Multiple Redox Modes in the Reversible Lithiation of High-Capacity, Peierls-Distorted Vanadium Sulfide

Britto, Sylvia; Leskes, Michal; Hua, Xiao; Hébert, Claire-Alice; Shin, Hyeon Suk; Clarke, Simon; Borkiewicz, Olaf; Chapman, Karena W.; Seshadri, Ram; Cho, Jaephil; Grey, Clare P.

doi:10.1021/jacs.5b03395

Title: Multiple Redox Modes in the Reversible Lithiation of High-Capacity, Peierls-Distorted Vanadium Sulfide

Journal Article · Mon Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b03395· OSTI ID:1254008

Britto, Sylvia ^[1]; Leskes, Michal ^[1]; Hua, Xiao ^[1]; Hébert, Claire-Alice ^[2]; Shin, Hyeon Suk ^[3]; Clarke, Simon ^[4]; Borkiewicz, Olaf ^[5]; Chapman, Karena W. ^[5]; Seshadri, Ram ^[6]; Cho, Jaephil ^[7]; Grey, Clare P. ^[1]

Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Ulsan National Inst. of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan (Korea)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Mitsubishi Chemicals Center for Advanced Materials Research Laboratory
Ulsan National Inst. of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan (Korea). Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy

Vanadium sulfide VS₄ in the patronite mineral structure, is a linear chain compound comprising vanadium atoms coordinated by disulfide anions [S₂]^2–. ⁵¹V NMR shows that the material, despite having V formally in the d¹ configuration, is diamagnetic, suggesting potential dimerization through metal-metal bonding associated with a Peierls distortion of the linear chains. This is supported by density functional calculations, and is also consistent with the observed alternation in V-V distances of 2.8 Å and 3.2 Å along the chains. Partial lithiation results in reduction of the disulfide ions to sulfide S^2–, including via an internal redox process whereby an electron from V⁴⁺ is transferred to [S₂]^2– resulting in oxidation of V⁴⁺ to V⁵⁺ and reduction of the [S₂]^2– to S^2- to form Li₃VS₄ containing tetrahedral [VS₄]^3– anions. On further lithiation this is followed by reduction of the V⁵⁺ in Li₃VS₄ to form Li_3+xVS₄ (x=0.5-1), a mixed valent V⁴⁺/V⁵⁺ compound. Eventually reduction to Li₂S plus elemental V occurs. Despite the complex redox processes involving both the cation and the anion occurring in this material, the system is found to be partially reversible between 0 and 3 V. In conclusion, the unusual redox processes in this system are elucidated using a suite of short range characterization tools including ⁵¹V Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), S Kedge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) and Pair Distribution Function (PDF) Analysis of X-ray data.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; NSF CNS-0960316; DMR-1121053

OSTI ID:: 1254008

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 26; ISSN 0002-7863

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 107 works

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
lithium-ion battery
conversion mechanism
peierls distortion

Title: Multiple Redox Modes in the Reversible Lithiation of High-Capacity, Peierls-Distorted Vanadium Sulfide

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