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Title: Evaluation of liquid cloud albedo susceptibility in E3SM using coupled eastern North Atlantic surface and satellite retrievals

Abstract

Abstract. The impact of aerosol number concentration on cloud albedo is a persistent source of spread in global climate predictions due to multi-scale, interactive atmospheric processes that remain difficult to quantify. We use 5 years of geostationary satellite and surface retrievals at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site in the Azores to evaluate the representation of liquid cloud albedo susceptibility for overcast cloud scenes in the DOE Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) and provide possible reasons for model–observation discrepancies. The overall distribution of surface 0.2 % CCN concentration values is reasonably simulated, but simulated liquid water path (LWP) is lower than observed and layer mean droplet concentration (Nd) comparisons are highly variable depending on the Nd retrieval technique. E3SMv1's cloud albedo is greater than observed for given LWP and Nd values due to a lower cloud effective radius than observed. However, the simulated albedo response to Nd is suppressed due to a correlation between the solar zenith angle (SZA) and Nd created by the seasonal cycle that is not observed. Controlling for this effect by examining the cloud optical depth (COD) shows that E3SMv1's COD response to CCN concentration is greater thanmore » observed. For surface-based retrievals, this is only true after controlling for cloud adiabaticity because E3SMv1's adiabaticities are much lower than observed. Assuming a constant adiabaticity in surface retrievals as done in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) retrievals narrows the retrieved ln Nd distribution, which increases the cloud albedo sensitivity to ln Nd to match the TOA sensitivity. The greater sensitivity of COD to CCN is caused by a greater Twomey effect in which the sensitivity of Nd to CCN is greater than observed for TOA-retrieved Nd, and once model–observation cloud adiabaticity differences are removed, this is also true for surface-retrieved Nd. The LWP response to Nd in E3SMv1 is overall negative as observed. Despite reproducing the observed LWP–Nd relationship, observed clouds become much more adiabatic as Nd increases, while E3SMv1 clouds do not, associated with more heavily precipitating clouds that are partially but not completely caused by deeper clouds and weaker inversions in E3SMv1. These cloud property differences indicate that the negative LWP–Nd relationship is likely not caused by the same mechanisms in E3SMv1 and observations. The negative simulated LWP response also fails to mute the excessively strong Twomey effect, highlighting potentially important confounding factor effects that likely render the LWP–Nd relationship non-causal. Nd retrieval scales and assumptions, particularly related to cloud adiabaticity, contribute to substantial spreads in the model–observation comparisons, though enough consistency exists to suggest that aerosol activation, drizzle, and entrainment processes are critical areas to focus E3SMv1 development for improving the fidelity of aerosol–cloud interactions in E3SM.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]
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  1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
2204829
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 2242503
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-185187
Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830; AC02-05CH11231; ALCCERCAP0016315; BER-ERCAP0015329; BER-ERCAP0018473; BER-ERCAP0020990
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 23; Journal Issue: 20; Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
Publisher:
Copernicus Publications, EGU
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Varble, Adam C., Ma, Po-Lun, Christensen, Matthew W., Mülmenstädt, Johannes, Tang, Shuaiqi, and Fast, Jerome. Evaluation of liquid cloud albedo susceptibility in E3SM using coupled eastern North Atlantic surface and satellite retrievals. United States: N. p., 2023. Web. doi:10.5194/acp-23-13523-2023.
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Varble, Adam C., Ma, Po-Lun, Christensen, Matthew W., Mülmenstädt, Johannes, Tang, Shuaiqi, & Fast, Jerome. Evaluation of liquid cloud albedo susceptibility in E3SM using coupled eastern North Atlantic surface and satellite retrievals. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13523-2023
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Varble, Adam C., Ma, Po-Lun, Christensen, Matthew W., Mülmenstädt, Johannes, Tang, Shuaiqi, and Fast, Jerome. Fri . "Evaluation of liquid cloud albedo susceptibility in E3SM using coupled eastern North Atlantic surface and satellite retrievals". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13523-2023. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2204829.
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@article{osti_2204829,
title = {Evaluation of liquid cloud albedo susceptibility in E3SM using coupled eastern North Atlantic surface and satellite retrievals},
author = {Varble, Adam C. and Ma, Po-Lun and Christensen, Matthew W. and Mülmenstädt, Johannes and Tang, Shuaiqi and Fast, Jerome},
abstractNote = {Abstract. The impact of aerosol number concentration on cloud albedo is a persistent source of spread in global climate predictions due to multi-scale, interactive atmospheric processes that remain difficult to quantify. We use 5 years of geostationary satellite and surface retrievals at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site in the Azores to evaluate the representation of liquid cloud albedo susceptibility for overcast cloud scenes in the DOE Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) and provide possible reasons for model–observation discrepancies. The overall distribution of surface 0.2 % CCN concentration values is reasonably simulated, but simulated liquid water path (LWP) is lower than observed and layer mean droplet concentration (Nd) comparisons are highly variable depending on the Nd retrieval technique. E3SMv1's cloud albedo is greater than observed for given LWP and Nd values due to a lower cloud effective radius than observed. However, the simulated albedo response to Nd is suppressed due to a correlation between the solar zenith angle (SZA) and Nd created by the seasonal cycle that is not observed. Controlling for this effect by examining the cloud optical depth (COD) shows that E3SMv1's COD response to CCN concentration is greater than observed. For surface-based retrievals, this is only true after controlling for cloud adiabaticity because E3SMv1's adiabaticities are much lower than observed. Assuming a constant adiabaticity in surface retrievals as done in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) retrievals narrows the retrieved ln Nd distribution, which increases the cloud albedo sensitivity to ln Nd to match the TOA sensitivity. The greater sensitivity of COD to CCN is caused by a greater Twomey effect in which the sensitivity of Nd to CCN is greater than observed for TOA-retrieved Nd, and once model–observation cloud adiabaticity differences are removed, this is also true for surface-retrieved Nd. The LWP response to Nd in E3SMv1 is overall negative as observed. Despite reproducing the observed LWP–Nd relationship, observed clouds become much more adiabatic as Nd increases, while E3SMv1 clouds do not, associated with more heavily precipitating clouds that are partially but not completely caused by deeper clouds and weaker inversions in E3SMv1. These cloud property differences indicate that the negative LWP–Nd relationship is likely not caused by the same mechanisms in E3SMv1 and observations. The negative simulated LWP response also fails to mute the excessively strong Twomey effect, highlighting potentially important confounding factor effects that likely render the LWP–Nd relationship non-causal. Nd retrieval scales and assumptions, particularly related to cloud adiabaticity, contribute to substantial spreads in the model–observation comparisons, though enough consistency exists to suggest that aerosol activation, drizzle, and entrainment processes are critical areas to focus E3SMv1 development for improving the fidelity of aerosol–cloud interactions in E3SM.},
doi = {10.5194/acp-23-13523-2023},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)},
number = 20,
volume = 23,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Fri Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
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Absorption feedback in stratocumulus clouds Influence on cloud top albedo
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Large-Eddy Simulations of Trade Wind Cumuli: Investigation of Aerosol Indirect Effects
journal, June 2006

  • Xue, Huiwen; Feingold, Graham
  • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 63, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1175/JAS3706.1

The DOE E3SM Model Version 2: Overview of the physical model
preprint, April 2022

Global assessment of marine boundary layer cloud droplet number concentration from satellite
journal, January 2007

The Impact of Slantwise Descending Dry Intrusions on the Marine Boundary Layer and Air‐Sea Interface Over the ARM Eastern North Atlantic Site
journal, February 2021

  • Ilotoviz, E.; Ghate, V. P.; Raveh‐Rubin, S.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 126, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020JD033879

Direct and Remote Sensing Observations of the Effects of Ships on Clouds
journal, December 1989

Retrieving Liquid Wat0er Path and Precipitable Water Vapor From the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Microwave Radiometers
journal, November 2007

  • Turner, David D.; Clough, Shepard A.; Liljegren, James C.
  • IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 45, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2007.903703

What Controls Stratocumulus Radiative Properties? Lagrangian Observations of Cloud Evolution
journal, September 1997

Quantifying albedo susceptibility biases in shallow clouds
journal, March 2022

  • Feingold, Graham; Goren, Tom; Yamaguchi, Takanobu
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-3303-2022

Constraining the instantaneous aerosol influence on cloud albedo
journal, April 2017

  • Gryspeerdt, Edward; Quaas, Johannes; Ferrachat, Sylvaine
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617765114

Earth System Model Aerosol–Cloud Diagnostics (ESMAC Diags) package, version 1: assessing E3SM aerosol predictions using aircraft, ship, and surface measurements
journal, January 2022

  • Tang, Shuaiqi; Fast, Jerome D.; Zhang, Kai
  • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 15, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-15-4055-2022

Physically regularized machine learning emulators of aerosol activation
journal, January 2021

  • Silva, Sam J.; Ma, Po-Lun; Hardin, Joseph C.
  • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 14, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-14-3067-2021

An Overview of the Atmospheric Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model
journal, August 2019

  • Rasch, P. J.; Xie, S.; Ma, P. ‐L.
  • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 11, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1029/2019MS001629

Opportunistic experiments to constrain aerosol effective radiative forcing
journal, January 2022

  • Christensen, Matthew W.; Gettelman, Andrew; Cermak, Jan
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-641-2022

Aerosol indirect effects – general circulation model intercomparison and evaluation with satellite data
journal, January 2009

Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system
journal, October 2009

Investigation of the marine boundary layer cloud and CCN properties under coupled and decoupled conditions over the Azores: MBL CLOUD AND CCN PROPERTIES
journal, June 2015

  • Dong, Xiquan; Schwantes, Adam C.; Xi, Baike
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/2014JD022939

Dreary state of precipitation in global models: MODEL AND OBSERVED PRECIPITATION
journal, December 2010

  • Stephens, Graeme L.; L'Ecuyer, Tristan; Forbes, Richard
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 115, Issue D24
  • DOI: 10.1029/2010JD014532

Remote Sensing of Droplet Number Concentration in Warm Clouds: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives
journal, June 2018

  • Grosvenor, Daniel P.; Sourdeval, Odran; Zuidema, Paquita
  • Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 56, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1029/2017RG000593

Satellite methods underestimate indirect climate forcing by aerosols
journal, August 2011

  • Penner, J. E.; Xu, L.; Wang, M.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 33
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1018526108

Assessment of Precipitating Marine Stratocumulus Clouds in the E3SMv1 Atmosphere Model: A Case Study from the ARM MAGIC Field Campaign
journal, August 2020

Boundary layer moisture variability at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Eastern North Atlantic observatory during marine conditions
journal, March 2023

  • Cadeddu, Maria P.; Ghate, Virendra P.; Turner, David D.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 23, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-3453-2023

Profiles of MBL Cloud and Drizzle Microphysical Properties Retrieved From Ground‐Based Observations and Validated by Aircraft In Situ Measurements Over the Azores
journal, May 2020

  • Wu, Peng; Dong, Xiquan; Xi, Baike
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 125, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1029/2019JD032205

The Arm Climate Research Facility: A Review of Structure and Capabilities
journal, March 2013

  • Mather, James H.; Voyles, Jimmy W.
  • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 94, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00218.1

Contrasting characteristics of open- and closed-cellular stratocumulus cloud in the eastern North Atlantic
journal, January 2021

  • Jensen, Michael P.; Ghate, Virendra P.; Wang, Dié
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-14557-2021

Identification of clear skies from broadband pyranometer measurements and calculation of downwelling shortwave cloud effects
journal, June 2000

  • Long, Charles N.; Ackerman, Thomas P.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 105, Issue D12
  • DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900077

A parameterization of aerosol activation: 2. Multiple aerosol types
journal, March 2000

  • Abdul-Razzak, Hayder; Ghan, Steven J.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 105, Issue D5
  • DOI: 10.1029/1999JD901161

The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2)
journal, February 2020

  • Danabasoglu, G.; Lamarque, J. ‐F.; Bacmeister, J.
  • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 12, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1029/2019MS001916

Summertime Post-Cold-Frontal Marine Stratocumulus Transition Processes over the Eastern North Atlantic
journal, May 2020

  • kazemirad, Melissa; Miller, Mark A.
  • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 77, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-19-0167.1

Effect of Ship-Stack Effluents on Cloud Reflectivity
journal, August 1987

Unveiling aerosol–cloud interactions – Part 1: Cloud contamination in satellite products enhances the aerosol indirect forcing estimate
journal, January 2017

  • Christensen, Matthew W.; Neubauer, David; Poulsen, Caroline A.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-13151-2017

Lagrangian Evolution of the Northeast Pacific Marine Boundary Layer Structure and Cloud during CSET
journal, December 2019

  • Mohrmann, Johannes; Bretherton, Christopher S.; McCoy, Isabel L.
  • Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 147, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-19-0053.1

CERES Edition-2 Cloud Property Retrievals Using TRMM VIRS and Terra and Aqua MODIS Data—Part I: Algorithms
journal, November 2011

  • Minnis, Patrick; Sun-Mack, Szedung; Young, David F.
  • IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 49, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2144601

Pollution and the planetary albedo
journal, December 1974

Albedo susceptibility of northeastern Pacific stratocumulus: the role of covarying meteorological conditions
journal, January 2022

  • Zhang, Jianhao; Zhou, Xiaoli; Goren, Tom
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-861-2022
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