Field-dependent nonelectronic contributions to thermal conductivity in a metallic ferromagnet with low Gilbert damping
Abstract
Heat conduction in metals is typically dominated by electron transport since electrons carry both charge and heat. In magnetic metals magnons, or spin waves, excitations of the magnetic order can be used to transport information. Heat conduction via magnons has been previously shown mostly for insulating magnets with low Gilbert damping and resulting long spin-wave lifetimes where conduction electrons cannot contribute. Here we show that thin films of properly optimized metallic ferromagnetic (FM) alloys show significant nonelectronic contributions to heat conduction, which furthermore depend on the direction of an applied magnetic field. These measurements are enabled by micromachined thermal isolation platforms optimized for thermal conductivity measurements of thin-film systems. Electrical conductivity measurements on exactly the same samples allow application of the Wiedemann-Franz relation, which shows large nonelectronic contributions to thermal conductivity for the cobalt-iron alloy with 25% Co. This composition has been shown to have exceptionally low damping for a metallic FM. The thermal conductivity of a 75-nm-thick film of the 25% Co alloy changes by more than 20% at some temperatures, while a reference sample with 50% cobalt that has much higher damping shows no field-direction dependence. Our measurements indicate that applied magnetic fields alter the magnon lifetimes inmore »
- Authors:
-
[1]
- Univ. of Denver, CO (United States)
- National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States)
- National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1982833
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001; DMR-1709646; AC52-06NA25396; AC04-94AL85000
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 2475-9953
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Materials Science
Citation Formats
Natale, M. R., Wesenberg, D. J., Edwards, Eric J., Nembach, Hans T., Shaw, Justin M., and Zink, B. L. Field-dependent nonelectronic contributions to thermal conductivity in a metallic ferromagnet with low Gilbert damping. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1103/physrevmaterials.5.l111401.
Natale, M. R., Wesenberg, D. J., Edwards, Eric J., Nembach, Hans T., Shaw, Justin M., & Zink, B. L. Field-dependent nonelectronic contributions to thermal conductivity in a metallic ferromagnet with low Gilbert damping. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.5.l111401
Natale, M. R., Wesenberg, D. J., Edwards, Eric J., Nembach, Hans T., Shaw, Justin M., and Zink, B. L. Tue .
"Field-dependent nonelectronic contributions to thermal conductivity in a metallic ferromagnet with low Gilbert damping". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.5.l111401. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1982833.
@article{osti_1982833,
title = {Field-dependent nonelectronic contributions to thermal conductivity in a metallic ferromagnet with low Gilbert damping},
author = {Natale, M. R. and Wesenberg, D. J. and Edwards, Eric J. and Nembach, Hans T. and Shaw, Justin M. and Zink, B. L.},
abstractNote = {Heat conduction in metals is typically dominated by electron transport since electrons carry both charge and heat. In magnetic metals magnons, or spin waves, excitations of the magnetic order can be used to transport information. Heat conduction via magnons has been previously shown mostly for insulating magnets with low Gilbert damping and resulting long spin-wave lifetimes where conduction electrons cannot contribute. Here we show that thin films of properly optimized metallic ferromagnetic (FM) alloys show significant nonelectronic contributions to heat conduction, which furthermore depend on the direction of an applied magnetic field. These measurements are enabled by micromachined thermal isolation platforms optimized for thermal conductivity measurements of thin-film systems. Electrical conductivity measurements on exactly the same samples allow application of the Wiedemann-Franz relation, which shows large nonelectronic contributions to thermal conductivity for the cobalt-iron alloy with 25% Co. This composition has been shown to have exceptionally low damping for a metallic FM. The thermal conductivity of a 75-nm-thick film of the 25% Co alloy changes by more than 20% at some temperatures, while a reference sample with 50% cobalt that has much higher damping shows no field-direction dependence. Our measurements indicate that applied magnetic fields alter the magnon lifetimes in these films and that these magnons contribute to thermal conductivity in this metallic magnetic alloy with low Gilbert damping.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevmaterials.5.l111401},
journal = {Physical Review Materials},
number = 11,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Tue Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Magnonics
journal, June 2010
- Kruglyak, V. V.; Demokritov, S. O.; Grundler, D.
- Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 26
YIG magnonics
journal, June 2010
- Serga, A. A.; Chumak, A. V.; Hillebrands, B.
- Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 26
Direct evidence for minority spin gap in the Heusler compound
journal, March 2016
- Andrieu, Stéphane; Neggache, Amina; Hauet, Thomas
- Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 9
Thermal conductivity accumulation in amorphous silica and amorphous silicon
journal, April 2014
- Larkin, Jason M.; McGaughey, Alan J. H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 14
Magnon and phonon dispersion, lifetime, and thermal conductivity of iron from spin-lattice dynamics simulations
journal, February 2018
- Wu, Xufei; Liu, Zeyu; Luo, Tengfei
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 8
Metallic ferromagnetic films with magnetic damping under 1.4 × 10−3
journal, August 2017
- Lee, Aidan J.; Brangham, Jack T.; Cheng, Yang
- Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Perspective on ab initio phonon thermal transport
journal, August 2019
- Lindsay, Lucas; Katre, Ankita; Cepellotti, Andrea
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 5
Electrical and thermal transport in single nickel nanowire
journal, February 2008
- Ou, M. N.; Yang, T. J.; Harutyunyan, S. R.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 6
Thermal Conductivity Spectroscopy Technique to Measure Phonon Mean Free Paths
journal, August 2011
- Minnich, A. J.; Johnson, J. A.; Schmidt, A. J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 9
Backward volume vs Damon–Eshbach: A traveling spin wave spectroscopy comparison
journal, January 2020
- Bhaskar, U. K.; Talmelli, G.; Ciubotaru, F.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 3
Magnon Heat Conduction and Magnon Scattering Processes in Fe-Ni Alloys
journal, September 1972
- Yelon, W. B.; Berger, L.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 6, Issue 5
Electron-magnon diffusion and magnetization reversal detection inFePt
journal, February 2008
- Mihai, A. P.; Attané, J. P.; Marty, A.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 6
Ueber die Wärme-Leitungsfähigkeit der Metalle
journal, January 1853
- Franz, R.; Wiedemann, G.
- Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 165, Issue 8
Magnon-drag thermopower and Nernst coefficient in Fe, Co, and Ni
journal, October 2016
- Watzman, Sarah J.; Duine, Rembert A.; Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav
- Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 14
Magnon drag effect in Fe-Co alloys
journal, September 2019
- Zheng, Yuanhua; Weiss, Elan J.; Antolin, Nikolas
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 12
Landau-Lifshitz theory of the magnon-drag thermopower
journal, September 2016
- Flebus, B.; Duine, R. A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.
- EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 115, Issue 5
Direct detection of magnon spin transport by the inverse spin Hall effect
journal, February 2012
- Chumak, A. V.; Serga, A. A.; Jungfleisch, M. B.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 8
Scattering of Magnons and Phonons in the Thermal Conductivity of Yttrium Iron Garnet
journal, December 1966
- Bhandari, C. M.; Verma, G. S.
- Physical Review, Vol. 152, Issue 2
Nonlinear spin conductance of yttrium iron garnet thin films driven by large spin-orbit torque
journal, February 2018
- Thiery, N.; Draveny, A.; Naletov, V. V.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 6
Anisotropic magnetothermal resistance in Ni nanowires
journal, March 2013
- Kimling, Johannes; Gooth, Johannes; Nielsch, Kornelius
- Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 9
Evidence of Magnon Thermal Transport in a Ferromagnetic Glassy Metal
journal, August 1988
- Gronert, H. W.; Herlach, D. M.; Wassermann, E. F.
- Europhysics Letters (EPL), Vol. 6, Issue 7
Magnon-drag thermopile
journal, December 2011
- Costache, Marius V.; Bridoux, German; Neumann, Ingmar
- Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 3
Magnetostatic Modes of a Ferromagnetic Slab
journal, May 1960
- Damon, R. W.; Eshbach, J. R.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 31, Issue 5
Non-local magnetoresistance in YIG/Pt nanostructures
journal, October 2015
- Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B.; Schlitz, Richard; Pernpeintner, Matthias
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 17
Heat transport by long mean free path vibrations in amorphous silicon nitride near room temperature
journal, June 2013
- Sultan, Rubina; Avery, A. D.; Underwood, J. M.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 21
Experimental determinations of the Lorenz number
journal, January 1993
- Kumar, G. S.; Prasad, G.; Pohl, R. O.
- Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 28, Issue 16
Transport of heat by spin waves inFe 95 Si 5
journal, November 1978
- Hsu, Y.; Berger, L.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 18, Issue 9
Detection of Domain-Wall Position and Magnetization Reversal in Nanostructures Using the Magnon Contribution to the Resistivity
journal, September 2011
- Nguyen, V. D.; Vila, L.; Laczkowski, P.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 13
Magnon magnetoresistance of NiFe nanowires: Size dependence and domain wall detection
journal, December 2011
- Nguyen, V. D.; Naylor, C.; Vila, L.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 26
Ballistic magnon heat conduction and possible Poiseuille flow in the helimagnetic insulator
journal, June 2017
- Prasai, N.; Trump, B. A.; Marcus, G. G.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 22
The building blocks of magnonics
journal, October 2011
- Lenk, B.; Ulrichs, H.; Garbs, F.
- Physics Reports, Vol. 507, Issue 4-5
Magnetic damping in sputter-deposited Heusler compounds with , and orders: Experiment and theory
journal, March 2018
- Shaw, Justin M.; Delczeg-Czirjak, Erna K.; Edwards, Eric R. J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 9
Bestimmung der Wärmegrade in absolutem Maasse
journal, January 1872
- Lorenz, L.
- Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 223, Issue 11
Violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law through reduction of thermal conductivity in gold thin films
journal, June 2020
- Mason, S. J.; Wesenberg, D. J.; Hojem, A.
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 6
Magnon spintronics
journal, June 2015
- Chumak, A. V.; Vasyuchka, V. I.; Serga, A. A.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 6
Magnon Heat Transport in Doped
journal, May 2003
- Hess, C.; Büchner, B.; Ammerahl, U.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 19
Magnetic Damping in Epitaxial Alloyed with Vanadium and Aluminum
journal, September 2020
- Smith, David A.; Rai, Anish; Lim, Youngmin
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 14, Issue 3
Long-distance transport of magnon spin information in a magnetic insulator at room temperature
journal, September 2015
- Cornelissen, L. J.; Liu, J.; Duine, R. A.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 12
Magnon Mode Selective Spin Transport in Compensated Ferrimagnets
journal, May 2017
- Cramer, Joel; Guo, Er-Jia; Geprägs, Stephan
- Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 6
Specific heat and thermal conductivity of ferromagnetic magnons in Yttrium Iron Garnet
journal, August 2013
- Pan, B. Y.; Guan, T. Y.; Hong, X. C.
- EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 103, Issue 3
Magnon heat conduction and magnon lifetimes in the metallic ferromagnetFe 68 Co 32
journal, November 1976
- Hsu, Y.; Berger, L.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 14, Issue 9
Determining Phonon Mean Free Paths from Observations of Quasiballistic Thermal Transport
journal, November 2012
- Minnich, A. J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 20
Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons pumped by the bulk spin Seebeck effect
journal, March 2016
- Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav; Bender, Scott A.; Duine, Rembert A.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 10
Origin of low Gilbert damping in half metals
journal, July 2009
- Liu, Chunsheng; Mewes, Claudia K. A.; Chshiev, Mairbek
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 2
High spin-wave propagation length consistent with low damping in a metallic ferromagnet
journal, September 2019
- Flacke, Luis; Liensberger, Lukas; Althammer, Matthias
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 12
Thin Films with Ultralow Total Damping of Ferromagnetic Resonance
journal, May 2019
- Edwards, Eric R. J.; Nembach, Hans T.; Shaw, Justin M.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 5
Magnon thermal mean free path in yttrium iron garnet
journal, August 2014
- Boona, Stephen R.; Heremans, Joseph P.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 6
First principles calculation of lattice thermal conductivity of metals considering phonon-phonon and phonon-electron scattering
journal, June 2016
- Wang, Yan; Lu, Zexi; Ruan, Xiulin
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 22
Thermal and electrical conductivity of approximately 100-nm permalloy, Ni, Co, Al, and Cu films and examination of the Wiedemann-Franz Law
journal, December 2015
- Avery, A. D.; Mason, S. J.; Bassett, D.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 21
Direct observation of a propagating spin wave induced by spin-transfer torque
journal, August 2011
- Madami, M.; Bonetti, S.; Consolo, G.
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 10
Thermal diodes, regulators, and switches: Physical mechanisms and potential applications
journal, December 2017
- Wehmeyer, Geoff; Yabuki, Tomohide; Monachon, Christian
- Applied Physics Reviews, Vol. 4, Issue 4
Growth of Co2FeAl Heusler alloy thin films on Si(100) having very small Gilbert damping by Ion beam sputtering
journal, June 2016
- Husain, Sajid; Akansel, Serkan; Kumar, Ankit
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Magnonics: Spin Waves on the Nanoscale
journal, July 2009
- Neusser, Sebastian; Grundler, Dirk
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 28
Thermal transport by phonons and electrons in aluminum, silver, and gold from first principles
journal, February 2016
- Jain, Ankit; McGaughey, Alan J. H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 8
Comprehensive first-principles analysis of phonon thermal conductivity and electron-phonon coupling in different metals
journal, October 2019
- Tong, Zhen; Li, Shouhang; Ruan, Xiulin
- Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 14
Long-range pure magnon spin diffusion observed in a nonlocal spin-Seebeck geometry
journal, December 2015
- Giles, Brandon L.; Yang, Zihao; Jamison, John S.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 22
Magnon scattering in the transport coefficients of CoFe thin films
journal, July 2018
- Srichandan, S.; Wimmer, S.; Pöllath, S.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 2
In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of : Evidence for Magnon Heat Transport
journal, October 2003
- Jin, R.; Onose, Y.; Tokura, Y.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 14
Atomistic simulation of phonon and magnon thermal transport across the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition
journal, June 2020
- Zhou, Yanguang; Tranchida, Julien; Ge, Yijun
- Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 22
Ultra-low magnetic damping of a metallic ferromagnet
journal, May 2016
- Schoen, Martin A. W.; Thonig, Danny; Schneider, Michael L.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 9
Thermal conductivity of micromachined low-stress silicon-nitride beams from 77 to 325 K
journal, February 2009
- Sultan, Rubina; Avery, A. D.; Stiehl, G.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 105, Issue 4
Influence of grain boundary scattering on the electrical and thermal conductivities of polycrystalline gold nanofilms
journal, October 2006
- Zhang, Q. G.; Cao, B. Y.; Zhang, X.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 74, Issue 13
Exchange stiffness in thin film Co alloys
journal, April 2012
- Eyrich, C.; Huttema, W.; Arora, M.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 7
Anisotropic magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic 3d alloys
journal, July 1975
- McGuire, T.; Potter, R.
- IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 11, Issue 4
Electrical and thermal conduction in ultra-thin freestanding atomic layer deposited W nanobridges
journal, January 2015
- Eigenfeld, Nathan T.; Gertsch, Jonas C.; Skidmore, George D.
- Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 42
Spin-transfer mechanism for magnon-drag thermopower
journal, December 2011
- Lucassen, M. E.; Wong, C. H.; Duine, R. A.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 26
Heat Transport by Spin Waves in Yttrium Iron Garnet
journal, February 1963
- Douglass, R. L.
- Physical Review, Vol. 129, Issue 3
Broadband phonon mean free path contributions to thermal conductivity measured using frequency domain thermoreflectance
journal, March 2013
- Regner, Keith T.; Sellan, Daniel P.; Su, Zonghui
- Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Nonlocal transport mediated by spin supercurrents
journal, December 2014
- Chen, Hua; Kent, Andrew D.; MacDonald, Allan H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 22
Frequency dependence of the thermal conductivity of semiconductor alloys
journal, August 2007
- Koh, Yee Kan; Cahill, David G.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 76, Issue 7