Spin-Induced Polarizations and Nonreciprocal Directional Dichroism of the Room-Temperature Multiferroic BiFeO3

Fishman, Randy Scott; Lee, Jun Hee; Bordacs, Sandor; Kezsmarki, Istvan; Nagel, Urmas; Room, Toomas

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.92.094422

Title: Spin-Induced Polarizations and Nonreciprocal Directional Dichroism of the Room-Temperature Multiferroic BiFeO₃

Journal Article · Mon Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.094422· OSTI ID:1214507

Fishman, Randy Scott ^[1]; Lee, Jun Hee ^[1]; Bordacs, Sandor ^[2]; Kezsmarki, Istvan ^[2]; Nagel, Urmas ^[3]; Room, Toomas ^[3]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Budapest Univ. of Technology and Economics (Hungary)
National Inst. of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (Estonia)

A microscopic model for the room-temperature multiferroic BiFeO₃ that includes two Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and single-ion anisotropy along the ferroelectric polarization predicts both the zero-field spectroscopic modes as well as their splitting and evolution in a magnetic field. Due to simultaneously broken time-reversal and spatial-inversion symmetries, the absorption of light changes as the magnetic field or the direction of light propagation is reversed. We discuss three physical mechanisms that may contribute to this absorption asymmetry known as directional dichroism: the spin current, magnetostriction, and single-ion anisotropy. We conclude that the directional dichroism in BiFeO₃ is dominated by the spin-current polarization and is insensitive to the magnetostriction and easy-axis anisotropy. With three independent spin-current parameters, our model accurately describes the directional dichroism observed for magnetic field along [1, -1, 0]. Since some modes are almost transparent to light traveling in one direction but opaque for light traveling in the opposite direction, BiFeO₃ can be used as a room-temperature optical diode at certain frequencies in the GHz to THz range. This work demonstrates that an analysis of the directional dichroism spectra based on an effective spin model supplemented by first-principles calculations can produce a quantitative microscopic theory of the magnetoelectric couplings in multiferroic materials.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1214507

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1215750

Journal Information:: Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, Vol. 92, Issue 9; ISSN 1098-0121

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 25 works

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