Large-Scale Wind Disturbances Promote Tree Diversity in a Central Amazon Forest

Marra, Daniel Magnabosco; Chambers, Jeffrey Q.; Higuchi, Niro; Trumbore, Susan E.; Ribeiro, Gabriel H.  P.  M.; dos Santos, Joaquim; Negrón-Juárez, Robinson I.; Reu, Björn; Wirth, Christian

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103711

Title: Large-Scale Wind Disturbances Promote Tree Diversity in a Central Amazon Forest

Journal Article · Wed Aug 06 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · PLoS ONE

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103711· OSTI ID:1407249

Marra, Daniel Magnabosco ^[1]; Chambers, Jeffrey Q. ^[2]; Higuchi, Niro ^[3]; Trumbore, Susan E. ^[4]; Ribeiro, Gabriel H. P. M. ^[3]; dos Santos, Joaquim ^[3]; Negrón-Juárez, Robinson I. ^[5]; Reu, Björn ^[6]; Wirth, Christian ^[7]

Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity; Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany); National Inst. of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus (Brazil). Forest Management Lab.
National Inst. of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus (Brazil). Forest Management Lab.; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Geography Dept.; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Climate Sciences Dept.; Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA (United States). Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept.
National Inst. of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus (Brazil). Forest Management Lab.
Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany); National Inst. of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus (Brazil). Forest Management Lab.
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Climate Sciences Dept.; Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA (United States). Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept.
Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity
Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity; Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany); German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig (Germany)

Canopy gaps created by wind-throw events, or blowdowns, create a complex mosaic of forest patches varying in disturbance intensity and recovery in the Central Amazon. Using field and remote sensing data, we investigated the short-term (four-year) effects of large (>2000 m²) blowdown gaps created during a single storm event in January 2005 near Manaus, Brazil, to study (i) how forest structure and composition vary with disturbance gradients and (ii) whether tree diversity is promoted by niche differentiation related to wind-throw events at the landscape scale. In the forest area affected by the blowdown, tree mortality ranged from 0 to 70%, and was highest on plateaus and slopes. Less impacted areas in the region affected by the blowdown had overlapping characteristics with a nearby unaffected forest in tree density (583±46 trees ha^-1) (mean±99% Confidence Interval) and basal area (26.7±2.4 m² ha^-1). Highly impacted areas had tree density and basal area as low as 120 trees ha^-1 and 14.9 m² ha^-1, respectively. In general, these structural measures correlated negatively with an index of tree mortality intensity derived from satellite imagery. Four years after the blowdown event, differences in size-distribution, fraction of resprouters, floristic composition and species diversity still correlated with disturbance measures such as tree mortality and gap size. Our results suggest that the gradients of wind disturbance intensity encompassed in large blowdown gaps (>2000 m²) promote tree diversity. Specialists for particular disturbance intensities existed along the entire gradient. The existence of species or genera taking an intermediate position between undisturbed and gap specialists led to a peak of rarefied richness and diversity at intermediate disturbance levels. A diverse set of species differing widely in requirements and recruitment strategies forms the initial post-disturbance cohort, thus lending a high resilience towards wind disturbances at the community level.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); National Inst. of Science and Technology (INCT) of Madeira of the Amazon (Brazil); Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry (Germany)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; 473357/2012-7

OSTI ID:: 1407249

Journal Information:: PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 8; ISSN 1932-6203

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 62 works

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