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Title: Computational and empirical studies predict Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cells as a biomarker for infection outcome

Journal Article · · PLoS Computational Biology (Online)
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [2];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  2. Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  4. Univ. of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
  5. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

Identifying biomarkers for tuberculosis (TB) is an ongoing challenge in developing immunological correlates of infection outcome and protection. Biomarker discovery is also necessary for aiding design and testing of new treatments and vaccines. To effectively predict biomarkers for infection progression in any disease, including TB, large amounts of experimental data are required to reach statistical power and make accurate predictions. We took a two-pronged approach using both experimental and computational modeling to address this problem. We first collected 200 blood samples over a 2-year period from 28 non-human primates (NHP) infected with a low dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We identified T cells and the cytokines that they were producing (single and multiple) from each sample along with monkey status and infection progression data. Machine learning techniques were used to interrogate the experimental NHP datasets without identifying any potential TB biomarker. In parallel, we used our extensive novel NHP datasets to build and calibrate a multi-organ computational model that combines what is occurring at the site of infection (e.g., lung) at a single granuloma scale with blood level readouts that can be tracked in monkeys and humans. We then generated a large in silico repository of in silico granulomas coupled to lymph node and blood dynamics and developed an in silico tool to scale granuloma level results to a full host scale to identify what best predicts Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection outcomes. The analysis of in silico blood measures identifies Mtb-specific frequencies of effector T cell phenotypes at various time points post infection as promising indicators of infection outcome. As a result, we emphasize that pairing wetlab and computational approaches holds great promise to accelerate TB biomarker discovery.

Research Organization:
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSCC); National Science Foundation (Open Science Grid); National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1262275
Journal Information:
PLoS Computational Biology (Online), Vol. 12, Issue 4; ISSN 1553-7358
Publisher:
Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 23 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (13)

A Multi-Compartment Hybrid Computational Model Predicts Key Roles for Dendritic Cells in Tuberculosis Infection journal October 2016
The Role of Dimensionality in Understanding Granuloma Formation journal November 2018
CD 4 CD 8 Double Positive T cell responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in cynomolgus macaques journal February 2019
Dynamic balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals controls disease and limits pathology journal August 2018
Addressing diversity in tuberculosis using multidimensional approaches journal June 2018
PET CT Identifies Reactivation Risk in Cynomolgus Macaques with Latent M. tuberculosis journal July 2016
Comparing efficacies of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin in tuberculosis granulomas using a multi-scale systems pharmacology approach journal August 2017
Multiscale Agent-Based and Hybrid Modeling of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment journal January 2019
Deletion of TGF-β1 Increases Bacterial Clearance by Cytotoxic T Cells in a Tuberculosis Granuloma Model journal December 2017
Heterogeneity in tuberculosis journal July 2017
Integrating Non-human Primate, Human, and Mathematical Studies to Determine the Influence of BCG Timing on H56 Vaccine Outcomes journal August 2018
A computational model tracks whole-lung Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and predicts factors that inhibit dissemination journal May 2020
Do Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold Values Provide Information about Patient Delays for Tuberculosis Diagnosis? journal September 2016