The scientific potential and technological challenges of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider program

Brüning, Oliver; Gray, Heather; Klein, Katja; Lamont, Mike; Narain, Meenakshi; Polifka, Richard; Rossi, Lucio

doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ac5106

Title: The scientific potential and technological challenges of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider program

Abstract

Here, we present an overview of the High-Luminosity (HL-LHC) program at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), its scientific potential and technological challenges for both the accelerator and detectors. The HL-LHC program is expected to start circa 2027 and aims to increase the integrated luminosity delivered by the LHC by an order of magnitude at the collision energy of 14 TeV. This requires upgrades to the injector system, accelerator complex and luminosity levelling. The two experiments, ATLAS and CMS, require substantial upgrades to most of their systems in order to cope with the increased interaction rate, and much higher radiation levels than at the current LHC. We present selected examples based on novel ideas and technologies for applications at a hadron collider. Both experiments will replace their tracking systems. We describe the ATLAS pixel detector upgrade featuring novel tilted modules, and the CMS Outer Tracker upgrade with a new module design enabling use of tracks in the level-1 trigger system. CMS will also install state-of-the-art highly segmented calorimeter endcaps. Finally, we describe new picosecond precision timing detectors of both experiments. In addition, we discuss how the upgrades will enhance the physics performance of the experiments, and solve the computing challenges posedmore »« less

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[1];

^[4];

^[5];

^[6]

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany)
Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)
Czech Technical Univ., Prague (Czech Republic)
Univ. of Milan (Italy); National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan (Italy)

Publication Date:: Tue Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

OSTI Identifier:: 1960394

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0010010

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Reports on Progress in Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 85; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-4885

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; High-Luminosity LHC; Upgrade; ATLAS; CMS; particle physics; Higgs boson; Physics beyond Standard Model

Citation Formats


                    Brüning, Oliver, Gray, Heather, Klein, Katja, Lamont, Mike, Narain, Meenakshi, Polifka, Richard, and Rossi, Lucio. The scientific potential and technological challenges of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider program.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ac5106.

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                    Brüning, Oliver, Gray, Heather, Klein, Katja, Lamont, Mike, Narain, Meenakshi, Polifka, Richard, & Rossi, Lucio. The scientific potential and technological challenges of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider program.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ac5106

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                    Brüning, Oliver, Gray, Heather, Klein, Katja, Lamont, Mike, Narain, Meenakshi, Polifka, Richard, and Rossi, Lucio. Tue .  
"The scientific potential and technological challenges of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider program".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ac5106.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1960394.

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@article{osti_1960394,

  title        = {The scientific potential and technological challenges of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider program},

  author       = {Brüning, Oliver and Gray, Heather and Klein, Katja and Lamont, Mike and Narain, Meenakshi and Polifka, Richard and Rossi, Lucio},

  abstractNote = {Here, we present an overview of the High-Luminosity (HL-LHC) program at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), its scientific potential and technological challenges for both the accelerator and detectors. The HL-LHC program is expected to start circa 2027 and aims to increase the integrated luminosity delivered by the LHC by an order of magnitude at the collision energy of 14 TeV. This requires upgrades to the injector system, accelerator complex and luminosity levelling. The two experiments, ATLAS and CMS, require substantial upgrades to most of their systems in order to cope with the increased interaction rate, and much higher radiation levels than at the current LHC. We present selected examples based on novel ideas and technologies for applications at a hadron collider. Both experiments will replace their tracking systems. We describe the ATLAS pixel detector upgrade featuring novel tilted modules, and the CMS Outer Tracker upgrade with a new module design enabling use of tracks in the level-1 trigger system. CMS will also install state-of-the-art highly segmented calorimeter endcaps. Finally, we describe new picosecond precision timing detectors of both experiments. In addition, we discuss how the upgrades will enhance the physics performance of the experiments, and solve the computing challenges posed by the expected large data sets. The physics program of the HL-LHC is focused on precision measurements probing the limits of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics and discovering new physics. We present a selection of studies that have been carried out to motivate the HL-LHC program. A central topic of exploration will be the characterization of the Higgs boson. The large HL-LHC data samples will extend the sensitivity of searches for new particles or new interactions whose existence has been hypothesized in order to explain shortcomings of the SM. Finally, we comment on the nature of large scientific collaborations.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1361-6633/ac5106},

  journal      = {Reports on Progress in Physics},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 85,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Tue Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

Copy to clipboard

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Title: The scientific potential and technological challenges of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider program

Abstract

Citation Formats

Observation of the Top Quark journal, April 1995

Softly broken supersymmetry and SU(5) journal, December 1981

The Littlest Higgs journal, July 2002

Spontaneously broken supersymmetric theories of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions journal, January 1977

The gauge hierarchy problem, technicolor, supersymmetry, and all that journal, February 1984

Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC journal, September 2012

Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC journal, September 2012

A new golden age for computer architecture journal, January 2019

Development of superconducting links for the Large Hadron Collider machine journal, March 2014

The minimal composite Higgs model journal, July 2005

Partial-symmetries of weak interactions journal, February 1961

Republication of: The redshift of extragalactic nebulae journal, November 2008

The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter journal, June 1998

SU(2) × U(1) breaking by vacuum misalignment journal, March 1984

Experimental observation of lepton pairs of invariant mass around 95 GeV/c2 at the CERN SPS collider journal, July 1983

Observation of Top Quark Production in p ¯ p Collisions with the Collider Detector at Fermilab journal, April 1995

Particle dark matter: evidence, candidates and constraints journal, January 2005

Advantages of the color octet gluon picture journal, November 1973

Broken symmetries, massless particles and gauge fields journal, September 1964

Observation of single isolated electrons of high transverse momentum in events with missing transverse energy at the CERN p collider journal, March 1983

Long-lived particles at the energy frontier: the MATHUSLA physics case journal, October 2019

Experience with a 30 cm2 silicon pixel plane in CERN experiment WA97 journal, June 1995

The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report - Volume 3.II: Accelerator Baseline Design report, June 2013

Dynamical breaking of supersymmetry journal, October 1981

Combined measurements of Higgs boson production and decay using up to 80 fb − 1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS experiment journal, January 2020

The Higgs as a Composite Nambu-Goldstone Boson conference, January 2012

Search for direct pair production of supersymmetric partners to the $${\uptau }_{}^{}$$τ lepton in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV} $$s=13TeV journal, March 2020

Evidence for Z0→e+e− at the CERN p collider journal, September 1983

Is the neutrino a goldstone particle? journal, September 1973

Superconducting magnets for particle accelerators journal, May 1991

Combination of searches for Higgs boson pairs in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector journal, January 2020

Supergauge invariant extension of quantum electrodynamics journal, August 1974

Measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign W boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV journal, January 2021

Supergauge transformations in four dimensions journal, February 1974

Anatomy of a composite Higgs model journal, January 1985

Experimental validation of the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) scheme at the LHC journal, July 2017

Little Higgs Theories journal, December 2005

Observation of tau neutrino interactions journal, April 2001

Technology developments and first measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) for high energy physics applications journal, November 2014

Beam test performance of prototype silicon detectors for the Outer Tracker for the Phase-2 Upgrade of CMS journal, March 2020

Detection of high energy muons with sub-20 ps timing resolution using L(Y)SO crystals and SiPM readout journal, September 2016

Echoes of a hidden valley at hadron colliders journal, August 2007

FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2 journal, June 2019

FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3 journal, July 2019

Experimental observation of isolated large transverse energy electrons with associated missing energy at journal, February 1983

The DELPHI pixels journal, February 1997

Geant4—a simulation toolkit journal, July 2003

Assessment of the performance of High-Luminosity LHC operational scenarios: integrated luminosity and effective pile-up density journal, May 2019

Gaugino mass without singlets journal, December 1998

Erratum to “Strong dynamics and electroweak symmetry breaking” [Phys. Rep. 381 (2003) 235–402] journal, February 2004

Cosmological constraints on the properties of weakly interacting massive particles journal, January 1985

Supersymmetry and weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions journal, September 1976

Observation of the Top Quark
journal, April 1995

Softly broken supersymmetry and SU(5)
journal, December 1981

The Littlest Higgs
journal, July 2002

Spontaneously broken supersymmetric theories of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions
journal, January 1977

The gauge hierarchy problem, technicolor, supersymmetry, and all that
journal, February 1984

Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC
journal, September 2012

Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
journal, September 2012

A new golden age for computer architecture
journal, January 2019

Development of superconducting links for the Large Hadron Collider machine
journal, March 2014

The minimal composite Higgs model
journal, July 2005

Partial-symmetries of weak interactions
journal, February 1961

Republication of: The redshift of extragalactic nebulae
journal, November 2008

The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter
journal, June 1998

SU(2) × U(1) breaking by vacuum misalignment
journal, March 1984

Experimental observation of lepton pairs of invariant mass around 95 GeV/c2 at the CERN SPS collider
journal, July 1983

Observation of Top Quark Production in $\bar{p} p$ Collisions with the Collider Detector at Fermilab
journal, April 1995

Particle dark matter: evidence, candidates and constraints
journal, January 2005

Advantages of the color octet gluon picture
journal, November 1973

Broken symmetries, massless particles and gauge fields
journal, September 1964

Observation of single isolated electrons of high transverse momentum in events with missing transverse energy at the CERN p collider
journal, March 1983

Long-lived particles at the energy frontier: the MATHUSLA physics case
journal, October 2019

Experience with a 30 cm2 silicon pixel plane in CERN experiment WA97
journal, June 1995

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Dynamical breaking of supersymmetry
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Combined measurements of Higgs boson production and decay using up to $80 {fb}^{- 1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ collected with the ATLAS experiment
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The Higgs as a Composite Nambu-Goldstone Boson
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Search for direct pair production of supersymmetric partners to the $${\uptau }_{}^{}$$τ lepton in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV} $$s=13TeV
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Evidence for Z0→e+e− at the CERN p collider
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Is the neutrino a goldstone particle?
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Superconducting magnets for particle accelerators
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Combination of searches for Higgs boson pairs in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector
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Supergauge invariant extension of quantum electrodynamics
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Measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign W boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV
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Supergauge transformations in four dimensions
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Anatomy of a composite Higgs model
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Experimental validation of the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) scheme at the LHC
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Little Higgs Theories
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Observation of tau neutrino interactions
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Technology developments and first measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) for high energy physics applications
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Beam test performance of prototype silicon detectors for the Outer Tracker for the Phase-2 Upgrade of CMS
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Detection of high energy muons with sub-20 ps timing resolution using L(Y)SO crystals and SiPM readout
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Echoes of a hidden valley at hadron colliders
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FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2
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FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3
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Experimental observation of isolated large transverse energy electrons with associated missing energy at
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The DELPHI pixels
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Geant4—a simulation toolkit
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Assessment of the performance of High-Luminosity LHC operational scenarios: integrated luminosity and effective pile-up density
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Cosmological constraints on the properties of weakly interacting massive particles
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Supersymmetry and weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions
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