Establishing nonlinearity thresholds with ultraintense X-ray pulses

Szlachetko, Jakub; Hoszowska, Joanna; Dousse, Jean-Claude; Nachtegaal, Maarten; Błachucki, Wojciech; Kayser, Yves; Sà, Jacinto; Messerschmidt, Marc; Boutet, Sebastien; Williams, Garth J.; David, Christian; Smolentsev, Grigory; van Bokhoven, Jeroen A.; Patterson, Bruce D.; Penfold, Thomas J.; Knopp, Gregor; Pajek, Marek; Abela, Rafael; Milne, Christopher J.

doi:10.1038/srep33292

Title: Establishing nonlinearity thresholds with ultraintense X-ray pulses

Journal Article · Tue Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33292· OSTI ID:1340403

Szlachetko, Jakub ^[1]; Hoszowska, Joanna ^[2]; Dousse, Jean-Claude ^[2]; Nachtegaal, Maarten ^[3]; Błachucki, Wojciech ^[2]; Kayser, Yves ^[3]; Sà, Jacinto ^[4]; Messerschmidt, Marc ^[5]; Boutet, Sebastien ^[6]; Williams, Garth J. ^[7]; David, Christian ^[3]; Smolentsev, Grigory ^[3]; van Bokhoven, Jeroen A. ^[8]; Patterson, Bruce D. ^[3]; Penfold, Thomas J. ^[3]; Knopp, Gregor ^[3]; Pajek, Marek ^[9]; Abela, Rafael ^[3]; Milne, Christopher J. ^[3]

Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland); Jan Kochanowski Univ., Kielce (Poland). Inst. of Physics
Univ. of Fribourg, Fribourg (Switzerland)
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)
Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw (Poland). Inst. of Physical Chemistry
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS); National Science Foundation BioXFEL Science and Technology Center (STC), Buffalo, NY (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland); Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering
Jan Kochanowski Univ., Kielce (Poland). Inst. of Physics

X-ray techniques have evolved over decades to become highly refined tools for a broad range of investigations. Importantly, these approaches rely on X-ray measurements that depend linearly on the number of incident X-ray photons. The advent of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) is opening the ability to reach extremely high photon numbers within ultrashort X-ray pulse durations and is leading to a paradigm shift in our ability to explore nonlinear X-ray signals. However, the enormous increase in X-ray peak power is a double-edged sword with new and exciting methods being developed but at the same time well-established techniques proving unreliable. Consequently, accurate knowledge about the threshold for nonlinear X-ray signals is essential. Here in this paper we report an X-ray spectroscopic study that reveals important details on the thresholds for nonlinear X-ray interactions. By varying both the incident X-ray intensity and photon energy, we establish the regimes at which the simplest nonlinear process, two-photon X-ray absorption (TPA), can be observed. From these measurements we can extract the probability of this process as a function of photon energy and confirm both the nature and sub-femtosecond lifetime of the virtual intermediate electronic state.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); National Science Centre, Poland

Grant/Contract Number:: SC00112704; AC02-76SF00515; 135040; 2015/19/B/ST2/00931

OSTI ID:: 1340403

Report Number(s):: BNL-113187-2016-JA

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Vol. 6; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 38 works

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