Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

Brantley, Susan L.; Eissenstat, David M.; Marshall, Jill A.; Godsey, Sarah E.; Balogh-Brunstad, Zsuzsanna; Karwan, Diana L.; Papuga, Shirley A.; Roering, Joshua; Dawson, Todd E.; Evaristo, Jaivime; Chadwick, Oliver; McDonnell, Jeffrey J.; Weathers, Kathleen C.

doi:10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017

Title: Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

Journal Article · Fri Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Biogeosciences (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017· OSTI ID:1419619

Brantley, Susan L. ^[1]; Eissenstat, David M. ^[1];

^[2]; Godsey, Sarah E. ^[3];

^[4]; Karwan, Diana L. ^[5]; Papuga, Shirley A. ^[6]; Roering, Joshua ^[7]; Dawson, Todd E. ^[8];

^[9]; Chadwick, Oliver ^[10]; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. ^[11]; Weathers, Kathleen C. ^[12]

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Idaho State Univ., Pocatello, ID (United States)
Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY (United States)
Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (United States)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States); Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States)
Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, OR (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada)
Cary Inst. of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY (United States)

Trees, the most successful biological power plants on earth, build and plumb the critical zone (CZ) in ways that we do not yet understand. To encourage exploration of the character and implications of interactions between trees and soil in the CZ, we propose nine hypotheses that can be tested at diverse settings. The hypotheses are roughly divided into those about the architecture (building) and those about the water (plumbing) in the CZ, but the two functions are intertwined. Depending upon one's disciplinary background, many of the nine hypotheses listed below may appear obviously true or obviously false. (1) Tree roots can only physically penetrate and biogeochemically comminute the immobile substrate underlying mobile soil where that underlying substrate is fractured or pre-weathered. (2) In settings where the thickness of weathered material, H, is large, trees primarily shape the CZ through biogeochemical reactions within the rooting zone. (3) In forested uplands, the thickness of mobile soil, h, can evolve toward a steady state because of feedbacks related to root disruption and tree throw. (4) In settings where h \11 H and the rates of uplift and erosion are low, the uptake of phosphorus into trees is buffered by the fine-grained fraction of the soil, and the ultimate source of this phosphorus is dust. (5) In settings of limited water availability, trees maintain the highest length density of functional roots at depths where water can be extracted over most of the growing season with the least amount of energy expenditure. (6) Trees grow the majority of their roots in the zone where the most growth-limiting resource is abundant, but they also grow roots at other depths to forage for other resources and to hydraulically redistribute those resources to depths where they can be taken up more efficiently. (7) Trees rely on matrix water in the unsaturated zone that at times may have an isotopic composition distinct from the gravity-drained water that transits from the hillslope to groundwater and streamflow. (8) Mycorrhizal fungi can use matrix water directly, but trees can only use this water by accessing it indirectly through the fungi. (9) Even trees growing well above the valley floor of a catchment can directly affect stream chemistry where changes in permeability near the rooting zone promote intermittent zones of water saturation and downslope flow of water to the stream. By testing these nine hypotheses, we will generate important new cross-disciplinary insights that advance CZ science.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division

Contributing Organization:: National Science Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012003

OSTI ID:: 1419619

Journal Information:: Biogeosciences (Online), Vol. 14, Issue 22; ISSN 1726-4189

Publisher:: European Geosciences UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 118 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (217)

Foraging strategies in trees of different root morphology: the role of root lifespan Adams, T. S.; McCormack, M. L.; Eissenstat, D. M. Tree Physiology, Vol. 33, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpt067	journal	September 2013
Variation of first-order root traits across climatic gradients and evolutionary trends in geological time: Root trait variation and evolution Chen, Weile; Zeng, Hui; Eissenstat, David M. Global Ecology and Biogeography, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12048	journal	February 2013
Longevity of treethrow microtopography: implications for mass wasting Schaetzl, Randall J.; Follmer, Leon R. Geomorphology, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(90)90040-W	journal	June 1990
Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas Smith, Sally E.; Facelli, Evelina; Pope, Suzanne Plant and Soil, Vol. 326, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9981-5	journal	May 2009
Geophysical imaging reveals topographic stress control of bedrock weathering St. Clair, J.; Moon, S.; Holbrook, W. S. Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6260 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab2210	journal	October 2015
Ground-penetrating radar-based automatic reconstruction of three-dimensional coarse root system architecture Wu, Yuan; Guo, Li; Cui, Xihong Plant and Soil, Vol. 383, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2139-0	journal	June 2014
Similar below-ground carbon cycling dynamics but contrasting modes of nitrogen cycling between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal forests Lin, Guigang; McCormack, M. Luke; Ma, Chengen New Phytologist, Vol. 213, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14206	journal	September 2016
Vertical distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa in a podzol soil profile Rosling, A.; Landeweert, R.; Lindahl, B. D. New Phytologist, Vol. 159, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00829.x	journal	July 2003
Bedrock erosion by root fracture and tree throw: A coupled biogeomorphic model to explore the humped soil production function and the persistence of hillslope soils Gabet, Emmanuel J.; Mudd, Simon M. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue F4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001526	journal	January 2010
Redefining fine roots improves understanding of below-ground contributions to terrestrial biosphere processes McCormack, M. Luke; Dickie, Ian A.; Eissenstat, David M. New Phytologist, Vol. 207, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13363	journal	March 2015
Plant-driven weathering of apatite - the role of an ectomycorrhizal fungus: Plant-driven fungal weathering of apatite Smits, M. M.; Bonneville, S.; Benning, L. G. Geobiology, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4669.2012.00331.x	journal	May 2012
Water relations of evergreen and drought-deciduous trees along a seasonally dry tropical forest chronosequence Hasselquist, Niles J.; Allen, Michael F.; Santiago, Louis S. Oecologia, Vol. 164, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1725-y	journal	July 2010
Reliance on shallow soil water in a mixed-hardwood forest in central Pennsylvania Gaines, Katie P.; Stanley, Jane W.; Meinzer, Frederick C. Tree Physiology, Vol. 36, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv113	journal	November 2015
Performance of induction module cavity ring-down spectroscopy (IM-CRDS) for measuring δ ¹⁸ O and δ ² H values of soil, stem, and leaf waters : Performance of induction module cavity ring-down spectroscopy Johnson, J. E.; Hamann, L.; Dettman, D. L. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 31, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7813	journal	February 2017
Contributions of dust to phosphorus cycling in tropical forests of the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico Pett-Ridge, Julie C. Biogeochemistry, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9308-x	journal	March 2009
Ecosystem rooting depth determined with caves and DNA Jackson, R. B.; Moore, L. A.; Hoffmann, W. A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 96, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.20.11387	journal	September 1999
Rock to regolith conversion: Producing hospitable substrates for terrestrial ecosystems Graham, Robert; Rossi, Ann; Hubbert, R. GSA Today https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAT57A.1	journal	February 2010
Ectomycorrhizae in a soil-weathered granitic bedrock regolith: linking matrix resources to plants Bornyasz, M. A.; Graham, R. C.; Allen, M. F. Geoderma, Vol. 126, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.11.023	journal	May 2005
Dust outpaces bedrock in nutrient supply to montane forest ecosystems Aciego, S. M.; Riebe, C. S.; Hart, S. C. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14800	journal	March 2017
The soil production function and landscape equilibrium Heimsath, Arjun M.; Dietrich, William E.; Nishiizumi, Kunihiko Nature, Vol. 388, Issue 6640 https://doi.org/10.1038/41056	journal	July 1997
Maximum axial and radial growth pressures of plant roots Misra, R. K.; Dexter, A. R.; Alston, A. M. Plant and Soil, Vol. 95, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02374612	journal	October 1986
Bedrock composition regulates mountain ecosystems and landscape evolution Hahm, W. Jesse; Riebe, Clifford S.; Lukens, Claire E. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1315667111	journal	February 2014
Evidence for biotic controls on topography and soil production Roering, Joshua J.; Marshall, Jill; Booth, Adam M. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 298, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.040	journal	September 2010
Significant Difference in Hydrogen Isotope Composition Between Xylem and Tissue Water in Populus Euphratica : Deuterium fractionation in plants Zhao, Liangju; Wang, Lixin; Cernusak, Lucas A. Plant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 39, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12753	journal	May 2016
How do roots penetrate strong soil? Clark, L. J.; Whalley, W. R.; Barraclough, P. B. Plant and Soil, Vol. 255, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026140122848	journal	August 2003
Mineral weathering and elemental transport during hillslope evolution at the Susquehanna/Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory Jin, Lixin; Ravella, Ramesh; Ketchum, Blake Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 74, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.03.036	journal	July 2010
Going back to the roots: the microbial ecology of the rhizosphere Philippot, Laurent; Raaijmakers, Jos M.; Lemanceau, Philippe Nature Reviews Microbiology, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3109	journal	September 2013
Shaping post-orogenic landscapes by climate and chemical weathering Chadwick, Oliver A.; Roering, Josh J.; Heimsath, Arjun M. Geology, Vol. 41, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1130/G34721.1	journal	November 2013
Hydrological niches in terrestrial plant communities: a review Silvertown, Jonathan; Araya, Yoseph; Gowing, David Journal of Ecology, Vol. 103, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12332	journal	November 2014
Contrasting the morphology, anatomy and fungal colonization of new pioneer and fibrous roots Zadworny, Marcin; Eissenstat, David M. New Phytologist, Vol. 190, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03598.x	journal	January 2011
Stable Isotopes in Plant Ecology Dawson, Todd E.; Mambelli, Stefania; Plamboeck, Agneta H. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 33, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.020602.095451	journal	November 2002
Tree species impact the terrestrial cycle of silicon through various uptakes Cornelis, J. -T.; Ranger, J.; Iserentant, A. Biogeochemistry, Vol. 97, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9369-x	journal	September 2009
The Self-Thinning Rule: Dead or Alive? Lonsdale, W. M. Ecology, Vol. 71, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2307/1938275	journal	August 1990
Mapping the global distribution of deep roots in relation to climate and soil characteristics Schenk, H. Jochen; Jackson, Robert B. Geoderma, Vol. 126, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.11.018	journal	May 2005
Pfeffer's Studies of the Root Growth Pressures Exerted by Plants Gill, William R.; Bolt, G. H. Agronomy Journal, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1955.00021962004700040004x	journal	January 1955
Directional connectivity in hydrology and ecology Larsen, Laurel G.; Choi, Jungyill; Nungesser, Martha K. Ecological Applications, Vol. 22, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1948.1	journal	December 2012
Mycorrhizal Fungi: Highways for Water and Nutrients in Arid Soils Allen, Michael F. Vadose Zone Journal, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0068	journal	January 2007
Root Distribution Under Some Forest Types Native to West Virginia Kochenderfer, James N. Ecology, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2307/1934355	journal	March 1973
A new look at water transport regulation in plants Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi; Poyatos, Rafael; Aguadé, David New Phytologist, Vol. 204, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12912	journal	July 2014
Quantitative models for pedogenesis — A review Minasny, Budiman; McBratney, Alex. B.; Salvador-Blanes, Sébastien Geoderma, Vol. 144, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.12.013	journal	March 2008
Effect of VA mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms on root and shoot morphology, growth and water relations in maize Kothari, S. K.; Marschner, H.; George, E. New Phytologist, Vol. 116, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb04718.x	journal	October 1990
Spatial and temporal soil moisture resource partitioning by trees and grasses in a temperate savanna, Arizona, USA Weltzin, Jake F.; McPherson, Guy R. Oecologia, Vol. 112, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050295	journal	October 1997
Early Forest Soils and Their Role in Devonian Global Change Retallack, G. J. Science, Vol. 276, Issue 5312 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5312.583	journal	April 1997
The Uplift of soil Nutrients by Plants: Biogeochemical Consequences Across Scales Jobbágy, Esteban G.; Jackson, Robert B. Ecology, Vol. 85, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0245	journal	September 2004
Mineral weathering and element cycling in soil-microorganism-plant system Zhu, YongGuan; Duan, GuiLan; Chen, BaoDong Science China Earth Sciences, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-014-4861-0	journal	March 2014
Linking root traits to nutrient foraging in arbuscular mycorrhizal trees in a temperate forest Eissenstat, David M.; Kucharski, Joshua M.; Zadworny, Marcin New Phytologist, Vol. 208, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13451	journal	May 2015
Symbiosis and the social network of higher plants Venkateshwaran, Muthusubramanian; Volkening, Jeremy D.; Sussman, Michael R. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2012.11.007	journal	February 2013
Linking water uptake with rooting patterns in grassland species Nippert, Jesse B.; Knapp, Alan K. Oecologia, Vol. 153, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0745-8	journal	May 2007
The importance of limestone bedrock and dissolution karst features on tree root distribution in northern Yucatán, México Estrada-Medina, Héctor; Graham, Robert C.; Allen, Michael F. Plant and Soil, Vol. 362, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1175-x	journal	March 2012
Threshold relations in subsurface stormflow: 1. A 147-storm analysis of the Panola hillslope: SUBSURFACE FLOW RELATIONS, 1 Tromp-van Meerveld, H. J.; McDonnell, J. J. Water Resources Research, Vol. 42, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003778	journal	February 2006
Seasonal Evolution of the Rhizosphere Effect on Major and Trace Elements in Soil Solutions of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies Karst</i>) and Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i>) in an Acidic Forest Soil Calvaruso, Christophe; Collignon, Christelle; Kies, Antoine Open Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 04, Issue 09 https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2014.49034	journal	January 2014
Mycorrhizal fungi and roots are complementary in foraging within nutrient patches Cheng, Lei; Chen, Weile; Adams, Thomas S. Ecology, Vol. 97, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1514	journal	September 2016
Walter’s two-layer hypothesis revisited: back to the roots! Ward, David; Wiegand, Kerstin; Getzin, Stephan Oecologia, Vol. 172, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2538-y	journal	December 2012
The Relationship between oak tree roots and groundwater in fractured rock as determined by tritium tracing Lewis, D. C.; Burgy, R. H. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 69, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ069i012p02579	journal	June 1964
T HE E FFECTS OF B IOTURBATION ON S OIL P ROCESSES AND S EDIMENT T RANSPORT Gabet, Emmanuel J.; Reichman, O. J.; Seabloom, Eric W. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141314	journal	May 2003
Landscape heterogeneity drives contrasting concentration–discharge relationships in shale headwater catchments Herndon, E. M.; Dere, A. L.; Sullivan, P. L. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3333-2015	journal	January 2015
Rapid Clay Weathering in the Rhizosphere of Norway Spruce and Oak in an Acid Forest Ecosystem Calvaruso, Christophe; Mareschal, Louis; Turpault, Marie-Pierre Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 73, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0400	journal	January 2009
Variability in aboveground carbon driven by slope aspect and curvature in an eastern deciduous forest, USA Smith, Lauren A.; Eissenstat, David M.; Kaye, Margot W. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 47, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0147	journal	February 2017
Root distribution and seasonal water status in weathered granitic bedrock under chaparral Sternberg, P. D.; Anderson, M. A.; Graham, R. C. Geoderma, Vol. 72, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(96)00019-5	journal	July 1996
Weathering of rock to regolith: The activity of deep roots in bedrock fractures Hasenmueller, Elizabeth A.; Gu, Xin; Weitzman, Julie N. Geoderma, Vol. 300 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.03.020	journal	August 2017
The problem of predicting the size distribution of sediment supplied by hillslopes to rivers Sklar, Leonard S.; Riebe, Clifford S.; Marshall, Jill A. Geomorphology, Vol. 277 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.05.005	journal	January 2017
Soil Moisture Flux and Evapotranspiration Determined from Soil Hydraulic Properties in a Chaparral Stand1 Scholl, David G. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 40, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000010009x	journal	January 1976
Chemical weathering as a mechanism for the climatic control of bedrock river incision Murphy, Brendan P.; Johnson, Joel P. L.; Gasparini, Nicole M. Nature, Vol. 532, Issue 7598 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17449	journal	April 2016
Oxygen isotope fractionation effects in soil water via interaction with cations (Mg, Ca, K, Na) adsorbed to phyllosilicate clay minerals Oerter, Erik; Finstad, Kari; Schaefer, Justin Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 515 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.029	journal	July 2014
Use of a Dead-Load Technique to Determine Axial Root Growth Pressure1 Eavis, B. W.; Ratliff, L. F.; Taylor, H. M. Agronomy Journal, Vol. 61, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1969.00021962006100040048x	journal	January 1969
Exploring pedogenesis via nuclide-based soil production rates and OSL-based bioturbation rates Wilkinson, Marshall T.; Humphreys, Geoff S. Soil Research, Vol. 43, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR04158	journal	January 2005
Evapotranspiration partitioning in semiarid shrubland ecosystems: a two-site evaluation of soil moisture control on transpiration Cavanaugh, Michelle L.; Kurc, Shirley A.; Scott, Russell L. Ecohydrology, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.157	journal	August 2010
Climate and soil-age constraints on nutrient uplift and retention by plants Porder, Stephen; Chadwick, Oliver A. Ecology, Vol. 90, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1739.1	journal	March 2009
Hydraulic redistribution of water from Pinus ponderosa trees to seedlings: evidence for an ectomycorrhizal pathway Warren, Jeffrey M.; Brooks, J. Renée; Meinzer, Frederick C. New Phytologist, Vol. 178, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02377.x	journal	April 2008
Double-funneling of trees: Stemflow and root-induced preferential flow Johnson, Mark S.; Lehmann, Johannes Écoscience, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2980/i1195-6860-13-3-324.1	journal	January 2006
The Global Biogeography of Roots Schenk, H. Jochen; Jackson, Robert B. Ecological Monographs, Vol. 72, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0311:TGBOR]2.0.CO;2	journal	August 2002
Snowmelt-driven macropore flow and soil saturation in a semiarid forest Newman, Brent D.; Wilcox, Bradford P.; Graham, Robert C. Hydrological Processes, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5521	journal	April 2004
Ectomycorrhizal weathering of the soil minerals muscovite and hornblende van Scholl, Laura; Smits, Mark M.; Hoffland, Ellis New Phytologist, Vol. 171, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01790.x	journal	September 2006
Rhizosphere effects on soil solution composition and mineral stability McGahan, Donald G.; Southard, Randal J.; Zasoski, Robert J. Geoderma, Vol. 226-227 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.03.011	journal	August 2014
Global separation of plant transpiration from groundwater and streamflow Evaristo, Jaivime; Jasechko, Scott; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. Nature, Vol. 525, Issue 7567 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14983	journal	September 2015
Feedbacks between geomorphology and biota controlling Earth surface processes and landforms: A review of foundation concepts and current understandings Corenblit, Dov; Baas, Andreas C. W.; Bornette, Gudrun Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 106, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.002	journal	June 2011
How Oxidation and Dissolution in Diabase and Granite Control Porosity during Weathering Bazilevskaya, Ekaterina; Rother, Gernot; Mildner, David F. R. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 79, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0135	journal	January 2015
Erosion rates in the southern oregon coast range: Evidence for an equilibrium between hillslope erosion and sediment yield Reneau, Steven L.; Dietrich, William E. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290160405	journal	June 1991
The illusion of diffusion: Field evidence for depth-dependent sediment transport Heimsath, Arjun M.; Furbish, David Jon; Dietrich, William E. Geology, Vol. 33, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1130/G21868.1	journal	January 2005
The mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy: a new framework for predicting carbon-nutrient couplings in temperate forests Phillips, Richard P.; Brzostek, Edward; Midgley, Meghan G. New Phytologist, Vol. 199, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12221	journal	April 2013
Flow resistance and sediment transport by concentrated overland flow in a grassland valley Prosser, Ian P.; Dietrich, William E.; Stevenson, Janelle Geomorphology, Vol. 13, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(95)00020-6	journal	September 1995
Illuminating hydrological processes at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface with water stable isotopes: REVIEW OF WATER STABLE ISOTOPES Sprenger, Matthias; Leistert, Hannes; Gimbel, Katharina Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 54, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015RG000515	journal	September 2016
Critical Zone Observatories: Building a network to advance interdisciplinary study of Earth surface processes Anderson, S. P.; Bales, R. C.; Duffy, C. J. Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 72, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.7	journal	February 2008
Rhizogenic Fe–C redox cycling: a hypothetical biogeochemical mechanism that drives crustal weathering in upland soils Fimmen, Ryan L.; Richter, Daniel deB.; Vasudevan, Dharni Biogeochemistry, Vol. 87, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9172-5	journal	February 2008
Roots, rock, and regolith: Biomechanical and biochemical weathering by trees and its impact on hillslopes—A critical literature review Pawlik, Łukasz; Phillips, Jonathan D.; Šamonil, Pavel Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 159 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.002	journal	August 2016
Hydrologic connectivity constrains partitioning of global terrestrial water fluxes Good, S. P.; Noone, D.; Bowen, G. Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6244 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa5931	journal	July 2015
The redistribution of soil water by tree root systems Burgess, Stephen S. O.; Adams, Mark A.; Turner, Neil C. Oecologia, Vol. 115, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050521	journal	July 1998
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis increases relative apoplastic water flow in roots of the host plant under both well-watered and drought stress conditions Bárzana, Gloria; Aroca, Ricardo; Paz, José Antonio Annals of Botany, Vol. 109, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs007	journal	January 2012
Water uptake by safflower and wheat roots infected with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Bryla, D. R.; Duniway, J. M. New Phytologist, Vol. 136, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00781.x	journal	August 1997
Lorenz Hiltner, a pioneer in rhizosphere microbial ecology and soil bacteriology research Hartmann, Anton; Rothballer, Michael; Schmid, Michael Plant and Soil, Vol. 312, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9514-z	journal	December 2007
Changing sources of nutrients during four million years of ecosystem development Chadwick, O. A.; Derry, L. A.; Vitousek, P. M. Nature, Vol. 397, Issue 6719 https://doi.org/10.1038/17276	journal	February 1999
Evolution of hillslope soils: The geomorphic theater and the geochemical play Yoo, Kyungsoo; Weinman, Beth; Mudd, Simon Marius Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 26 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.054	journal	June 2011
A reactive diffusion model describing transformation of bedrock to saprolite Lebedeva, M. I.; Fletcher, R. C.; Balashov, V. N. Chemical Geology, Vol. 244, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.07.008	journal	October 2007
Testing plant use of mobile vs immobile soil water sources using stable isotope experiments Vargas, Ana I.; Schaffer, Bruce; Yuhong, Li New Phytologist, Vol. 215, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14616	journal	May 2017
Soil depth, plant rooting strategies and species’ niches Schenk, H. Jochen New Phytologist, Vol. 178, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02427.x	journal	April 2008
Transpiration in the global water cycle Schlesinger, William H.; Jasechko, Scott Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 189-190 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.01.011	journal	June 2014
Effects of slope angle on mass movement by tree uprooting Norman, Scott A.; Schaetzl, Randall J.; Small, Thomas W. Geomorphology, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(95)00016-X	journal	October 1995
Seasonal pattern of water depletion from soil–rock profiles in a Mediterranean climate in southwestern Oregon Zwieniecki, Maciej A.; Newton, Michael Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 26, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1139/x26-150	journal	August 1996
The architecture of Picea sitchensis structural root systems on horizontal and sloping terrain Nicoll, B. C.; Berthier, S.; Achim, A. Trees, Vol. 20, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-006-0085-z	journal	September 2006
Water Uptake in Woody Riparian Phreatophytes of the Southwestern United States: A Stable Isotope Study Busch, David E.; Ingraham, Neil L.; Smith, Stanley D. Ecological Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2307/1941880	journal	November 1992
Biological weathering and the long-term carbon cycle: integrating mycorrhizal evolution and function into the current paradigm Taylor, L. L.; Leake, J. R.; Quirk, J. Geobiology, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00194.x	journal	March 2009
The two water worlds hypothesis: Addressing multiple working hypotheses and proposing a way forward Berry, Z. Carter; Evaristo, Jaivime; Moore, Georgianne Ecohydrology, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1843	journal	March 2017
Critical issues with cryogenic extraction of soil water for stable isotope analysis: Issues with Cryogenic Soil Water Extraction Orlowski, Natalie; Breuer, Lutz; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. Ecohydrology, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1722	journal	January 2016
How to study deep roots—and why it matters Maeght, Jean-Luc; Rewald, Boris; Pierret, Alain Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00299	journal	January 2013
Deformational Mass Transport and Invasive Processes in Soil Evolution Brimhall, G. H.; Chadwick, O. A.; Lewis, C. J. Science, Vol. 255, Issue 5045 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.255.5045.695	journal	February 1992
Root distribution of 12-year-old forests at rocky sites in southwestern Oregon: effects of rock physical properties Zwieniecki, Maciej A.; Newton, Michael Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 24, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1139/x94-231	journal	September 1994
Seasonal water uptake and movement in root systems of Australian phraeatophytic plants of dimorphic root morphology: a stable isotope investigation Dawson, Todd E.; Pate, John S. Oecologia, Vol. 107, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00582230	journal	January 1996
Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis Augé, Robert M. Mycorrhiza, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720100097	journal	May 2001
The effect of bacteria and fungi on chemical weathering and chemical denudation fluxes in pine growth experiments Balogh-Brunstad, Z.; Keller, C. K.; Gill, R. A. Biogeochemistry, Vol. 88, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9202-y	journal	April 2008
Soil and Weathered Bedrock Hubbert, K. R.; Graham, R. C.; Anderson, M. A. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 65, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2001.6541255x	journal	January 2001
A spheroidal weathering model coupling porewater chemistry to soil thicknesses during steady-state denudation Fletcher, R.; Buss, H.; Brantley, S. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 244, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.055	journal	April 2006
Rock-eating mycorrhizas: their role in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles van Schöll, Laura; Kuyper, Thomas W.; Smits, Mark M. Plant and Soil, Vol. 303, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9513-0	journal	December 2007
The effect of hydraulic lift on organic matter decomposition, soil nitrogen cycling, and nitrogen acquisition by a grass species Armas, Cristina; Kim, John H.; Bleby, Timothy M. Oecologia, Vol. 168, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2065-2	journal	July 2011
Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants Brundrett, Mark C. New Phytologist, Vol. 154, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x	journal	May 2002
Terrestrial phosphorus limitation: mechanisms, implications, and nitrogen–phosphorus interactions Vitousek, Peter M.; Porder, Stephen; Houlton, Benjamin Z. Ecological Applications, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0127.1	journal	January 2010
On the relationship between bedrock lowering and regolith thickness Cox, Nicholas J. Earth Surface Processes, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3760050305	journal	July 1980
The Isotopic Fractionation of Water by Physiological Processes Washburn, E. W.; Smith, E. R. Science, Vol. 79, Issue 2043 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.79.2043.188	journal	February 1934
The use of stable isotopes of water in characterising the source of water in vegetation Walker, C. D.; Richardson, S. B. Chemical Geology, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(10)80026-9	journal	December 1991
The Influence of Plant Root Systems on Subsurface Flow: Implications for Slope Stability Ghestem, Murielle; Sidle, Roy C.; Stokes, Alexia BioScience, Vol. 61, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.11.6	journal	November 2011
Differential utilization of summer rains by desert plants Ehleringer, James R.; Phillips, Susan L.; Schuster, William S. F. Oecologia, Vol. 88, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317589	journal	November 1991
Stochastic processes of soil production and transport: erosion rates, topographic variation and cosmogenic nuclides in the Oregon Coast Range Heimsath, Arjun M.; Dietrich, William E.; Nishiizumi, Kunihiko Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 26, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.209	journal	January 2001
The ties that bind Read, David Nature, Vol. 388, Issue 6642 https://doi.org/10.1038/41426	journal	August 1997
Biological weathering in soil: the role of symbiotic root-associated fungi biosensing minerals and directing photosynthate-energy into grain-scale mineral weathering Leake, J. R.; Duran, A. L.; Hardy, K. E. Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 72, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.85	journal	February 2008
Water source utilization by woody plants growing on dolomite outcrops and nearby soils during dry seasons in karst region of Southwest China Nie, Yun-peng; Chen, Hong-song; Wang, Ke-lin Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 420-421 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.011	journal	February 2012
The ecohydrology of roots in rocks Schwinning, Susanne Ecohydrology https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.134	journal	January 2010
Hydraulic redistribution in three Amazonian trees Oliveira, Rafael S.; Dawson, Todd E.; Burgess, Stephen S. O. Oecologia, Vol. 145, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0108-2	journal	August 2005
Stable isotope evidence for the hydrogeological characteristics of clay-rich till in northern East Anglia Hiscock, K. M.; George, M. A.; Dennis, P. F. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Vol. 44, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236/10-006	journal	May 2011
Solute flux and mineral mass balance approaches to the quantification of plant effects on silicate weathering Moulton, K. L. American Journal of Science, Vol. 300, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.300.7.539	journal	September 2000
Dynamic, structured heterogeneity of water isotopes inside hillslopes Oshun, Jasper; Dietrich, William E.; Dawson, Todd E. Water Resources Research, Vol. 52, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017485	journal	January 2016
Game theory and plant ecology McNickle, Gordon G.; Dybzinski, Ray Ecology Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12071	journal	January 2013
Ecophysiological variation in two provenances of Pinus flexilis seedlings across an elevation gradient from forest to alpine Reinhardt, Keith; Castanha, Cristina; Germino, Matthew J. Tree Physiology, Vol. 31, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpr055	journal	June 2011
Microbe–mineral interactions: The impact of surface attachment on mineral weathering and element selectivity by microorganisms Ahmed, Engy; Holmström, Sara J. M. Chemical Geology, Vol. 403 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.03.009	journal	May 2015
Organic anion exudation by ectomycorrhizal fungi and Pinus sylvestris in response to nutrient deficiencies van Scholl, Laura; Hoffland, Ellis; van Breemen, Nico New Phytologist, Vol. 170, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01649.x	journal	March 2006
Late Summer Water Status of Soils and Weathered Bedrock in a Giant Sequoia Grove Anderson, M. A.; Graham, R. C.; Alyanakian, G. J. Soil Science, Vol. 160, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199512000-00007	journal	January 1995
Water and nutrient translocation by hyphae of Glomus mosseae George, Eckhard; Häussler, Karl-Uwe; Vetterlein, Doris Canadian Journal of Botany, Vol. 70, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1139/b92-265	journal	November 1992
A bottom-up control on fresh-bedrock topography under landscapes Rempe, D. M.; Dietrich, W. E. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1404763111	journal	April 2014
Water transfer via ectomycorrhizal fungal hyphae to conifer seedlings Plamboeck, Agneta H.; Dawson, Todd E.; Egerton-Warburton, Louise M. Mycorrhiza, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-007-0119-4	journal	March 2007
Microbially catalyzed dissolution of iron and aluminum oxyhydroxide mineral surface coatings Grantham, Meg C.; Dove, Patricia M.; Dichristina, Thomas J. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 61, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00265-2	journal	November 1997
Roots, rhizosphere and soil: the route to a better understanding of soil science? Gregory, P. J. European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00778.x	journal	February 2006
The search for a topographic signature of life Dietrich, William E.; Perron, J. Taylor Nature, Vol. 439, Issue 7075 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04452	journal	January 2006
Decreased water flowing from a forest amended with calcium silicate Green, M. B.; Bailey, A. S.; Bailey, S. W. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302445110	journal	March 2013
The Importance of Ectomycorrhizal Networks for Nutrient Retention and Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems Wallander, Håkan; Ekblad, Alf Ecological Studies https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7395-9_3	book	January 2015
Long-term base cation weathering rates in forested catchments of the Canadian Shield Augustin, Fougère; Houle, Daniel; Gagnon, Christian Geoderma, Vol. 247-248 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.01.016	journal	June 2015
Uplift, Erosion, and Phosphorus Limitation in Terrestrial Ecosystems Porder, Stephen; Vitousek, Peter M.; Chadwick, Oliver A. Ecosystems, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-9011-x	journal	February 2007
Terrestrial water fluxes dominated by transpiration Jasechko, Scott; Sharp, Zachary D.; Gibson, John J. Nature, Vol. 496, Issue 7445 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11983	journal	April 2013
Chemical transfers along slowly eroding catenas developed on granitic cratons in southern Africa Khomo, Lesego; Bern, Carleton R.; Hartshorn, Anthony S. Geoderma, Vol. 202-203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.03.023	journal	July 2013
How Do Real Roots Work? (Some New Views of Root Structure) McCully, M. Plant Physiology, Vol. 109, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.1.1	journal	September 1995
Contributions of water supply from the weathered bedrock zone to forest soil quality Witty, James H.; Graham, Robert C.; Hubbert, Kenneth R. Geoderma, Vol. 114, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00051-X	journal	June 2003
Soil processes and functions across an international network of Critical Zone Observatories: Introduction to experimental methods and initial results Banwart, Steven; Menon, Manoj; Bernasconi, Stefano M. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, Vol. 344, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2012.10.007	journal	November 2012
Toward a conceptual model relating chemical reaction fronts to water flow paths in hills Brantley, Susan L.; Lebedeva, Marina I.; Balashov, Victor N. Geomorphology, Vol. 277 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.09.027	journal	January 2017
Roots growing in rock fissures: Their morphological adaptation Zwieniecki, Maciej A.; Newton, Michael Plant and Soil, Vol. 172, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00011320	journal	January 1995
The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range Schmidt, K. M.; Roering, J. J.; Stock, J. D. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 38, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1139/t01-031	journal	October 2001
Mycorrhizal ecology and evolution: the past, the present, and the future van der Heijden, Marcel G. A.; Martin, Francis M.; Selosse, Marc-André New Phytologist, Vol. 205, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13288	journal	February 2015
Digital image-derived greenness links deep soil moisture to carbon uptake in a creosotebush-dominated shrubland Kurc, S. A.; Benton, L. M. Journal of Arid Environments, Vol. 74, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.10.003	journal	May 2010
The role of reaction affinity and secondary minerals in regulating chemical weathering rates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California Maher, Kate; Steefel, Carl I.; White, Art F. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 73, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.030	journal	May 2009
Biological energy in landscape evolution Phillips, J. D. American Journal of Science, Vol. 309, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2475/04.2009.01	journal	April 2009
Revisiting the Two-Layer Hypothesis: Coexistence of Alternative Functional Rooting Strategies in Savannas Holdo, Ricardo M. PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069625	journal	August 2013
Tree Species Effects on Calcium Cycling: The Role of Calcium Uptake in Deep Soils Dijkstra, Feike A.; Smits, Mark M. Ecosystems, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0082-4	journal	June 2002
Vertical root distributions of northern tree species in relation to successional status Gale, M. R.; Grigal, D. F. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 17, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1139/x87-131	journal	August 1987
Root Systems of Some Chaparral Plants in Southern California Hellmers, H.; Horton, J. S.; Juhren, G. Ecology, Vol. 36, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2307/1931305	journal	October 1955
The Vegetation of Magnesian Limestone Cliffs at Markland Grips Near Sheffield Jackson, G.; Sheldon, J. The Journal of Ecology, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2307/2256729	journal	July 1949
Tree-mycorrhiza symbiosis accelerate mineral weathering: Evidences from nanometer-scale elemental fluxes at the hypha–mineral interface Bonneville, Steeve; Morgan, Daniel J.; Schmalenberger, Achim Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 75, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.041	journal	November 2011
The water relations of two evergreen tree species in a karst savanna Schwinning, Susanne Oecologia, Vol. 158, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1147-2	journal	September 2008
Growth and Seasonal Utilisation of Water and Nutrients by Banksia prionotes Pate, John S.; Jeschke, Dieter; Dawson, Todd E. Australian Journal of Botany, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT97045	journal	January 1998
Frontiers in Ecosystem Ecology from a Community Perspective: The Future is Boundless and Bright Weathers, K. C.; Groffman, P. M.; Van Dolah, E. Ecosystems, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-016-9967-0	journal	February 2016
Roles of weathered bedrock and soil in seasonal water relations of Pinus Jeffreyi and Arctostaphylos patula Hubbert, K. R.; Beyers, J. L.; Graham, R. C. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 31, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-136	journal	November 2001
Revisiting streamside trees that do not use stream water: can the two water worlds hypothesis and snowpack isotopic effects explain a missing water source? Bowling, David R.; Schulze, Emily S.; Hall, Steven J. Ecohydrology, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1771	journal	August 2016
Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale Canadell, J.; Jackson, R. B.; Ehleringer, J. B. Oecologia, Vol. 108, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00329030	journal	December 1996
Increase in forest water-use efficiency as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise Keenan, Trevor F.; Hollinger, David Y.; Bohrer, Gil Nature, Vol. 499, Issue 7458 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12291	journal	July 2013
Soil moisture variations and ecosystem-scale fluxes of water and carbon in semiarid grassland and shrubland: SOIL MOISTURE VARIATIONS AND FLUXES OF CARBON Kurc, Shirley A.; Small, Eric E. Water Resources Research, Vol. 43, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005011	journal	June 2007
The structure and function of mycelial systems of ectomycorrhizal roots with special reference to their role in forming inter-plant connections and providing pathways for assimilate and water transport Brownlee, C.; Duddridge, J. A.; Malibari, A. Plant and Soil, Vol. 71, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02182684	journal	February 1983
Nutrient uptake as a contributing explanation for deep rooting in arid and semi-arid ecosystems McCulley, R. L.; Jobbágy, E. G.; Pockman, W. T. Oecologia, Vol. 141, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1687-z	journal	August 2004
Rooting depths, lateral root spreads and below-ground/above-ground allometries of plants in water-limited ecosystems Schenk, H. Jochen; Jackson, Robert B. Journal of Ecology, Vol. 90, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.00682.x	journal	May 2002
The influence of tree roots on soil morphology Lutz, H. J.; Griswold, F. S. American Journal of Science, Vol. 237, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.237.6.389	journal	June 1939
Networks of power and influence: the role of mycorrhizal mycelium in controlling plant communities and agroecosystem functioning Leake, Jonathan; Johnson, David; Donnelly, Damian Canadian Journal of Botany, Vol. 82, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1139/b04-060	journal	August 2004
Hydraulic lift: consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants Caldwell, Martyn M.; Dawson, Todd E.; Richards, James H. Oecologia, Vol. 113, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050363	journal	January 1998
Carbon storage and nutrient mobilization from soil minerals by deep roots and rhizospheres Callesen, Ingeborg; Harrison, Robert; Stupak, Inge Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 359 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.08.019	journal	January 2016
Streamside trees that do not use stream water Dawson, Todd E.; Ehleringer, James R. Nature, Vol. 350, Issue 6316 https://doi.org/10.1038/350335a0	journal	March 1991
Structure and function of mycorrhizal rhizomorphs with special reference to their role in water transport Duddridge, J. A.; Malibari, A.; Read, D. J. Nature, Vol. 287, Issue 5785 https://doi.org/10.1038/287834a0	journal	October 1980
Rhizosphere processes are quantitatively important components of terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycles Finzi, Adrien C.; Abramoff, Rose Z.; Spiller, Kimberly S. Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12816	journal	January 2015
Water source utilization by Pinus jeffreyi and Arctostaphylos patula on thin soils over bedrock K., Rose; R., Graham; D., Parker Oecologia, Vol. 134, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1084-4	journal	January 2003
On the maximum extent of tree roots Stone, E. L.; Kalisz, P. J. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 46, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(91)90245-Q	journal	December 1991
Ecohydrologic separation of water between trees and streams in a Mediterranean climate Renée Brooks, J.; Barnard, Holly R.; Coulombe, Rob Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo722	journal	December 2009
Ectomycorrhizas and water relations of trees: a review Lehto, Tarja; Zwiazek, Janusz J. Mycorrhiza, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-010-0348-9	journal	December 2010
A conceptual model of organo-mineral interactions in soils: self-assembly of organic molecular fragments into zonal structures on mineral surfaces Kleber, M.; Sollins, P.; Sutton, R. Biogeochemistry, Vol. 85, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9103-5	journal	June 2007
Exploring rock fissures: does a specialized root morphology explain endemism on granite outcrops? Poot, Pieter; Hopper, Stephen D.; van Diggelen, Josepha M. H. Annals of Botany, Vol. 110, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr322	journal	January 2012
The quasi-stationary state approximation to coupled mass transport and fluid-rock interaction in a porous medium Lichtner, Peter C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 52, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90063-4	journal	January 1988
Root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses together shape nutrient foraging strategies of temperate trees Chen, Weile; Koide, Roger T.; Adams, Thomas S. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601006113	journal	July 2016
Mapping ‘hydroscapes’ along the iso- to anisohydric continuum of stomatal regulation of plant water status Meinzer, Frederick C.; Woodruff, David R.; Marias, Danielle E. Ecology Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12670	journal	September 2016
Chemical weathering and chemical denudation dynamics through ecosystem development and disturbance: WEATHERING AND DENUDATION IN ECOSYSTEMS Balogh-Brunstad, Zsuzsanna; Keller, C. Kent; Bormann, Bernard T. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002957	journal	February 2008
Quantification of colloidal and aqueous element transfer in soils: The dual-phase mass balance model Bern, Carleton R.; Thompson, Aaron; Chadwick, Oliver A. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 151 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.12.008	journal	February 2015
A leaky model of long-term soil phosphorus dynamics: LONG-TERM SOIL PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS Boyle, John F.; Chiverrell, Richard C.; Norton, Stephen A. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20054	journal	June 2013
The contribution of glacial erosion to shaping the hidden landscape of East Antarctica Thomson, Stuart N.; Reiners, Peter W.; Hemming, Sidney R. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1722	journal	February 2013
Potential limitation of cryogenic vacuum extractions and spiked experiments: mineral mediated isotope fractionation Gaj, Marcel; Kaufhold, Stephan; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 31, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7850	journal	April 2017
Earthcasting the future Critical Zone Goddéris, Yves; Brantley, Susan L. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol. 1 https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000019	journal	December 2013
Concentration-discharge relationships reflect chemostatic characteristics of US catchments Godsey, Sarah E.; Kirchner, James W.; Clow, David W. Hydrological Processes, Vol. 23, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7315	journal	June 2009
Eroding Australia: rates and processes from Bega Valley to Arnhem Land Heimsath, Arjun M.; Chappell, John; Fifield, Keith Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Vol. 346, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1144/SP346.12	journal	January 2010
Tree root mounds and their role in transporting soil on forested landscapes: Tree root mounds Hoffman, Benjamin S. S.; Anderson, Robert S. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 39, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3470	journal	September 2013
Roles of weathered bedrock and soil in seasonal water relations of <i>Pinus Jeffreyi</i> and <i>Arctostaphylos patula</i> Hubbert, K. R.; Beyers, J. L.; Graham, R. C. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 31, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-31-11-1947	journal	January 2001
Investigating hydrologic connectivity and its association with threshold change in runoff response in a temperate forested watershed James, April L.; Roulet, Nigel T. Hydrological Processes, Vol. 21, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6554	journal	January 2007
Soil CO ₂ dynamics and fluxes as affected by tree harvest in an experimental sand ecosystem Keller, C. K.; White, T. M.; O'Brien, R. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue G3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000157	journal	January 2006
Diagenetic variation in the Oregon Coast Range: Implications for rock strength, soil production, hillslope form, and landscape evolution: ROCK VARIABILITY: FORM AND PROCESS Marshall, Jill A.; Roering, Joshua J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, Vol. 119, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF003004	journal	June 2014
Topographic perturbations of regional stresses and consequent bedrock fracturing Miller, Daniel J.; Dunne, Thomas Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 101, Issue B11 https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02531	journal	November 1996
Impact of desert dust on the biogeochemistry of phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems Okin, Gregory S.; Mahowald, Natalie; Chadwick, Oliver A. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002145	journal	April 2004
Intercomparison of soil pore water extraction methods for stable isotope analysis: Intercomparison of Soil Pore Water Extraction Methods Orlowski, Natalie; Pratt, Dyan L.; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. Hydrological Processes, Vol. 30, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10870	journal	June 2016
Tree Uprooting: Review of Types and Patterns of soil Disturbance Schaetzl, Randall J.; Burns, Scott F.; Small, Thomas W. Physical Geography, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1990.10642407	journal	July 1990
The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range Schmidt, K. M.; Roering, J. J.; Stock, J. D. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 38, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-38-5-995	journal	January 2001
Water sources used by riparian trees varies among stream types on the San Pedro River, Arizona Snyder, K. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 105, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00193-3	journal	November 2000
Refining understanding of hydrological connectivity in a boreal catchment: CONNECTIVITY IN A BOREAL CATCHMENT Spence, Christopher; Phillips, Ross W. Hydrological Processes, Vol. 29, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10270	journal	August 2014
Ecological Stoichiometry Sterner, Robert W.; Elser, James J. Princeton University Press https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400885695	book	December 2003
Hillslope-riparian-stream connectivity and flow directions at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed: Hillslope-Riparian-Stream Connectivity and Flow Directions at Panola van Meerveld, H. J.; Seibert, J.; Peters, N. E. Hydrological Processes, Vol. 29, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10508	journal	May 2015
The use of stable isotopes of water in characterising the source of water in vegetation Walker, C. D.; Richardson, S. B. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(91)90007-J	journal	December 1991
Regolith production and transport at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory, Part 2: Insights from meteoric ¹⁰ Be : METEORIC West, Nicole; Kirby, Eric; Bierman, Paul Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, Vol. 118, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20121	journal	September 2013
The ratios of sap in trees: Implications for water sources and tree ring ratios White, James W. C.; Cook, Edward R.; Lawrence, James R. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90207-8	journal	January 1985
The Ties that bind Luella, Zimmerman, Diane Michigan State University https://doi.org/10.25335/2xqs-n196	text	January 1996
Hillslope-riparian-stream connectivity and flow directions at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed Van Meerveld, H. J.; Seibert, Jan; Peters, Norman E. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-112587	text	January 2015
Walter's two-layer hypothesis revisited - back to the roots! Ward, D.; Wiegand, K.; Getzin, S. South African Journal of Botany, Vol. 86 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.02.016	journal	May 2013

Cited By (26)

Vegetation source water identification using isotopic and hydrometric observations from a subhumid mountain catchment Dwivedi, Ravindra; Eastoe, Christopher; Knowles, John F. Ecohydrology, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2167	journal	November 2019
Topographic variation in soil erosion and accumulation determined with meteoric ¹⁰ Be: Soil erosion and accumulation determined with meteoric 10Be Marquard, Julia; Aalto, Rolf E.; Barrows, Timothy T. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4483	journal	October 2018
Patterns in Soil Chemical Weathering Related to Topographic Gradients and Vegetation Structure in a High Andean Tropical Ecosystem Molina, Armando; Vanacker, Veerle; Corre, Marife D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, Vol. 124, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jf004856	journal	February 2019
Seasonal and Topographic Variations in Ecohydrological Separation Within a Small, Temperate, Snow‐Influenced Catchment Knighton, James; Souter‐Kline, Valessa; Volkmann, Till Water Resources Research, Vol. 55, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr025174	journal	August 2019
Pairing dual-frequency GPR in summer and winter enhances the detection and mapping of coarse roots in the semi-arid shrubland in China Cui, X.; Liu, X.; Cao, X. European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 71, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12858	journal	July 2019
Water fluxes mediated by vegetation: emerging isotopic insights at the soil and atmosphere interfaces Dubbert, Maren; Werner, Christiane New Phytologist, Vol. 221, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15547	journal	November 2018
Porosity production in weathered rock: Where volumetric strain dominates over chemical mass loss Hayes, Jorden L.; Riebe, Clifford S.; Holbrook, W. Steven Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao0834	journal	September 2019
Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks Richter, Daniel D.; Billings, Sharon A.; Groffman, Peter M. Biogeosciences, Vol. 15, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018	journal	January 2018
Designing a network of critical zone observatories to explore the living skin of the terrestrial Earth Brantley, Susan L.; McDowell, William H.; Dietrich, William E. Earth Surface Dynamics, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-841-2017	journal	January 2017
Sensitivity of young water fractions to hydro-climatic forcing and landscape properties across 22 Swiss catchments von Freyberg, Jana; Allen, Scott T.; Seeger, Stefan Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3841-2018	journal	January 2018
Water mining from the deep critical zone by apple trees growing on loess Li, Huijie; Si, Bingcheng; Wu, Pute Hydrological Processes, Vol. 33, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13346	journal	December 2018
Water within, moving through, and shaping the Earth's surface: Introducing a special issue on water in the critical zone Fan, Ying; Grant, Gordon; Anderson, Suzanne P. Hydrological Processes, Vol. 33, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13638	journal	August 2019
Biomechanical and biochemical effects recorded in the tree root zone – soil memory, historical contingency and soil evolution under trees Pawlik, Łukasz; Šamonil, Pavel Plant and Soil, Vol. 426, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3622-9	journal	March 2018
Soil-plant-atmosphere interactions: structure, function, and predictive scaling for climate change mitigation Silva, Lucas C. R.; Lambers, Hans Plant and Soil https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04427-1	journal	February 2020
Global analysis of streamflow response to forest management Evaristo, Jaivime; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. Nature, Vol. 570, Issue 7762 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1306-0	journal	June 2019
The Demographics of Water: A Review of Water Ages in the Critical Zone Sprenger, Matthias; Stumpp, Christine; Weiler, Markus ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000374956	text	January 2019
Ideas and perspectives: Tracing terrestrial ecosystem water fluxes using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes – challenges and opportunities from an interdisciplinary perspective Penna, Daniele; Hopp, Luisa; Scandellari, Francesca Biogeosciences, Vol. 15, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6399-2018	journal	January 2018
Bedrock fracture influences on geomorphic process and form across process domains and scales: Bedrock Fracture Influences on Geomorphology Scott, Daniel N.; Wohl, Ellen E. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4473	journal	August 2018
Impact of vegetation on erosion: Insights from the calibration and test of a landscape evolution model in alpine badland catchments Carriere, Alexandra; Le Bouteiller, Caroline; Tucker, Gregory E. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 45, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4741	journal	April 2020
Soil moisture response to rainfall on the Chinese Loess Plateau after a long-term vegetation rehabilitation Jin, Zhao; Guo, Li; Lin, Henry Hydrological Processes, Vol. 32, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13143	journal	June 2018
How Slow Rock Weathering Balances Nutrient Loss During Fast Forest Floor Turnover in Montane, Temperate Forest Ecosystems Uhlig, David; Blanckenburg, Friedhelm Von Freie Universität Berlin https://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-3913	text	January 2019
From engineering hydrology to Earth system science: milestones in the transformation of hydrologic science Sivapalan, Murugesu Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1665-2018	journal	January 2018
Mechanisms of consistently disjunct soil water pools over (pore) space and time Sprenger, Matthias; Llorens, Pilar; Cayuela, Carles Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 23, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2751-2019	journal	January 2019
Ideas and perspectives: Tracing terrestrial ecosystem water fluxes using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes - challenges and opportunities from an interdisciplinary perspective Penna, Daniele; Hopp, Luisa; Scandellari, Francesca ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000302384	text	January 2018
Water ages in the critical zone of long-term experimental sites in northern latitudes Sprenger, Matthias; Tetzlaff, Doerthe; Buttle, Jim Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3965-2018	journal	January 2018
Plant Water Use Strategy in Response to Spatial and Temporal Variation in Precipitation Patterns in China: A Stable Isotope Analysis Zhao, Ying; Wang, Li Forests, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/f9030123	journal	March 2018

Similar Records

Deeply Rooted: Evaluating Plant Rooting Depth as a Means for Enhanced Soil Carbon Sequestration (Full Technical Report)

Technical Report · Wed Nov 03 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · OSTI ID:1419619

Nuccio, Erin E.

Responses of vascular plant fine roots and associated microbial communities to whole‐ecosystem warming and elevated CO ₂ in northern peatlands

Journal Article · Thu Mar 21 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · New Phytologist · OSTI ID:1419619

Duchesneau, Katherine; Defrenne, Camille E.; Petro, Caitlin; +6 more

Selecting Metrics for Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstocks

Conference · Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2009 · OSTI ID:1419619

Dale, Virginia H; Kline, Keith L; Mulholland, Patrick J; +3 more

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
58 GEOSCIENCES
roots
weathering
hydrology
mycorrhiza

Title: Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

Citation Formats

References (217)

Cited By (26)

Similar Records

Related Subjects