MAS: A versatile Landau-fluid eigenvalue code for plasma stability analysis in general geometry

Bao, Jian; Zhang, Wenlu; Li, Ding; Lin, Zhihong; Dong, Ge; Liu, Chang; Xie, Huasheng; Meng, Guo; Cheng, Junyi; Dong, Chao; Cao, Jintao

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/acd1a0

Title: MAS: A versatile Landau-fluid eigenvalue code for plasma stability analysis in general geometry

Abstract

We have developed a new global eigenvalue code, Multiscale Analysis for plasma Stabilities (MAS), for studying plasma problems with wave toroidal mode number (n) and frequency (ω) in a broad range of interest in general tokamak geometry, based on a five-field Landau-fluid description of thermal plasmas. Beyond keeping the necessary plasma fluid response, we further retain the important kinetic effects including diamagnetic drift, ion finite Larmor radius, finite parallel electric field (E||), ion and electron Landau resonances in a self-consistent and non-perturbative manner without sacrificing the attractive efficiency in computation. The physical capabilities of the code are evaluated and examined in the aspects of both theory and simulation. In theory, the comprehensive Landau-fluid model implemented in MAS can be reduced to the well-known ideal MHD model, electrostatic ion-fluid model, and drift-kinetic model in various limits, which clearly delineates the physics validity regime. In simulation, MAS has been well benchmarked with theory and other gyrokinetic and kinetic-MHD hybrid codes in a manner of adopting the unified physical and numerical framework, which covers the kinetic Alfv\'en wave (KAW), ion sound wave (ISW), low-n kink, high-n ion temperature gradient mode (ITG) and kinetic ballooning mode (KBM). Moreover, MAS is successfully applied to modelmore »« less

Authors:

Bao, Jian ^[1];

^[2]; Li, Ding ^[2]; Lin, Zhihong ^[3];

^[4];

^[5]; Xie, Huasheng ^[6];

^[7]; Cheng, Junyi ^[8]; Dong, Chao ^[1]; Cao, Jintao ^[1]

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of Physics. Beijing National Lab. for Condensed Matter Physics (BNLCP-CAS) and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of Physics. Beijing National Lab. for Condensed Matter Physics (BNLCP-CAS) and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China); Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Guangdong (China)
Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)
Energy Singularity Co., Ltd., Shanghai (China)
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Hebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion, Langfang (China); ENN Science and Technoloogy Development Co., Ltd., Langfang (China)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald (Germany)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Research Org.:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE; National MCF Energy R&D Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

OSTI Identifier:: 1974436

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466; 2018YFE0304100; 2017YFE0301300; 12275351; 11905290; 11835016; Y9K5011R21

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nuclear Fusion

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 63; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP Science

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats


                    Bao, Jian, Zhang, Wenlu, Li, Ding, Lin, Zhihong, Dong, Ge, Liu, Chang, Xie, Huasheng, Meng, Guo, Cheng, Junyi, Dong, Chao, and Cao, Jintao. MAS: A versatile Landau-fluid eigenvalue code for plasma stability analysis in general geometry.  United States: N. p., 2023. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1741-4326/acd1a0.

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                    Bao, Jian, Zhang, Wenlu, Li, Ding, Lin, Zhihong, Dong, Ge, Liu, Chang, Xie, Huasheng, Meng, Guo, Cheng, Junyi, Dong, Chao, & Cao, Jintao. MAS: A versatile Landau-fluid eigenvalue code for plasma stability analysis in general geometry.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acd1a0

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                    Bao, Jian, Zhang, Wenlu, Li, Ding, Lin, Zhihong, Dong, Ge, Liu, Chang, Xie, Huasheng, Meng, Guo, Cheng, Junyi, Dong, Chao, and Cao, Jintao. Tue .  
"MAS: A versatile Landau-fluid eigenvalue code for plasma stability analysis in general geometry".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acd1a0.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1974436.

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@article{osti_1974436,

  title        = {MAS: A versatile Landau-fluid eigenvalue code for plasma stability analysis in general geometry},

  author       = {Bao, Jian and Zhang, Wenlu and Li, Ding and Lin, Zhihong and Dong, Ge and Liu, Chang and Xie, Huasheng and Meng, Guo and Cheng, Junyi and Dong, Chao and Cao, Jintao},

  abstractNote = {We have developed a new global eigenvalue code, Multiscale Analysis for plasma Stabilities (MAS), for studying plasma problems with wave toroidal mode number (n) and frequency (ω) in a broad range of interest in general tokamak geometry, based on a five-field Landau-fluid description of thermal plasmas. Beyond keeping the necessary plasma fluid response, we further retain the important kinetic effects including diamagnetic drift, ion finite Larmor radius, finite parallel electric field (E||), ion and electron Landau resonances in a self-consistent and non-perturbative manner without sacrificing the attractive efficiency in computation. The physical capabilities of the code are evaluated and examined in the aspects of both theory and simulation. In theory, the comprehensive Landau-fluid model implemented in MAS can be reduced to the well-known ideal MHD model, electrostatic ion-fluid model, and drift-kinetic model in various limits, which clearly delineates the physics validity regime. In simulation, MAS has been well benchmarked with theory and other gyrokinetic and kinetic-MHD hybrid codes in a manner of adopting the unified physical and numerical framework, which covers the kinetic Alfv\'en wave (KAW), ion sound wave (ISW), low-n kink, high-n ion temperature gradient mode (ITG) and kinetic ballooning mode (KBM). Moreover, MAS is successfully applied to model the Alfv\'en eigenmode (AE) activities in DIII-D discharge #159243, which faithfully captures the frequency sweeping of reversed shear Alfv\'en eigenmode (RSAE), the tunneling damping of toroidal Alfv\'en eigenmode (TAE), as well as the polarization characteristics of kinetic beta-induced Alfv\'en eigenmode (KBAE) and beta-induced Alfv\'en-acoustic eigenmode (BAAE) being consistent with former gyrokinetic theory and simulation. With respect to the key progress contributed to the community, MAS has the advantage of combining rich physics ingredients, realistic global geometry and high computation efficiency together for plasma stability analysis in linear regime.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1741-4326/acd1a0},

  journal      = {Nuclear Fusion},

  number       = 7,

  volume       = 63,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2023},

  month        = {Tue May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2023}

}

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Excitation of low frequency Alfven eigenmodes in toroidal plasmas
journal, July 2017

Liu, Yaqi; Lin, Zhihong; Zhang, Huasen
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/aa7d14

Kinetic effects of thermal ions and energetic particles on discrete kinetic BAE mode generation and symmetry breaking
journal, June 2018

Lu, Z. X.; Wang, X.; Lauber, Ph.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/aaae0f

Effects of trapped particle dynamics on the structures of a low-frequency shear Alfvén continuous spectrum
journal, October 2009

Chavdarovski, Ilija; Zonca, Fulvio
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/51/11/115001

Extended full-MHD simulation of non-linear instabilities in tokamak plasmas
journal, October 2020

Pamela, S. J. P.; Bhole, A.; Huijsmans, G. T. A.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/5.0018208

Global kinetic ballooning mode simulations in BOUT++
journal, September 2016

Ma, C. H.; Xu, X. Q.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/57/1/016002

Simulation of Alfvén frequency cascade modes in reversed shear-discharges using a Landau-closure model
journal, April 2013

Spong, D. A.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/53/5/053008

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Title: MAS: A versatile Landau-fluid eigenvalue code for plasma stability analysis in general geometry

Abstract

Citation Formats

Predictions and observations of global beta-induced Alfvén—acoustic modes in JET and NSTX journal, November 2007

Super-thermal particles in hot plasmas—Kinetic models, numerical solution strategies, and comparison to tokamak experiments journal, December 2013

Kinetic Alfvén eigenmodes at ASDEX Upgrade journal, November 2009

Kinetic properties of shear Alfvén eigenmodes in tokamak plasmas journal, December 2005

A numerical study of the high‐ n shear Alfvén spectrum gap and the high‐ n gap mode journal, November 1992

Excitation of the toroidicity‐induced shear Alfvén eigenmode by fusion alpha particles in an ignited tokamak journal, October 1989

Drift Alfvén energetic particle stability with circulating particles journal, June 2020

Predictions and observations of low-shear beta-induced shear Alfvén–acoustic eigenmodes in toroidal plasmas journal, October 2007

Existence of discrete modes in an unstable shear Alfvén continuous spectrum journal, December 1998

Theoretical studies of low-frequency Alfvén modes in tokamak plasmas journal, February 2022

Multiple Alfvén eigenmodes induced by energetic electrons and nonlinear mode couplings in EAST radio-frequency heated H-mode plasmas journal, March 2021

MHD-Limits to Plasma Confinement journal, January 1984

Analysis of Alfvén eigenmode destabilization by energetic particles in Large Helical Device using a Landau-closure model journal, March 2017

Resistive toroidal stability of internal kink modes in circular and shaped tokamaks journal, March 1992

A fast non-Fourier method for Landau-fluid operators journal, May 2014

Theory of Alfvén eigenmodes in shear reversed plasmas journal, September 2003

CASTOR: Normal-Mode Analysis of Resistive MHD Plasmas journal, May 1998

Low-frequency Alfvén eigenmodes during the sawtooth cycle at ASDEX Upgrade journal, April 2012

Mechanisms of energetic-particle transport in magnetically confined plasmas journal, March 2020

On energetic-particle excitations of low-frequency Alfvén eigenmodes in toroidal plasma journal, July 2017

Gyrokinetic simulation model for kinetic magnetohydrodynamic processes in magnetized plasmas journal, January 2012

Drift waves and transport journal, April 1999

Basic physics of Alfvén instabilities driven by energetic particles in toroidally confined plasmas journal, May 2008

‘BAAE’ instabilities observed without fast ion drive journal, December 2020

A Landau fluid model for electromagnetic plasma microturbulence journal, July 2001

Continuum damping of high-mode-number toroidal Alfvén waves journal, February 1992

Comparisons and physics basis of tokamak transport models and turbulence simulations journal, March 2000

Computational challenges in magnetic-confinement fusion physics journal, May 2016

Computational modeling of fully ionized magnetized plasmas using the fluid approximation journal, May 2006

Chapter 5: Physics of energetic ions journal, June 2007

Gyrokinetic analysis of low-n shear Alfvén and ion sound wave spectra in a high-beta tokamak plasma journal, September 2017

Gyrokinetic simulation of low-frequency Alfvénic modes in DIII-D tokamak journal, April 2021

Kinetic extensions of magnetohydrodynamics for axisymmetric toroidal plasmas journal, February 1992

Toroidal self-consistent modeling of drift kinetic effects on the resistive wall mode journal, November 2008

Radial Localization of Toroidicity-Induced Alfvén Eigenmodes journal, October 2013

Effects of pressure gradient on existence of Alfvén cascade modes in reversed shear tokamak plasmas journal, May 2006

Chapter 2: Plasma confinement and transport journal, June 2007

Chapter 3: MHD stability, operational limits and disruptions journal, June 2007

Theory on excitations of drift Alfvén waves by energetic particles. II. The general fishbone-like dispersion relation journal, July 2014

Gyrokinetic particle simulation of beta-induced Alfven-acoustic eigenmode journal, April 2016

Trapped electron stabilization of ballooning modes in low aspect ratio toroidal plasmas journal, October 2004

Plasma pressure effect on Alfvén cascade eigenmodes journal, November 2005

LIGKA: A linear gyrokinetic code for the description of background kinetic and fast particle effects on the MHD stability in tokamaks journal, September 2007

CASTOR-K: Stability Analysis of Alfvén Eigenmodes in the Presence of Energetic Ions in Tokamaks journal, July 1999

Verification and validation of linear gyrokinetic and kinetic-MHD simulations for internal kink instability in DIII-D tokamak journal, January 2022

Gyrokinetic particle simulations of the effects of compressional magnetic perturbations on drift-Alfvenic instabilities in tokamaks journal, August 2017

Global gyrokinetic particle simulations with kinetic electrons journal, November 2007

Destabilization of energetic particle modes by localized particle sources journal, November 2000

Theory and simulation of discrete kinetic beta induced Alfvén eigenmode in tokamak plasmas journal, September 2010

Fluid moment models for Landau damping with application to the ion-temperature-gradient instability journal, June 1990

On the polarization of shear Alfvén and acoustic continuous spectra in toroidal plasmas journal, September 2020

Excitation of Internal Kink Modes by Trapped Energetic Beam Ions journal, March 1984

Damping and drive of low-frequency modes in tokamak plasmas journal, June 2008

Electromagnetic formulation of global gyrokinetic particle simulation in toroidal geometry journal, December 2009

Excitation of the beta-induced Alfvén-acoustic eigenmode during sawtooth-like oscillation in EAST journal, August 2020

A fluid–kinetic hybrid electron model for electromagnetic simulations journal, May 2001

Kinetic damping of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes journal, August 2005

Kinetic theory of low-frequency Alfvén modes in tokamaks journal, November 1996

Simulation prediction of micro-instability transition and associated particle transport in tokamak plasmas journal, January 2022

Shear Alfvén and acoustic continuum in general axisymmetric toroidal geometry journal, August 2019

Effects of Plasma Diamagnetic Drift on Alfvén Continua and Discrete Eigenmodes in Tokamaks journal, December 2020

Plasma equilibrium with rational magnetic surfaces journal, January 1981

Numerical study of Alfvén eigenmodes in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak journal, May 2014

Global theory of beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode excited by energetic ions journal, September 2015

A conservative scheme of drift kinetic electrons for gyrokinetic simulation of kinetic-MHD processes in toroidal plasmas journal, October 2017

Reduced models for parallel magnetic field fluctuations and their impact on pressure gradient driven MHD instabilities in axisymmetric toroidal plasmas journal, August 2019

Kinetic damping of Alfvén eigenmodes in general tokamak geometry journal, July 2009

High Mode Number Stability of an Axisymmetric Toroidal Plasma journal, February 1979

Continuum damping of low‐ n toroidicity‐induced shear Alfvén eigenmodes journal, March 1992

Parallel magnetic field perturbations in gyrokinetic simulations journal, July 2010

Turbulent Transport Reduction by Zonal Flows: Massively Parallel Simulations journal, September 1998

Theoretical Interpretation of Alfvén Cascades in Tokamaks with Nonmonotonic q Profiles journal, October 2001

Global simulations of ion turbulence with magnetic shear reversal journal, June 2001

Kinetic processes in plasma heating by resonant mode conversion of Alfvén wave journal, January 1976

Kinetic theory of toroidicity‐induced Alfvén eigenmodes journal, September 1992

NOVA: A nonvariational code for solving the MHD stability of axisymmetric toroidal plasmas journal, July 1987

Numerical studies of edge localized instabilities in tokamaks journal, April 2002

Predictions and observations of global beta-induced Alfvén—acoustic modes in JET and NSTX
journal, November 2007

Super-thermal particles in hot plasmas—Kinetic models, numerical solution strategies, and comparison to tokamak experiments
journal, December 2013

Kinetic Alfvén eigenmodes at ASDEX Upgrade
journal, November 2009

Kinetic properties of shear Alfvén eigenmodes in tokamak plasmas
journal, December 2005

A numerical study of the high‐ n shear Alfvén spectrum gap and the high‐ n gap mode
journal, November 1992

Excitation of the toroidicity‐induced shear Alfvén eigenmode by fusion alpha particles in an ignited tokamak
journal, October 1989

Drift Alfvén energetic particle stability with circulating particles
journal, June 2020

Predictions and observations of low-shear beta-induced shear Alfvén–acoustic eigenmodes in toroidal plasmas
journal, October 2007

Existence of discrete modes in an unstable shear Alfvén continuous spectrum
journal, December 1998

Theoretical studies of low-frequency Alfvén modes in tokamak plasmas
journal, February 2022

Multiple Alfvén eigenmodes induced by energetic electrons and nonlinear mode couplings in EAST radio-frequency heated H-mode plasmas
journal, March 2021

MHD-Limits to Plasma Confinement
journal, January 1984

Analysis of Alfvén eigenmode destabilization by energetic particles in Large Helical Device using a Landau-closure model
journal, March 2017

Resistive toroidal stability of internal kink modes in circular and shaped tokamaks
journal, March 1992

A fast non-Fourier method for Landau-fluid operators
journal, May 2014

Theory of Alfvén eigenmodes in shear reversed plasmas
journal, September 2003

CASTOR: Normal-Mode Analysis of Resistive MHD Plasmas
journal, May 1998

Low-frequency Alfvén eigenmodes during the sawtooth cycle at ASDEX Upgrade
journal, April 2012

Mechanisms of energetic-particle transport in magnetically confined plasmas
journal, March 2020

On energetic-particle excitations of low-frequency Alfvén eigenmodes in toroidal plasma
journal, July 2017

Gyrokinetic simulation model for kinetic magnetohydrodynamic processes in magnetized plasmas
journal, January 2012

Drift waves and transport
journal, April 1999

Basic physics of Alfvén instabilities driven by energetic particles in toroidally confined plasmas
journal, May 2008

‘BAAE’ instabilities observed without fast ion drive
journal, December 2020

A Landau fluid model for electromagnetic plasma microturbulence
journal, July 2001

Continuum damping of high-mode-number toroidal Alfvén waves
journal, February 1992

Comparisons and physics basis of tokamak transport models and turbulence simulations
journal, March 2000

Computational challenges in magnetic-confinement fusion physics
journal, May 2016

Computational modeling of fully ionized magnetized plasmas using the fluid approximation
journal, May 2006

Chapter 5: Physics of energetic ions
journal, June 2007

Gyrokinetic analysis of low-n shear Alfvén and ion sound wave spectra in a high-beta tokamak plasma
journal, September 2017

Gyrokinetic simulation of low-frequency Alfvénic modes in DIII-D tokamak
journal, April 2021

Kinetic extensions of magnetohydrodynamics for axisymmetric toroidal plasmas
journal, February 1992

Toroidal self-consistent modeling of drift kinetic effects on the resistive wall mode
journal, November 2008

Radial Localization of Toroidicity-Induced Alfvén Eigenmodes
journal, October 2013

Effects of pressure gradient on existence of Alfvén cascade modes in reversed shear tokamak plasmas
journal, May 2006

Chapter 2: Plasma confinement and transport
journal, June 2007

Chapter 3: MHD stability, operational limits and disruptions
journal, June 2007

Theory on excitations of drift Alfvén waves by energetic particles. II. The general fishbone-like dispersion relation
journal, July 2014

Gyrokinetic particle simulation of beta-induced Alfven-acoustic eigenmode
journal, April 2016

Trapped electron stabilization of ballooning modes in low aspect ratio toroidal plasmas
journal, October 2004

Plasma pressure effect on Alfvén cascade eigenmodes
journal, November 2005

LIGKA: A linear gyrokinetic code for the description of background kinetic and fast particle effects on the MHD stability in tokamaks
journal, September 2007

CASTOR-K: Stability Analysis of Alfvén Eigenmodes in the Presence of Energetic Ions in Tokamaks
journal, July 1999

Verification and validation of linear gyrokinetic and kinetic-MHD simulations for internal kink instability in DIII-D tokamak
journal, January 2022

Gyrokinetic particle simulations of the effects of compressional magnetic perturbations on drift-Alfvenic instabilities in tokamaks
journal, August 2017

Global gyrokinetic particle simulations with kinetic electrons
journal, November 2007

Destabilization of energetic particle modes by localized particle sources
journal, November 2000

Theory and simulation of discrete kinetic beta induced Alfvén eigenmode in tokamak plasmas
journal, September 2010

Fluid moment models for Landau damping with application to the ion-temperature-gradient instability
journal, June 1990

On the polarization of shear Alfvén and acoustic continuous spectra in toroidal plasmas
journal, September 2020

Excitation of Internal Kink Modes by Trapped Energetic Beam Ions
journal, March 1984

Damping and drive of low-frequency modes in tokamak plasmas
journal, June 2008

Electromagnetic formulation of global gyrokinetic particle simulation in toroidal geometry
journal, December 2009

Excitation of the beta-induced Alfvén-acoustic eigenmode during sawtooth-like oscillation in EAST
journal, August 2020

A fluid–kinetic hybrid electron model for electromagnetic simulations
journal, May 2001

Kinetic damping of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes
journal, August 2005

Kinetic theory of low-frequency Alfvén modes in tokamaks
journal, November 1996

Simulation prediction of micro-instability transition and associated particle transport in tokamak plasmas
journal, January 2022

Shear Alfvén and acoustic continuum in general axisymmetric toroidal geometry
journal, August 2019

Effects of Plasma Diamagnetic Drift on Alfvén Continua and Discrete Eigenmodes in Tokamaks
journal, December 2020

Plasma equilibrium with rational magnetic surfaces
journal, January 1981

Numerical study of Alfvén eigenmodes in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
journal, May 2014

Global theory of beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode excited by energetic ions
journal, September 2015

A conservative scheme of drift kinetic electrons for gyrokinetic simulation of kinetic-MHD processes in toroidal plasmas
journal, October 2017

Reduced models for parallel magnetic field fluctuations and their impact on pressure gradient driven MHD instabilities in axisymmetric toroidal plasmas
journal, August 2019

Kinetic damping of Alfvén eigenmodes in general tokamak geometry
journal, July 2009

High Mode Number Stability of an Axisymmetric Toroidal Plasma
journal, February 1979

Continuum damping of low‐ n toroidicity‐induced shear Alfvén eigenmodes
journal, March 1992

Parallel magnetic field perturbations in gyrokinetic simulations
journal, July 2010

Turbulent Transport Reduction by Zonal Flows: Massively Parallel Simulations
journal, September 1998

Theoretical Interpretation of Alfvén Cascades in Tokamaks with Nonmonotonic $q$ Profiles
journal, October 2001

Global simulations of ion turbulence with magnetic shear reversal
journal, June 2001

Kinetic processes in plasma heating by resonant mode conversion of Alfvén wave
journal, January 1976

Kinetic theory of toroidicity‐induced Alfvén eigenmodes
journal, September 1992

NOVA: A nonvariational code for solving the MHD stability of axisymmetric toroidal plasmas
journal, July 1987

Numerical studies of edge localized instabilities in tokamaks
journal, April 2002

Parallel equilibrium current effect on existence of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes
journal, February 2015

Direct Measurement of the Damping of Toroidicity-Induced Alfvén Eigenmodes
journal, July 1995

Verification and validation of integrated simulation of energetic particles in fusion plasmas
journal, April 2019