Simulating the Transport and Rupture of Pollen in the Atmosphere
Abstract
Pollen, one type of primary biological aerosol particle (PBAP), is emitted from the terrestrial biosphere and can undergo physical changes in the atmosphere via particle rupture. To examine the fate of pollen and its atmospheric processing, a pollen emission and transport scheme is coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). We simulate the emission of pollen and its impacts on the cloud properties and precipitation in the Southern Great Plains from 12 to 19 April 2013, a period with both high pollen emissions and convective activity. We conduct a suite of ensemble runs that simulate primary pollen and three different pollen rupture mechanisms that generate subpollen particles, including (a) high humidity-induced surface rupture, (b) high humidity-induced in-atmosphere plus surface rupture, and (c) lightning-induced rupture, where in-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning strikes trigger pollen rupture events. When relative humidity is high (>80%), coarse primary pollen (~1 μg m–3) is converted into fine subpollen particles (~1.2e–4 μg m–3), which produces 80% more subpollen particles than lightning-induced rupture. The in-atmosphere humidity-driven rupture predominantly produces subpollen particles, which is further enhanced during a frontal thunderstorm. During strong convection, vertical updrafts lift primary pollen and subpollen particles (~0.5e–4 μg m–3) to themore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2]
- Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division; National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1969122
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0019084; AGS-1821173
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 15; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1942-2466
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; biological particles; clouds; aerosols
Citation Formats
Subba, Tamanna, Zhang, Yingxiao, and Steiner, Allison L. Simulating the Transport and Rupture of Pollen in the Atmosphere. United States: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1029/2022ms003329.
Subba, Tamanna, Zhang, Yingxiao, & Steiner, Allison L. Simulating the Transport and Rupture of Pollen in the Atmosphere. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003329
Subba, Tamanna, Zhang, Yingxiao, and Steiner, Allison L. Mon .
"Simulating the Transport and Rupture of Pollen in the Atmosphere". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003329. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1969122.
@article{osti_1969122,
title = {Simulating the Transport and Rupture of Pollen in the Atmosphere},
author = {Subba, Tamanna and Zhang, Yingxiao and Steiner, Allison L.},
abstractNote = {Pollen, one type of primary biological aerosol particle (PBAP), is emitted from the terrestrial biosphere and can undergo physical changes in the atmosphere via particle rupture. To examine the fate of pollen and its atmospheric processing, a pollen emission and transport scheme is coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). We simulate the emission of pollen and its impacts on the cloud properties and precipitation in the Southern Great Plains from 12 to 19 April 2013, a period with both high pollen emissions and convective activity. We conduct a suite of ensemble runs that simulate primary pollen and three different pollen rupture mechanisms that generate subpollen particles, including (a) high humidity-induced surface rupture, (b) high humidity-induced in-atmosphere plus surface rupture, and (c) lightning-induced rupture, where in-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning strikes trigger pollen rupture events. When relative humidity is high (>80%), coarse primary pollen (~1 μg m–3) is converted into fine subpollen particles (~1.2e–4 μg m–3), which produces 80% more subpollen particles than lightning-induced rupture. The in-atmosphere humidity-driven rupture predominantly produces subpollen particles, which is further enhanced during a frontal thunderstorm. During strong convection, vertical updrafts lift primary pollen and subpollen particles (~0.5e–4 μg m–3) to the upper troposphere (~12 km) and laterally transports the ruptured pollen in the anvil top outflow. In regions of high pollen and strong convection, ruptured pollen can influence warm cloud formation by decreasing low cloud (<4 km) cloud water mixing ratios and increasing ice phase hydrometeors aloft (>10 km)},
doi = {10.1029/2022ms003329},
journal = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems},
number = 3,
volume = 15,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 27 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Mon Mar 27 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Modal aerosol dynamics model for Europe
journal, September 1998
- Ackermann, Ingmar J.; Hass, Heinz; Memmesheimer, M.
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 32, Issue 17
Aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions. Part 1. The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols
journal, July 2008
- Andreae, M. O.; Rosenfeld, D.
- Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 89, Issue 1-2
Stormy weather: a retrospective analysis of demand for emergency medical services during epidemic thunderstorm asthma
journal, December 2017
- Andrew, Emily; Nehme, Ziad; Bernard, Stephen
- BMJ
Impacts of oak pollen on allergic asthma in the United States and potential influence of future climate change: Climate Impacts on Oak Pollen and Health
journal, May 2017
- Anenberg, Susan C.; Weinberger, Kate R.; Roman, Henry
- GeoHealth, Vol. 1, Issue 3
Physical and chemical characterization of bioaerosols – Implications for nucleation processes
journal, January 2009
- Ariya, P. A.; Sun, J.; Eltouny, N. A.
- International Reviews in Physical Chemistry, Vol. 28, Issue 1
Pediatric patient asthma-related emergency department visits and admissions in Washington, DC, from 2001–2004, and associations with air quality, socio-economic status and age group
journal, March 2007
- Babin, Steven M.; Burkom, Howard S.; Holtry, Rekha S.
- Environmental Health, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Are convergence lines associated with high asthma presentation days? A case-control study in Melbourne, Australia
journal, October 2020
- Bannister, Tony; Csutoros, Danny; Arnold, Anna-Lena
- Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 737
Application of Satellite-Derived Atmospheric Motion Vectors for Estimating Mesoscale Flows
journal, November 2005
- Bedka, Kristopher M.; Mecikalski, John R.
- Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 44, Issue 11
Allergen aerosol from pollen-nucleated precipitation: A novel thunderstorm asthma trigger
journal, March 2017
- Beggs, Paul John
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 152
Bounding global aerosol radiative forcing of climate change
journal, November 2019
- Bellouin, N.; Quaas, J.; Gryspeerdt, E.
- Reviews of Geophysics
The formation of atmospheric ice crystals by the freezing of droplets
journal, October 1953
- Bigg, E. K.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 79, Issue 342
Shallowness of tropical low clouds as a predictor of climate models’ response to warming
journal, October 2015
- Brient, Florent; Schneider, Tapio; Tan, Zhihong
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 47, Issue 1-2
Aerosols enhance cloud lifetime and brightness along the stratus-to-cumulus transition
journal, July 2020
- Christensen, Matthew W.; Jones, William K.; Stier, Philip
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, Issue 30
Ice Initiation in Natural Clouds
journal, December 1986
- Cooper, William A.
- Meteorological Monographs, Vol. 43
Tree Pollen and Hospitalization for Asthma in Urban Canada
journal, January 2008
- Dales, Robert E.; Cakmak, Sabit; Judek, Stan
- International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, Vol. 146, Issue 3
Influence of outdoor aeroallergens on hospitalization for asthma in Canada
journal, February 2004
- Dales, Robert E.; Cakmak, Sabit; Judek, Stan
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 113, Issue 2
Latest news on relationship between thunderstorms and respiratory allergy, severe asthma, and deaths for asthma
journal, January 2019
- D'Amato, Gennaro; Annesi‐Maesano, Isabella; Cecchi, Lorenzo
- Allergy, Vol. 74, Issue 1
Thunderstorm-related asthma: what happens and why
journal, February 2016
- D'Amato, G.; Vitale, C.; D'Amato, M.
- Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Vol. 46, Issue 3
Ambient pollen concentrations and emergency department visits for asthma and wheeze
journal, September 2012
- Darrow, Lyndsey A.; Hess, Jeremy; Rogers, Christine A.
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 130, Issue 3
Differential Sedimentation of Pollen Grains in Lakes1: Differential Sedimentation of Pollen Grains
journal, July 1973
- Davis, Margaret Bryan; Brubaker, Linda B.
- Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 18, Issue 4
The Density of Wheat Starch Granules: A Tracer Dilution Procedure for Determining the Density of an Immiscible Dispersed Phase
journal, January 1978
- Dengate, H. N.; Baruch, D. W.; Meredith, P.
- Starch - Stärke, Vol. 30, Issue 3
Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review
journal, January 2012
- Després, VivianeR.; Huffman, J. Alex; Burrows, Susannah M.
- Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Vol. 64, Issue 1
The ice nucleating ability of pollen
journal, July 2001
- Diehl, K.; Quick, C.; Matthias-Maser, S.
- Atmospheric Research, Vol. 58, Issue 2
Surging wildfire activity in a grassland biome
journal, June 2017
- Donovan, Victoria M.; Wonkka, Carissa L.; Twidwell, Dirac
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 12
Boreal pollen contain ice-nucleating as well as ice-binding ‘antifreeze’ polysaccharides
journal, February 2017
- Dreischmeier, Katharina; Budke, Carsten; Wiehemeier, Lars
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Atmospheric modelling of grass pollen rupturing mechanisms for thunderstorm asthma prediction
journal, April 2021
- Emmerson, Kathryn M.; Silver, Jeremy D.; Thatcher, Marcus
- PLOS ONE, Vol. 16, Issue 4
Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4)
journal, January 2010
- Emmons, L. K.; Walters, S.; Hess, P. G.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Microphysical effects determine macrophysical response for aerosol impacts on deep convective clouds
journal, November 2013
- Fan, J.; Leung, L. R.; Rosenfeld, D.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 48
Numerical Study of Nocturnal Low-Level Jets over Gently Sloping Terrain
journal, August 2017
- Fedorovich, Evgeni; Gibbs, Jeremy A.; Shapiro, Alan
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 74, Issue 9
Average protein density is a molecular-weight-dependent function
journal, October 2004
- Fischer, Hannes; Polikarpov, Igor; Craievich, Aldo F.
- Protein Science, Vol. 13, Issue 10
High diversity of fungi in air particulate matter
journal, July 2009
- Frohlich-Nowoisky, J.; Pickersgill, D. A.; Despres, V. R.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 106, Issue 31
A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques: PARAMETERIZING CONVECTION COMBINING ENSEMBLE AND DATA ASSIMILATION TECHNIQUES
journal, July 2002
- Grell, Georg A.; Dévényi, Dezső
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, Issue 14
Fully coupled “online” chemistry within the WRF model
journal, December 2005
- Grell, Georg A.; Peckham, Steven E.; Schmitz, Rainer
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 39, Issue 37
Abortive pollen germination: A mechanism of allergen release in birch, alder, and hazel revealed by immunogold electron microscopy
journal, May 2003
- Grote, Monika; Valenta, Rudolf; Reichelt, Rudolf
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 111, Issue 5
Release of allergen-bearing cytoplasm from hydrated pollen: A mechanism common to a variety of grass (Poaceae) species revealed by electron microscopy☆
journal, July 2001
- Grote, Monika; Vrtala, Susanne; Niederberger, Verena
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 108, Issue 1
The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions
journal, January 2012
- Guenther, A. B.; Jiang, X.; Heald, C. L.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 5, Issue 6
Oxidative Processing Lowers the Ice Nucleation Activity of Birch and Alder Pollen
journal, February 2018
- Gute, Ellen; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 3
Production of secondary ice particles during the riming process
journal, May 1974
- Hallett, J.; Mossop, S. C.
- Nature, Vol. 249, Issue 5452
Numerical modelling of pollen dispersion on the regional scale
journal, March 2004
- Helbig, Nora; Vogel, Bernhard; Vogel, Heike
- Aerobiologia, Vol. 20, Issue 1
A New Vertical Diffusion Package with an Explicit Treatment of Entrainment Processes
journal, September 2006
- Hong, Song-You; Noh, Yign; Dudhia, Jimy
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 134, Issue 9
Characterization of Atmospheric Pollen Fragments during Springtime Thunderstorms
journal, May 2020
- Hughes, Dagen D.; Mampage, Chamari B. A.; Jones, Lillian M.
- Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 6
Abundance of Cellular Material and Proteins in the Atmosphere
journal, April 2005
- Jaenicke, R.
- Science, Vol. 308, Issue 5718
The effects of meteorological factors on atmospheric bioaerosol concentrations—a review
journal, June 2004
- Jones, Alan M.; Harrison, Roy M.
- Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 326, Issue 1-3
Bioaerosol generation by raindrops on soil
journal, March 2017
- Joung, Young Soo; Ge, Zhifei; Buie, Cullen R.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
The Influence of Aerosol Hygroscopicity on Precipitation Intensity During a Mesoscale Convective Event
journal, January 2018
- Kawecki, Stacey; Steiner, Allison L.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 1
Thunderstorm Asthma: Looking Back and Looking Forward
journal, September 2020
- Kevat, Ajay
- Journal of Asthma and Allergy, Vol. Volume 13
Aerosol–Ice Formation Closure: A Southern Great Plains Field Campaign
journal, October 2021
- Knopf, D. A.; Barry, K. R.; Brubaker, T. A.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 102, Issue 10
Increases in air temperature can promote wind-driven dispersal and spread of plants
journal, June 2009
- Kuparinen, Anna; Katul, Gabriel; Nathan, Ran
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 276, Issue 1670
Modeling air-mediated dispersal of spores, pollen and seeds in forested areas
journal, November 2007
- Kuparinen, Anna; Markkanen, Tiina; Riikonen, Hermanni
- Ecological Modelling, Vol. 208, Issue 2-4
Air-Mediated Pollen flow from Genetically Modified to Conventional Crops
journal, March 2007
- Kuparinen, Anna; Schurr, Frank; Tackenberg, Oliver
- Ecological Applications, Vol. 17, Issue 2
Climate Change and Future Pollen Allergy in Europe
journal, March 2017
- Lake, Iain R.; Jones, Natalia R.; Agnew, Maureen
- Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 125, Issue 3
Atmospheric fungal nanoparticle bursts
journal, January 2020
- Lawler, Michael J.; Draper, Danielle C.; Smith, James N.
- Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 3
A double-threshold temperature sum model for predicting the flowering duration and relative intensity of Betula pendula and B. pubescens
journal, December 2010
- Linkosalo, Tapio; Ranta, Hanna; Oksanen, Annukka
- Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 150, Issue 12
Large-Scale Meteorological Conditions Associated with Midlatitude, Mesoscale Convective Complexes
journal, July 1983
- Maddox, Robert A.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 111, Issue 7
Elevated birch pollen episodes in Denmark: contributions from remote sources
journal, July 2007
- Mahura, Alexander G.; Korsholm, Ulrik S.; Baklanov, Alexander A.
- Aerobiologia, Vol. 23, Issue 3
Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States
journal, January 1994
- Malm, William C.; Sisler, James F.; Huffman, Dale
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 99, Issue D1
Abrupt Southern Great Plains thunderstorm shifts linked to glacial climate variability
journal, May 2021
- Maupin, Christopher R.; Roark, E. Brendan; Thirumalai, Kaustubh
- Nature Geoscience, Vol. 14, Issue 6
Meteorological Influences on Respirable Fragment Release from Chinese Elm Pollen
journal, August 2006
- Miguel, Ann G.; Taylor, Philip E.; House, James
- Aerosol Science and Technology, Vol. 40, Issue 9
Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave
journal, July 1997
- Mlawer, Eli J.; Taubman, Steven J.; Brown, Patrick D.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 102, Issue D14
Low-level jets and the summer precipitation regimes over North America
journal, March 2004
- Mo, Kingtse C.; Berbery, Ernesto H.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 109, Issue D6
Spread of North American wind-dispersed trees in future environments: Spread of wind-dispersed trees
journal, January 2011
- Nathan, Ran; Horvitz, Nir; He, Yanping
- Ecology Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 3
Estimates of Present and Future Asthma Emergency Department Visits Associated With Exposure to Oak, Birch, and Grass Pollen in the United States
journal, January 2019
- Neumann, James E.; Anenberg, Susan C.; Weinberger, Kate R.
- GeoHealth, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Effect of thunderstorms and airborne grass pollen on the incidence of acute asthma in England, 1990-94
journal, August 1997
- Newson, R.; Strachan, D.; Archibald, E.
- Thorax, Vol. 52, Issue 8
Long-term measurements of submicrometer aerosol chemistry at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM)
journal, April 2015
- Parworth, Caroline; Fast, Jerome; Mei, Fan
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 106
Observational evidence of a change in radiative forcing due to the indirect aerosol effect
journal, January 2004
- Penner, Joyce E.; Dong, Xiquan; Chen, Yang
- Nature, Vol. 427, Issue 6971
Outdoor Environment and Pediatric Asthma: An Update on the Evidence from North America
journal, January 2017
- Pollock, Jenna; Shi, Lu; Gimbel, Ronald W.
- Canadian Respiratory Journal, Vol. 2017
Rainforest Aerosols as Biogenic Nuclei of Clouds and Precipitation in the Amazon
journal, September 2010
- Poschl, U.; Martin, S. T.; Sinha, B.
- Science, Vol. 329, Issue 5998
Influence of Giant CCN on warm rain processes in the ECHAM5 GCM
journal, January 2008
- Posselt, R.; Lohmann, U.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 14
Suspendable macromolecules are responsible for ice nucleation activity of birch and conifer pollen
journal, January 2012
- Pummer, B. G.; Bauer, H.; Bernardi, J.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 5
Influence of rain on the abundance of bioaerosols in fine and coarse particles
journal, January 2017
- Rathnayake, Chathurika M.; Metwali, Nervana; Jayarathne, Thilina
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 3
Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol within a comprehensive air quality model system
journal, November 2001
- Schell, Benedikt; Ackermann, Ingmar J.; Hass, Heinz
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 106, Issue D22
A numerical model of birch pollen emission and dispersion in the atmosphere. Description of the emission module
journal, March 2012
- Sofiev, M.; Siljamo, P.; Ranta, H.
- International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 57, Issue 1
Towards numerical forecasting of long-range air transport of birch pollen: theoretical considerations and a feasibility study
journal, April 2006
- Sofiev, M.; Siljamo, P.; Ranta, H.
- International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 50, Issue 6
Pollen as atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei: POLLEN AS CCN
journal, May 2015
- Steiner, Allison L.; Brooks, Sarah D.; Deng, Chunhua
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 9
The second generation regional acid deposition model chemical mechanism for regional air quality modeling
journal, January 1990
- Stockwell, William R.; Middleton, Paulette; Chang, Julius S.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue D10
Airborne sub-pollen particles from rupturing giant ragweed pollen
journal, May 2021
- Stone, Elizabeth A.; Mampage, Chamari B. A.; Hughes, Dagen D.
- Aerobiologia, Vol. 37, Issue 3
Estimation of Possible Primary Biological Particle Emissions and Rupture Events at the Southern Great Plains ARM Site
journal, August 2021
- Subba, Tamanna; Lawler, Michael J.; Steiner, Allison L.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 126, Issue 16
Atmospheric organic and bio-aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN): A review
journal, February 2006
- Sun, J.; Ariya, P.
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 40, Issue 5
Mechanism of grass-pollen-induced asthma
journal, March 1992
- Suphioglu, C.; Singh, M. B.; Taylor, P.
- The Lancet, Vol. 339, Issue 8793
Modeling Long-Distance Dispersal of Plant Diaspores by wind
journal, May 2003
- Tackenberg, Oliver
- Ecological Monographs, Vol. 73, Issue 2
Water adsorption and hygroscopic growth of six anemophilous pollen species: the effect of temperature
journal, February 2019
- Tang, Mingjin; Gu, Wenjun; Ma, Qingxin
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 4
Release of allergens as respirable aerosols: A link between grass pollen and asthma
journal, January 2002
- Taylor, Philip E.; Flagan, Richard C.; Valenta, Rudolf
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 109, Issue 1
Thunderstorm asthma
journal, September 2004
- Taylor, Philip E.; Jonsson, Haflidi
- Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 5
The Melbourne epidemic thunderstorm asthma event 2016: an investigation of environmental triggers, effect on health services, and patient risk factors
journal, June 2018
- Thien, Francis; Beggs, Paul J.; Csutoros, Danny
- The Lancet Planetary Health, Vol. 2, Issue 6
Modelling analysis of source regions of long-range transported birch pollen that influences allergenic seasons in Lithuania
journal, November 2009
- Veriankaitė, Laura; Siljamo, Pilvi; Sofiev, Mikhail
- Aerobiologia, Vol. 26, Issue 1
Coupling between lower-tropospheric convective mixing and low-level clouds: Physical mechanisms and dependence on convection scheme: SHALLOW CONVECTIVE MIXING AND LOW-CLOUDS
journal, December 2016
- Vial, Jessica; Bony, Sandrine; Dufresne, Jean-Louis
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Mechanisms and Model Diversity of Trade-Wind Shallow Cumulus Cloud Feedbacks: A Review
journal, July 2017
- Vial, Jessica; Bony, Sandrine; Stevens, Bjorn
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Pollen Rupture and Its Impact on Precipitation in Clean Continental Conditions
journal, July 2018
- Wozniak, M. C.; Solmon, F.; Steiner, A. L.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 14
A prognostic pollen emissions model for climate models (PECM1.0)
journal, January 2017
- Wozniak, Matthew C.; Steiner, Allison L.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 10, Issue 11
First reported case of thunderstorm asthma in Israel
journal, January 2019
- Yair, Yoav; Yair, Yifat; Rubin, Baruch
- Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 12
Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease
journal, March 2014
- Zhang, R.; Duhl, T.; Salam, M. T.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 6
Climate change effect on Betula (birch) and Quercus (oak) pollen seasons in the United States
journal, June 2013
- Zhang, Yong; Bielory, Leonard; Georgopoulos, Panos G.
- International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 58, Issue 5
Projected climate-driven changes in pollen emission season length and magnitude over the continental United States
journal, March 2022
- Zhang, Yingxiao; Steiner, Allison L.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1
Lightning NO2 simulation over the contiguous US and its effects on satellite NO2 retrievals
journal, January 2019
- Zhu, Qindan; Laughner, Joshua L.; Cohen, Ronald C.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 20
Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central North America
journal, February 2011
- Ziska, L.; Knowlton, K.; Rogers, C.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 10