019	journal	January 2019
Development and validation of a supervised machine learning radar Doppler spectra peak-finding algorithm Kalesse, Heike; Vogl, Teresa; Paduraru, Cosmin Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4591-2019	journal	January 2019
peakTree: a framework for structure-preserving radar Doppler spectra analysis Radenz, Martin; Bühl, Johannes; Seifert, Patric Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4813-2019	journal	January 2019