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Title: The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra at 98 and 150 GHz

Abstract

In this paper, we present the temperature and polarization angular power spectra of the CMB measured by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 5400 deg2 of the 2013–2016 survey, which covers >15000 deg2 at 98 and 150 GHz. For this analysis we adopt a blinding strategy to help avoid confirmation bias and, related to this, show numerous checks for systematic error done before unblinding. Using the likelihood for the cosmological analysis we constrain secondary sources of anisotropy and foreground emission, and derive a “CMB-only” spectrum that extends to $$\ell$$ = 4000. At large angular scales, foreground emission at 150 GHz is ~1% of TT and EE within our selected regions and consistent with that found by Planck. Using the same likelihood, we obtain the cosmological parameters for ΛCDM for the ACT data alone with a prior on the optical depth of τ = 0.065 ± 0.015. ΛCDM is a good fit. The best-fit model has a reduced $$\chi ^2$$ of 1.07 (PTE = 0.07) with H0 = 67.9 ± 1.5 km/s/Mpc. We show that the lensing BB signal is consistent with ΛCDM and limit the celestial EB polarization angle to $$ψ_P$$ = -0.07° ±0.09°. We directly cross correlate ACT with Planck and observe generally good agreement but with some discrepancies in TE. All data on which this analysis is based will be publicly released.

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Contributing Org.:
The ACT Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
2205344
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1647058; OSTI ID: 1762223; OSTI ID: 1779174
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-20-384-AE; arXiv:2007.07289
Journal ID: ISSN 1475-7516
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0020441; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 2020; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1475-7516
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; CMBR experiments; CMBR polarisation; cosmological parameters from CMBR

Citation Formats

Choi, Steve K., Hasselfield, Matthew, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Koopman, Brian, Lungu, Marius, Abitbol, Maximilian H., Addison, Graeme E., Ade, Peter R., Aiola, Simone, Alonso, David, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, Angile, Elio, Austermann, Jason E., Baildon, Taylor, Battaglia, Nick, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Becker, Daniel T., Bond, J. Richard, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Campusano, Luis E., Carrero, Felipe, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Clark, Susan E., Cothard, Nicholas F., Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin T., Darwish, Omar, Datta, Rahul, Denison, Edward V., Devlin, Mark J., Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fankhanel, Max, Ferraro, Simone, Fox, Anna E., Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Grace, Emily, Gralla, Megan, Guan, Yilun, Hall, Kirsten, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Infante, Leopoldo, Irwin, Kent, Jackson, Rebecca, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kosowsky, Arthur, Lakey, Vincent, Li, Dale, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, MacInnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marsden, Danica, Maurin, Loïc, McMahon, Jeff, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morton, Tim, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nibarger, John P., Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Sherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pappas, Christine G., Partridge, Bruce, Phakathi, Phumlani, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Qu, Frank J., Rivera, Jesus, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D., Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Simon, Sara, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason, Storer, Emilie, Sunder, Dhaneshwar D., Switzer, Eric R., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Vale, Leila R., Engelen, Alexander Van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jonathan T., Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zhu, Ningfeng. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra at 98 and 150 GHz. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2020/12/045.
Choi, Steve K., Hasselfield, Matthew, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Koopman, Brian, Lungu, Marius, Abitbol, Maximilian H., Addison, Graeme E., Ade, Peter R., Aiola, Simone, Alonso, David, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, Angile, Elio, Austermann, Jason E., Baildon, Taylor, Battaglia, Nick, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Becker, Daniel T., Bond, J. Richard, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Campusano, Luis E., Carrero, Felipe, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Clark, Susan E., Cothard, Nicholas F., Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin T., Darwish, Omar, Datta, Rahul, Denison, Edward V., Devlin, Mark J., Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fankhanel, Max, Ferraro, Simone, Fox, Anna E., Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Grace, Emily, Gralla, Megan, Guan, Yilun, Hall, Kirsten, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Infante, Leopoldo, Irwin, Kent, Jackson, Rebecca, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kosowsky, Arthur, Lakey, Vincent, Li, Dale, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, MacInnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marsden, Danica, Maurin, Loïc, McMahon, Jeff, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morton, Tim, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nibarger, John P., Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Sherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pappas, Christine G., Partridge, Bruce, Phakathi, Phumlani, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Qu, Frank J., Rivera, Jesus, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D., Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Simon, Sara, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason, Storer, Emilie, Sunder, Dhaneshwar D., Switzer, Eric R., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Vale, Leila R., Engelen, Alexander Van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jonathan T., Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, & Zhu, Ningfeng. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra at 98 and 150 GHz. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/12/045
Choi, Steve K., Hasselfield, Matthew, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Koopman, Brian, Lungu, Marius, Abitbol, Maximilian H., Addison, Graeme E., Ade, Peter R., Aiola, Simone, Alonso, David, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, Angile, Elio, Austermann, Jason E., Baildon, Taylor, Battaglia, Nick, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Becker, Daniel T., Bond, J. Richard, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Campusano, Luis E., Carrero, Felipe, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Clark, Susan E., Cothard, Nicholas F., Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin T., Darwish, Omar, Datta, Rahul, Denison, Edward V., Devlin, Mark J., Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fankhanel, Max, Ferraro, Simone, Fox, Anna E., Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Grace, Emily, Gralla, Megan, Guan, Yilun, Hall, Kirsten, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Infante, Leopoldo, Irwin, Kent, Jackson, Rebecca, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kosowsky, Arthur, Lakey, Vincent, Li, Dale, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, MacInnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marsden, Danica, Maurin, Loïc, McMahon, Jeff, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morton, Tim, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nibarger, John P., Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Sherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pappas, Christine G., Partridge, Bruce, Phakathi, Phumlani, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Qu, Frank J., Rivera, Jesus, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D., Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Simon, Sara, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason, Storer, Emilie, Sunder, Dhaneshwar D., Switzer, Eric R., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Vale, Leila R., Engelen, Alexander Van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jonathan T., Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zhu, Ningfeng. Wed . "The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra at 98 and 150 GHz". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/12/045. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2205344.
@article{osti_2205344,
title = {The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra at 98 and 150 GHz},
author = {Choi, Steve K. and Hasselfield, Matthew and Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty and Koopman, Brian and Lungu, Marius and Abitbol, Maximilian H. and Addison, Graeme E. and Ade, Peter R. and Aiola, Simone and Alonso, David and Amiri, Mandana and Amodeo, Stefania and Angile, Elio and Austermann, Jason E. and Baildon, Taylor and Battaglia, Nick and Beall, James A. and Bean, Rachel and Becker, Daniel T. and Bond, J. Richard and Bruno, Sarah Marie and Calabrese, Erminia and Calafut, Victoria and Campusano, Luis E. and Carrero, Felipe and Chesmore, Grace E. and Cho, Hsiao-mei and Clark, Susan E. and Cothard, Nicholas F. and Crichton, Devin and Crowley, Kevin T. and Darwish, Omar and Datta, Rahul and Denison, Edward V. and Devlin, Mark J. and Duell, Cody J. and Duff, Shannon M. and Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. and Dunkley, Jo and Dünner, Rolando and Essinger-Hileman, Thomas and Fankhanel, Max and Ferraro, Simone and Fox, Anna E. and Fuzia, Brittany and Gallardo, Patricio A. and Gluscevic, Vera and Golec, Joseph E. and Grace, Emily and Gralla, Megan and Guan, Yilun and Hall, Kirsten and Halpern, Mark and Han, Dongwon and Hargrave, Peter and Henderson, Shawn and Hensley, Brandon and Hill, J. Colin and Hilton, Gene C. and Hilton, Matt and Hincks, Adam D. and Hložek, Renée and Hubmayr, Johannes and Huffenberger, Kevin M. and Hughes, John P. and Infante, Leopoldo and Irwin, Kent and Jackson, Rebecca and Klein, Jeff and Knowles, Kenda and Kosowsky, Arthur and Lakey, Vincent and Li, Dale and Li, Yaqiong and Li, Zack and Lokken, Martine and Louis, Thibaut and MacInnis, Amanda and Madhavacheril, Mathew and Maldonado, Felipe and Mallaby-Kay, Maya and Marsden, Danica and Maurin, Loïc and McMahon, Jeff and Menanteau, Felipe and Moodley, Kavilan and Morton, Tim and Naess, Sigurd and Namikawa, Toshiya and Nati, Federico and Newburgh, Laura and Nibarger, John P. and Nicola, Andrina and Niemack, Michael D. and Nolta, Michael R. and Orlowski-Sherer, John and Page, Lyman A. and Pappas, Christine G. and Partridge, Bruce and Phakathi, Phumlani and Prince, Heather and Puddu, Roberto and Qu, Frank J. and Rivera, Jesus and Robertson, Naomi and Rojas, Felipe and Salatino, Maria and Schaan, Emmanuel and Schillaci, Alessandro and Schmitt, Benjamin L. and Sehgal, Neelima and Sherwin, Blake D. and Sierra, Carlos and Sievers, Jon and Sifon, Cristobal and Sikhosana, Precious and Simon, Sara and Spergel, David N. and Staggs, Suzanne T. and Stevens, Jason and Storer, Emilie and Sunder, Dhaneshwar D. and Switzer, Eric R. and Thorne, Ben and Thornton, Robert and Trac, Hy and Treu, Jesse and Tucker, Carole and Vale, Leila R. and Engelen, Alexander Van and Lanen, Jeff Van and Vavagiakis, Eve M. and Wagoner, Kasey and Wang, Yuhan and Ward, Jonathan T. and Wollack, Edward J. and Xu, Zhilei and Zago, Fernando and Zhu, Ningfeng},
abstractNote = {In this paper, we present the temperature and polarization angular power spectra of the CMB measured by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 5400 deg2 of the 2013–2016 survey, which covers >15000 deg2 at 98 and 150 GHz. For this analysis we adopt a blinding strategy to help avoid confirmation bias and, related to this, show numerous checks for systematic error done before unblinding. Using the likelihood for the cosmological analysis we constrain secondary sources of anisotropy and foreground emission, and derive a “CMB-only” spectrum that extends to $\ell$ = 4000. At large angular scales, foreground emission at 150 GHz is ~1% of TT and EE within our selected regions and consistent with that found by Planck. Using the same likelihood, we obtain the cosmological parameters for ΛCDM for the ACT data alone with a prior on the optical depth of τ = 0.065 ± 0.015. ΛCDM is a good fit. The best-fit model has a reduced $\chi ^2$ of 1.07 (PTE = 0.07) with H0 = 67.9 ± 1.5 km/s/Mpc. We show that the lensing BB signal is consistent with ΛCDM and limit the celestial EB polarization angle to $ψ_P$ = -0.07° ±0.09°. We directly cross correlate ACT with Planck and observe generally good agreement but with some discrepancies in TE. All data on which this analysis is based will be publicly released.},
doi = {10.1088/1475-7516/2020/12/045},
journal = {Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics},
number = 12,
volume = 2020,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Dec 30 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Wed Dec 30 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}

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Self-Calibration of Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Experiments
journal, December 2012


Foreground-induced biases in CMB polarimeter self-calibration
journal, February 2016

  • Abitbol, Maximilian H.; Hill, J. Colin; Johnson, Bradley R.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 457, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw030

POLOCALC: A Novel Method to Measure the Absolute Polarization Orientation of the Cosmic Microwave Background
journal, May 2017

  • Nati, Federico; Devlin, Mark J.; Gerbino, Martina
  • Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, Vol. 06, Issue 02
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Simultaneous determination of the cosmic birefringence and miscalibrated polarization angles from CMB experiments
journal, August 2019

  • Minami, Yuto; Ochi, Hiroki; Ichiki, Kiyotomo
  • Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptz079

Limits on a Lorentz- and parity-violating modification of electrodynamics
journal, February 1990


Axion cosmology
journal, July 2016


Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Constraints on cosmic birefringence
journal, April 2020


Searching for anisotropic cosmic birefringence with polarization data from SPTpol
journal, October 2020


Planck 2018 results: XI. Polarized dust foregrounds
journal, September 2020


Planck 2018 results: V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods
journal, September 2020


Planck 2013 results. IX. HFI spectral response
journal, October 2014


HI4PI: a full-sky H i survey based on EBHIS and GASS
journal, October 2016


On the Cluster Physics of Sunyaev-Zel'Dovich and X-Ray Surveys. ii. Deconstructing the Thermal sz Power Spectrum
journal, September 2012


Simulations of the Sunyaev-Zel'Dovich Power Spectrum with Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback
journal, November 2010


Modelling the correlation between the thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect and the cosmic infrared background: tSZ–CIB correlation
journal, November 2012


Cosmological parameters from CMB and other data: A Monte Carlo approach
journal, November 2002


Effect of Template Uncertainties on the WMAP and Planck Measures of the Optical Depth Due to Reionization
journal, August 2018


Gravitational lensing effect on cosmic microwave background polarization
journal, June 1998


Detection of B -Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope
journal, September 2013


A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND B -MODE POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRUM AT SUB-DEGREE SCALES WITH POLARBEAR
journal, October 2014

  • P. A. R. Ade, The Polarbear Collaboration:; Akiba, Y.; Anthony, A. E.
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Joint Analysis of BICEP2/ Keck Array and Planck Data
journal, March 2015


E/B decomposition of finite pixelized CMB maps
journal, January 2003


NINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: FINAL MAPS AND RESULTS
journal, September 2013

  • Bennett, C. L.; Larson, D.; Weiland, J. L.
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Two-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: 40 GHz Telescope Pointing, Beam Profile, Window Function, and Polarization Performance
journal, March 2020

  • Xu, Zhilei; Brewer, Michael K.; Rojas, Pedro Fluxá
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Measurements of B -mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background from 500 square degrees of SPTpol data
journal, June 2020


A Measurement of Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies from the 2500 Square-Degree Spt-Sz Survey
journal, January 2015


A Measurement of the CMB E -mode Angular Power Spectrum at Subdegree Scales from 670 Square Degrees of POLARBEAR Data
journal, November 2020

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A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B -mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Subdegree Scales from Two Years of polarbear Data
journal, October 2017


Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves Using P l a n c k , WMAP, and New BICEP2/ K e c k Observations through the 2015 Season
journal, November 2018


Efficient sampling of fast and slow cosmological parameters
journal, May 2013


Efficient Computation of Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies in Closed Friedmann‐Robertson‐Walker Models
journal, August 2000

  • Lewis, Antony; Challinor, Anthony; Lasenby, Anthony
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 538, Issue 2
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healpy: equal area pixelization and spherical harmonics transforms for data on the sphere in Python
journal, March 2019

  • Zonca, Andrea; Singer, Leo; Lenz, Daniel
  • Journal of Open Source Software, Vol. 4, Issue 35
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HEALPix: A Framework for High‐Resolution Discretization and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere
journal, April 2005

  • Gorski, K. M.; Hivon, E.; Banday, A. J.
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Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy
journal, September 2013


Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment
journal, January 2007


Survey strategy optimization for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
conference, August 2016

  • De Bernardis - for the ACT collaboration, Francesco; Stevens, Jason; Hasselfield, M.
  • Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VI
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Design, Implementation, and Testing of the Microwave Anisotropy Probe Radiometers
journal, April 2003

  • Jarosik, N.; Bennett, C. L.; Halpern, M.
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Power-Law Template for Infrared Point-Source Clustering
journal, June 2012


Planck 2015 results : XIII. Cosmological parameters
journal, September 2016