What are hot and what are not in an urban landscape: quantifying and explaining the land surface temperature pattern in Beijing, China

Kuang, Wenhui; Liu, Yue; Dou, Yinyin; Chi, Wenfeng; Chen, Guangsheng; Gao, Chengfeng; Yang, Tianrong; Liu, Jiyuan; Zhang, Renhua

doi:10.1007/s10980-014-0128-6

Title: What are hot and what are not in an urban landscape: quantifying and explaining the land surface temperature pattern in Beijing, China

Journal Article · Sat Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Landscape Ecology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0128-6· OSTI ID:1265294

Kuang, Wenhui ^[1]; Liu, Yue ^[1]; Dou, Yinyin ^[2]; Chi, Wenfeng ^[1]; Chen, Guangsheng ^[3]; Gao, Chengfeng ^[4]; Yang, Tianrong ^[1]; Liu, Jiyuan ^[1]; Zhang, Renhua ^[1]

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
Beijing Normal University, Beijing (China)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang (China)

Understanding how landscape components affect the urban heat islands is crucial for urban ecological planning and sustainable development. The purpose of this research was to quantify the spatial pattern of land surface temperatures (LSTs) and associated heat fluxes in relation to land-cover types in Beijing, China, using portable infrared thermometers, thermal infrared imagers, and the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer. The spatial differences and the relationships between LSTs and the hierarchical landscape structure were analyzed with in situ observations of surface radiation and heat fluxes. Large LST differences were found among various land-use/land-cover types, urban structures, and building materials. Within the urban area, the mean LST of urban impervious surfaces was about 6–12°C higher than that of the urban green space. LSTs of built-up areas were on average 3–6°C higher than LSTs of rural areas. The observations for surface radiation and heat fluxes indicated that the differences were caused by different fractions of sensible heat or latent heat flux in net radiation. LSTs decreased with increasing elevation and normalized difference vegetation index. Variations in building materials and urban structure significantly influenced the spatial pattern of LSTs in urban areas. By contrast, elevation and vegetation cover are the major determinants of the LST pattern in rural areas. In summary, to alleviate urban heat island intensity, urban planners and policy makers should pay special attention to the selection of appropriate building materials, the reasonable arrangement of urban structures, and the rational design of landscape components.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1265294

Journal Information:: Landscape Ecology, Vol. 30, Issue 2; ISSN 0921-2973

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 124 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (44)

Spatial patterns and driving forces of land use change in China during the early 21st century Liu, Jiyuan; Zhang, Zengxiang; Xu, Xinliang Journal of Geographical Sciences, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-010-0483-4	journal	June 2010
Satellite-derived land surface temperature: Current status and perspectives Li, Zhao-Liang; Tang, Bo-Hui; Wu, Hua Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 131 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.008	journal	April 2013
Spatio-temporal patterns of intra-urban land use change in Beijing, China between 1984 and 2008 Kuang, Wenhui Chinese Geographical Science, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-012-0529-x	journal	March 2012
Thermal infrared remote sensing for analysis of landscape ecological processes: methods and applications Quattrochi, Dale A.; Luvall, Jeffrey C. Landscape Ecology, Vol. 14, Issue 6, p. 577-598 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008168910634	journal	December 1999
Spatial pattern of impervious surfaces and their impacts on land surface temperature in Beijing, China Xiao, Rong-bo; Ouyang, Zhi-yun; Zheng, Hua Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60041-2	journal	February 2007
Evaluating impervious surface growth and its impacts on water environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area Kuang, Wenhui Journal of Geographical Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-012-0945-y	journal	June 2012
Surface temperature and emissivity at various scales: Definition, measurement and related problems Becker, François; Li, Zhao‐Liang Remote Sensing Reviews, Vol. 12, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1080/02757259509532286	journal	January 1995
A practical split‐window algorithm for retrieving land‐surface temperature from MODIS data Mao, K.; Qin, Z.; Shi, J. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 26, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160500044713	journal	August 2005
Urban sustainability: an inevitable goal of landscape research Wu, Jianguo Landscape Ecology, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9444-7	journal	December 2009
Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland Twine, T. E.; Kustas, W. P.; Norman, J. M. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 103, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00123-4	journal	June 2000
A hierarchical patch mosaic ecosystem model for urban landscapes: Model development and evaluation Zhang, Chi; Wu, Jianguo; Grimm, Nancy B. Ecological Modelling, Vol. 250 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.09.020	journal	February 2013
Estimation of land surface temperature–vegetation abundance relationship for urban heat island studies Weng, Qihao; Lu, Dengsheng; Schubring, Jacquelyn Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 89, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.005	journal	February 2004
Does spatial configuration matter? Understanding the effects of land cover pattern on land surface temperature in urban landscapes Zhou, Weiqi; Huang, Ganlin; Cadenasso, Mary L. Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 102, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.03.009	journal	July 2011
Simulating dynamic urban expansion at regional scale in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area Kuang, Wenhui Journal of Geographical Sciences, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-011-0847-4	journal	April 2011
Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer Webb, E. K.; Pearman, G. I.; Leuning, R. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 106, Issue 447, p. 85-100 https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710644707	journal	January 1980
Satellite-measured growth of the urban heat island of Houston, Texas Streutker, D. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 85, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00007-5	journal	May 2003
Variability of emissivity and surface temperature over a sparsely vegetated surface Humes, K. S.; Kustas, W. P.; Moran, M. S. Water Resources Research, Vol. 30, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR03065	journal	May 1994
Spatial variability of land surface emissivity in the thermal infrared band: Spectral signature and effective surface temperature☆ Labed, J.; Stoll, M. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 38, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(91)90068-H	journal	October 1991
Urban Heat Island Modeling in Conjunction with Satellite-Derived Surface/Soil Parameters Hafner, Jan; Kidder, Stanley Q. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 38, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0448:UHIMIC>2.0.CO;2	journal	April 1999
Spatial pattern of greenspace affects land surface temperature: evidence from the heavily urbanized Beijing metropolitan area, China Li, Xiaoma; Zhou, Weiqi; Ouyang, Zhiyun Landscape Ecology, Vol. 27, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-012-9731-6	journal	March 2012
Beijing Urban Spatial Distribution and Resulting Impacts on Heat Islands Ouyang, Z.; Xiao, R. B.; Schienke, E. W. Landscape Ecological Applications in Man-Influenced Areas https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5488-2_27	book	January 2008
Landscape configuration and urban heat island effects: assessing the relationship between landscape characteristics and land surface temperature in Phoenix, Arizona Connors, John Patrick; Galletti, Christopher S.; Chow, Winston T. L. Landscape Ecology, Vol. 28, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-012-9833-1	journal	December 2012
Spatiotemporal dynamics of impervious surface areas across China during the early 21st century Kuang, WenHui; Liu, JiYuan; Zhang, ZengXiang Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol. 58, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5568-2	journal	December 2012
Indices of landscape pattern O'Neill, R. V.; Krummel, J. R.; Gardner, R. H. Landscape Ecology, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00162741	journal	May 1988
Urban ecology and sustainability: The state-of-the-science and future directions Wu, Jianguo Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.018	journal	May 2014
Effects of Forest Regrowth and Urbanization on Ecosystem Carbon Storage in a Rural–Urban Gradient in the Southeastern United States Zhang, Chi; Tian, Hanqin; Pan, Shufen Ecosystems, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-0126-x	journal	August 2007
Global Change and the Ecology of Cities Grimm, N. B.; Faeth, S. H.; Golubiewski, N. E. Science, Vol. 319, Issue 5864 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150195	journal	February 2008
Heat storage of pavement and its effect on the lower atmosphere Asaeda, Takashi; Ca, Vu Thanh; Wake, Akio Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 30, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00140-5	journal	February 1996
Landscape sustainability science: ecosystem services and human well-being in changing landscapes Wu, Jianguo Landscape Ecology, Vol. 28, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-013-9894-9	journal	April 2013
Heat fluxes through roofs and their relevance to estimates of urban heat storage Meyn, Stephanie K.; Oke, T. R. Energy and Buildings, Vol. 41, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.02.005	journal	July 2009
Thermal remote sensing of urban climates Voogt, J. A.; Oke, T. R. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 86, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00079-8	journal	August 2003
Urban heat islands and landscape heterogeneity: linking spatiotemporal variations in surface temperatures to land-cover and socioeconomic patterns Buyantuyev, Alexander; Wu, Jianguo Landscape Ecology, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9402-4	journal	September 2009
Urban ecological systems: Scientific foundations and a decade of progress Pickett, S. T. A.; Cadenasso, M. L.; Grove, J. M. Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 92, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.022	journal	March 2011
Measurements of evapotranspiration from eddy-covariance systems and large aperture scintillometers in the Hai River Basin, China Liu, S. M.; Xu, Z. W.; Zhu, Z. L. Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 487 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.025	journal	April 2013
Passive cooling of outdoor urban spaces. The role of materials Doulos, L.; Santamouris, M.; Livada, I. Solar Energy, Vol. 77, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.04.005	journal	January 2004
Relationships between land cover and the surface urban heat island: seasonal variability and effects of spatial and thematic resolution of land cover data on predicting land surface temperatures Zhou, Weiqi; Qian, Yuguo; Li, Xiaoma Landscape Ecology, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-013-9950-5	journal	December 2013
Interdecadal Changes of Temperature in the Beijing Region and its Heat Island Effect Lin, Xue-Chun; Yu, Shu-Qiu Chinese Journal of Geophysics, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.624	journal	January 2005
The Role of Rural Variability in Urban Heat Island Determination for Phoenix, Arizona Hawkins, Timothy W.; Brazel, Anthony J.; Stefanov, William L. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 43, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0476:TRORVI>2.0.CO;2	journal	April 2004
Validation of the land-surface temperature products retrieved from Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data Wan, Zhengming; Zhang, Yulin; Zhang, Qincheng Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 83, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00093-7	journal	November 2002
Land Surface Temperature Variation and Major Factors in Beijing, China Xiao, Rongbo; Weng, Qihao; Ouyang, Zhiyun Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.74.4.451	journal	April 2008
Impacts of landscape structure on surface urban heat islands: A case study of Shanghai, China Li, Junxiang; Song, Conghe; Cao, Lu Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 115, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.07.008	journal	December 2011
An analysis of an urban heat sink Carnahan, Walter H.; Larson, Robert C. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 33, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(90)90056-R	journal	July 1990
A comparative analysis of megacity expansions in China and the U.S.: Patterns, rates and driving forces Kuang, Wenhui; Chi, Wenfeng; Lu, Dengsheng Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.08.015	journal	December 2014
Detecting urban landscape factors controlling seasonal land surface temperature: from the perspective of urban function zones Li, Tong; Xu, Ying; Yao, Lei Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 28, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13695-y	journal	March 2021

Cited By (26)

A hierarchical analysis of the relationship between urban impervious surfaces and land surface temperatures: spatial scale dependence, temporal variations, and bioclimatic modulation Ma, Qun; Wu, Jianguo; He, Chunyang Landscape Ecology, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-016-0356-z	journal	March 2016
Relationships between landscape pattern metrics, vertical structure and surface urban Heat Island formation in a Colorado suburb Gage, Edward A.; Cooper, David J. Urban Ecosystems, Vol. 20, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-017-0675-0	journal	May 2017
Remote sensing-based artificial surface cover classification in Asia and spatial pattern analysis Kuang, WenHui; Chen, LiJun; Liu, JiYuan Science China Earth Sciences, Vol. 59, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5295-7	journal	April 2016
New Evidences on Anomalous Phenomenon of Buildings in Regulating Urban Climate From Observations in Beijing, China Kuang, Wenhui Earth and Space Science, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ea000542	journal	May 2019
Strong contributions of local background climate to the cooling effect of urban green vegetation Yu, Zhaowu; Xu, Shaobin; Zhang, Yuhan Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25296-w	journal	May 2018
Detection of spatial-temporal variations in forest canopy surface temperature in response to urbanization: a case study from Longyan, China Wu, Zhifeng; Man, Wang; Ren, Yin Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Vol. 63, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1661227	journal	October 2019
Examining the impacts of urbanization on surface radiation using Landsat imagery Kuang, Wenhui; Liu, Ailin; Dou, Yinyin GIScience & Remote Sensing, Vol. 56, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2018.1508931	journal	August 2018
Urban expansion patterns of 291 Chinese cities, 1990–2015 Huang, Xin; Xia, Jiahao; Xiao, Rui International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2017.1395090	journal	November 2017
Analytical study of land surface temperature with NDVI and NDBI using Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS data in Florence and Naples city, Italy Guha, Subhanil; Govil, Himanshu; Dey, Anindita European Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2018.1474494	journal	January 2018
Spatio-temporal analysis of land use dynamics and its potential indications on land surface temperature in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria Ogunjobi, K. O.; Adamu, Y.; Akinsanola, A. A. Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180661	journal	December 2018
Vegetation role in controlling the ecoenvironmental conditions for sustainable urban environments: a comparison of Beijing and Islamabad Naeem, Shahid; Cao, Chunxiang; Waqar, Mirza Muhammad Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Vol. 12, Issue 01 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jrs.12.016013	journal	January 2018
Analytical study of seasonal variability in land surface temperature with normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference water index, normalized difference built-up index, and normalized multiband drought index Guha, Subhanil; Govil, Himanshu; Diwan, Prabhat Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Vol. 13, Issue 02, p. 1 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jrs.13.024518	journal	May 2019
Changing Trends in Meteorological Elements and Reference Evapotranspiration in a Mega City: A Case Study in Shenzhen City, China Liu, Haijun; Zhang, Xian; Zhang, Liwei Advances in Meteorology, Vol. 2015 https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/324502	journal	January 2015
Overestimating Impacts of Urbanization on Regional Temperatures in Developing Megacity: Beijing as an Example Cao, Wei; Huang, Lin; Liu, Lulu Advances in Meteorology, Vol. 2019 https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3985715	journal	February 2019
Nature-Based Designs to Mitigate Urban Heat: The Efficacy of Green Infrastructure Treatments in Portland, Oregon Makido, Yasuyo; Hellman, Dana; Shandas, Vivek Atmosphere, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10050282	journal	May 2019
Analysis of Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Relation to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): A Comparative Study of Delhi and Mumbai Grover, Aakriti; Singh, Ram Environments, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments2020125	journal	April 2015
Satellite Remote Sensing of Surface Urban Heat Islands: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives Zhou, Decheng; Xiao, Jingfeng; Bonafoni, Stefania Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010048	journal	December 2018
Remote Sensing and Social Sensing Data Reveal Scale-Dependent and System-Specific Strengths of Urban Heat Island Determinants Luan, Xiali; Yu, Zhaowu; Zhang, Yuting Remote Sensing, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030391	journal	January 2020
Research on the Contribution of Urban Land Surface Moisture to the Alleviation Effect of Urban Land Surface Heat Based on Landsat 8 Data Zhang, Yu; Chen, Longqian; Wang, Yuchen Remote Sensing, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70810737	journal	August 2015
Examining Urban Impervious Surface Distribution and Its Dynamic Change in Hangzhou Metropolis Li, Longwei; Lu, Dengsheng; Kuang, Wenhui Remote Sensing, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8030265	journal	March 2016
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover and Its Effects on Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat Data: A Case Study of Metropolitan City Tehran (1988–2018) Rousta, Iman; Sarif, Md; Gupta, Rajan Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124433	journal	November 2018
Seasonal and Diurnal Surface Temperatures of Urban Landscape Elements Loveday, Jane; Loveday, Grant; Byrne, Joshua J. Sustainability, Vol. 11, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195280	journal	September 2019
Detection of spatial-temporal variations in forest canopy surface temperature in response to urbanization: a case study from Longyan, China Wu, Zhifeng; Man, Wang; Ren, Yin Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.10115468.v1	text	January 2019
Urban expansion patterns of 291 Chinese cities, 1990–2015 Huang, Xin; Xia, Jiahao; Xiao, Rui Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5562478	text	January 2017
Detection of spatial-temporal variations in forest canopy surface temperature in response to urbanization: a case study from Longyan, China Wu, Zhifeng; Man, Wang; Ren, Yin Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.10115468	text	January 2019
Is Sensible Heat Flux Useful for the Assessment of Thermal Vulnerability in Seoul (Korea)? Kwon, You Jin; Lee, Dong Kun; Kwon, You Ha International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 17, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030963	journal	February 2020

Similar Records

The use of NOAA AVHRR data for assessment of the urban heat island effect

Journal Article · Sat May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1993 · Journal of Applied Meteorology; (United States) · OSTI ID:1265294

Gallo, K P; Tarpley, J D; McNab, A L; +3 more

Regional CO2 and latent heat surface fluxes in the Southern Great Plains: Measurements, modeling, and scaling

Journal Article · Sat Aug 15 00:00:00 EDT 2009 · Journal of Geophysical Research--Biogeosciences · OSTI ID:1265294

Riley, W J; Biraud, S C; Torn, M S; +3 more

Global mapping of urban thermal anisotropy reveals substantial potential biases for remotely sensed urban climates

Journal Article · Fri Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Science Bulletin · OSTI ID:1265294

Du, Huilin; Zhan, Wenfeng; Liu, Zihan; +9 more

Related Subjects

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
urban heat island
land surface temperature
urban landscape
land-use/land-cover
MODIS
portable infrared thermometer

Title: What are hot and what are not in an urban landscape: quantifying and explaining the land surface temperature pattern in Beijing, China

Citation Formats

References (44)

Cited By (26)

Similar Records

Related Subjects