The role of interparticle heterogeneities in the selenization pathway of Cu-Zn-Sn-S nanoparticle thin films: A real-time study

Carter, Nathaniel J.; Mainz, Roland; Walker, Bryce C.; Hages, Charles J.; Just, Justus; Klaus, Manuela; Schmidt, Sebastian S.; Weber, Alfons; Yang, Wei -Chang D.; Zander, Ole; Stach, Eric A.; Unold, Thomas; Agrawal, Rakesh

doi:10.1039/C5TC01139F

Title: The role of interparticle heterogeneities in the selenization pathway of Cu-Zn-Sn-S nanoparticle thin films: A real-time study

Journal Article · Wed Jun 10 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Materials Chemistry C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC01139F· OSTI ID:1214519

Carter, Nathaniel J. ^[1]; Mainz, Roland ^[2]; Walker, Bryce C. ^[1]; Hages, Charles J. ^[1]; Just, Justus ^[2]; Klaus, Manuela ^[2]; Schmidt, Sebastian S. ^[2]; Weber, Alfons ^[2]; Yang, Wei -Chang D. ^[1]; Zander, Ole ^[3]; Stach, Eric A. ^[4]; Unold, Thomas ^[2]; Agrawal, Rakesh ^[1]

Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, Berlin (Germany)
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), (Germany). German Research Centre for Materials and Energy
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Real-time energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXRD) analysis has been utilized to observe the selenization of Cu-Zn-Sn-S nanoparticle films coated from three nanoparticle populations: Cu- and Sn-rich particles roughly 5 nm in size, Zn-rich nanoparticles ranging from 10 to 20 nm in diameter, and a mixture of both types of nanoparticles (roughly 1:1 by mass), which corresponds to a synthesis recipe yielding CZTSSe solar cells with reported total-area efficiencies as high as 7.9%. The EDXRD studies presented herein show that the formation of copper selenide intermediates during the selenization of mixed-particle films can be primarily attributed to the small, Cu- and Sn-rich particles. Moreover, the formation of these copper selenide phases represents the first stage of the CZTSSe grain growth mechanism. The large, Zn-rich particles subsequently contribute their composition to form micrometer-sized CZTSSe grains. In conclusion, these findings enable further development of a previously proposed selenization pathway to account for the roles of interparticle heterogeneities, which in turn provides a valuable guide for future optimization of processes to synthesize high quality CZTSSe absorber layers.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC00112704

OSTI ID:: 1214519

Report Number(s):: BNL-108311-2015-JA; KC0403020

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 3, Issue 27; ISSN 2050-7526

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 17 works

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