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Title: Comparative analysis of various CO2 configurations in supermarket refrigeration systems

Journal Article · · International Journal of Refrigeration
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
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Our paper presents an analysis of various CO2 transcritical and cascade/secondary loop refrigeration systems that are becoming popular in supermarket applications with the objective of optimizing the operating parameters of these systems. In addition, the performance of selected CO2-based refrigeration systems is compared to the baseline R404A multiplex direct expansion system using bin analyses in the eight climate zones of the United States. Moreover, for the refrigeration systems investigated, it was found that the Transcritical Booster System with Bypass Compressor (TBS-BC) had the lowest energy consumption for ambient temperatures (Tamb) less than 8 °C, and for higher ambient temperatures the R404A direct expansion system was found to have the lowest energy consumption. Finally, the TBS-BC performs equivalent to or better than the R404A direct expansion system in the northern two-thirds of the US. For the southern portion of the US, the R404A multiplex DX system performs better than CO2 systems.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1185346
Journal Information:
International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 46, Issue C; ISSN 0140-7007
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 82 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (8)

A review – Status of CO2 as a low temperature refrigerant: Fundamentals and R&D opportunities journal August 2012
Control optimisation of CO2 cycles for medium temperature retail food refrigeration systems journal September 2009
Thermodynamic analysis of an R744–R717 cascade refrigeration system journal January 2008
Commercial refrigeration system using CO2 as the refrigerant journal November 2004
Determination of the optimum high pressure for transcritical CO2-refrigeration cycles journal April 1999
Fundamental process and system design issues in CO2 vapor compression systems journal January 2004
Performance optimization of transcritical CO2 cycle with parallel compression economization journal May 2010
Theoretical evaluation of trans-critical CO2 systems in supermarket refrigeration. Part I: Modeling, simulation and optimization of two system solutions journal May 2008

Cited By (5)

Performance Evaluation of a CO2 Refrigeration System Enhanced with a Dew Point Cooler journal March 2019
CO2 Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems—A Comprehensive Review journal August 2019
Thermodynamic analysis of novel heat pump cycles for drying process with large temperature lift journal March 2019
An Object-Oriented R744 Two-Phase Ejector Reduced-Order Model for Dynamic Simulations journal April 2019
Energy Evaluation of Multiple Stage Commercial Refrigeration Architectures Adapted to F-Gas Regulation journal July 2018

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Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
Refrigeration
Transcritical booster system
Cascade system
Secondary loop system
Carbon dioxide
Thermodynamics