Ferroelectricity and superconductivity in strained EuxSr1–xTiO3 films

Combs, Nicholas G.; Jeong, Hanbyeol; Russell, Ryan; Kautzsch, Linus; Pardue, Tyler N.; Mates, Thomas E.; Wilson, Stephen D.; Harter, John W.; Stemmer, Susanne

doi:10.1103/physrevb.107.094504

Title: Ferroelectricity and superconductivity in strained Eu x Sr 1 – x TiO 3 films

Abstract

The superconducting transition of SrTiO₃ can be influenced by tuning its ferroelectric transition, but the underlying reasons remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate compressively strained, Sm-doped films of Eu_xSr_1-xTiO₃ that were grown by molecular beam epitaxy to determine the effect of alloying with Eu on both superconductivity and ferroelectricity, both of which are present in strained SrTiO₃ films. Remarkably, superconductivity survives up to x = 0.14. Films at the lowest alloy concentration studied here, x = 0.09, exhibit no suppression of their superconducting transition temperature, but a strong reduction of the upper critical field (H_c2), compared to non-alloyed, strained SrTiO₃ films. In addition, these films lack the sharp ferroelectric transition that appears in films without Eu in second harmonic generation measurements. Here, we postulate that Eu-alloying causes a crossover from a globally ordered ferroelectric state to one with only short-range polar order. We discuss the connection between the loss of global polar order and the change in the superconducting properties.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]; Russell, Ryan ^[1];

^[1]; Pardue, Tyler N. ^[1]; Mates, Thomas E. ^[1]; Wilson, Stephen D. ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2023

Research Org.:: Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1960040

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1960053; OSTI ID: 1960077

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020305; W911NF-16-1-0361; FG02-02ER45994; DEFG02-02ER45994

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review. B

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 107; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; Ferroelectricity; Quantum phase transitions; Superconductivity

Citation Formats


                    Combs, Nicholas G., Jeong, Hanbyeol, Russell, Ryan, Kautzsch, Linus, Pardue, Tyler N., Mates, Thomas E., Wilson, Stephen D., Harter, John W., and Stemmer, Susanne. Ferroelectricity and superconductivity in strained EuxSr1–xTiO3 films.  United States: N. p., 2023. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevb.107.094504.

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                    Combs, Nicholas G., Jeong, Hanbyeol, Russell, Ryan, Kautzsch, Linus, Pardue, Tyler N., Mates, Thomas E., Wilson, Stephen D., Harter, John W., & Stemmer, Susanne. Ferroelectricity and superconductivity in strained EuxSr1–xTiO3 films.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.107.094504

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                    Combs, Nicholas G., Jeong, Hanbyeol, Russell, Ryan, Kautzsch, Linus, Pardue, Tyler N., Mates, Thomas E., Wilson, Stephen D., Harter, John W., and Stemmer, Susanne. Mon .  
"Ferroelectricity and superconductivity in strained EuxSr1–xTiO3 films".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.107.094504.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1960040.

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@article{osti_1960040,

  title        = {Ferroelectricity and superconductivity in strained EuxSr1–xTiO3 films},

  author       = {Combs, Nicholas G. and Jeong, Hanbyeol and Russell, Ryan and Kautzsch, Linus and Pardue, Tyler N. and Mates, Thomas E. and Wilson, Stephen D. and Harter, John W. and Stemmer, Susanne},

  abstractNote = {The superconducting transition of SrTiO3 can be influenced by tuning its ferroelectric transition, but the underlying reasons remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate compressively strained, Sm-doped films of EuxSr1-xTiO3 that were grown by molecular beam epitaxy to determine the effect of alloying with Eu on both superconductivity and ferroelectricity, both of which are present in strained SrTiO3 films. Remarkably, superconductivity survives up to x = 0.14. Films at the lowest alloy concentration studied here, x = 0.09, exhibit no suppression of their superconducting transition temperature, but a strong reduction of the upper critical field (Hc2), compared to non-alloyed, strained SrTiO3 films. In addition, these films lack the sharp ferroelectric transition that appears in films without Eu in second harmonic generation measurements. Here, we postulate that Eu-alloying causes a crossover from a globally ordered ferroelectric state to one with only short-range polar order. We discuss the connection between the loss of global polar order and the change in the superconducting properties.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevb.107.094504},

  journal      = {Physical Review. B},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 107,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2023},

  month        = {Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2023}

}

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Order-Disorder Ferroelectric Transition of Strained SrTiO 3 journal, August 2020

Phase transitions and strain-induced ferroelectricity in SrTiO 3 epitaxial thin films journal, January 2000

Effects of paramagnetic pair-breaking and spin-orbital coupling on multi-band superconductivity journal, June 2020

Possible signatures of mixed-parity superconductivity in doped polar SrTi O 3 films journal, March 2020

Ferroelectric enhancement of superconductivity in compressively strained SrTiO 3 films journal, September 2019

Practical limits for detection of ferromagnetism using highly sensitive magnetometry techniques journal, May 2011

Isotope effect in superconducting n-doped SrTiO3 journal, November 2016

Tunability of the dielectric response of epitaxially strained SrTi O 3 from first principles journal, January 2005

Polar Nanodomains in a Ferroelectric Superconductor journal, August 2020

Superconductivity mediated by polar modes in ferroelectric metals journal, September 2020

Enhancing superconductivity in SrTiO 3 films with strain journal, April 2019

Superconducting 2D System with Lifted Spin Degeneracy: Mixed Singlet-Triplet State journal, July 2001

Role of locally polar regions in the superconductivity of SrTi O 3 journal, October 2021

Electron correlations due to pair spin–orbit interaction in 2D electron systems journal, September 2022

Preparation and properties of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 single crystals journal, April 1971

Superconductivity in magnetically doped SrTiO 3 journal, May 2021

Reducing surface depletion of superconducting SrTiO 3 films with EuTiO 3 capping layers journal, October 2021

Superconducting Transition Temperatures of Semiconducting SrTi O 3 journal, November 1967

A ferroelectric quantum phase transition inside the superconducting dome of Sr1−xCaxTiO3−δ journal, April 2017

Multiorbital ferroelectric superconductivity in doped SrTiO 3 journal, September 2019

High-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of MBE grown (Eu,Gd) Te layers journal, August 2005

Superconductivity in Single-Crystalline S r 1- x L a x T i O 3 journal, June 1996

Ferroelectricity in Strain-Free SrTiO 3 Thin Films journal, May 2010

Superconductivity in dilute SrTiO 3 : A review journal, June 2020

Strain-engineered interaction of quantum polar and superconducting phases journal, December 2019

Evidence of a topological Hall effect in Eu 1− x Sm x TiO 3 journal, October 2017

Domains within Domains and Walls within Walls: Evidence for Polar Domains in Cryogenic SrTiO 3 journal, December 2013

Anisotropic superconductivity mediated by ferroelectric fluctuations in cubic systems with spin-orbit coupling journal, May 2020

Enhancement of superconducting T c due to the spin-orbit interaction journal, May 2018

Pair breaking in multiorbital superconductors: An application to oxide interfaces journal, July 2015

Electron Correlation and Pairing States in Superconductors without Inversion Symmetry journal, May 2007

Superfluid density and carrier concentration across a superconducting dome: The case of strontium titanate journal, December 2017

Superconductivity in Semiconducting SrTi O 3 journal, April 1964

Transport and magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic metal: Eu 1 − x R x TiO 3 journal, December 1999

Superconductivity and spin–orbit coupling in non-centrosymmetric materials: a review journal, January 2017

Theory of a two-dimensional superconductor with broken inversion symmetry journal, July 2007

Influence of the Oxygen Content on the Electronic Transport Properties of Sr x Eu 1– x TiO 3-δ journal, April 2014

Ferroelectric microregion in KTa 1− x Nb x O 3 and SrTiO 3 journal, August 1989

Link between the Superconducting Dome and Spin-Orbit Interaction in the (111) LaAlO 3 / SrTi O 3 Interface journal, December 2017

Tutorial: Basic principles, limits of detection, and pitfalls of highly sensitive SQUID magnetometry for nanomagnetism and spintronics journal, October 2018

Room-temperature ferroelectricity in strained SrTiO3 journal, August 2004

Superconducting and Ferromagnetic Phases in SrTiO 3 / LaAlO 3 Oxide Interface Structures: Possibility of Finite Momentum Pairing journal, March 2012

Conventional magnetic superconductors journal, July 2015

Stress-induced ferroelectricity and soft phonon modes in SrTi O 3 journal, January 1976

Ferroelectricity Induced by Oxygen Isotope Exchange in Strontium Titanate Perovskite journal, April 1999

Raman scattering of ferroelectric Sr 1-x Ca x TiO 3 , x=0.007 journal, February 1994

Signatures of unconventional superconductivity in the LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3 two-dimensional system journal, April 2017

Novel pairing mechanism for superconductivity at a vanishing level of doping driven by critical ferroelectric modes journal, December 2018

Evidence on the quantum critical point in EuTiO3–SrTiO3 solid solution journal, November 2021

Theory of dirty superconductors journal, September 1959

Upper Critical Field as a Probe for Multiband Superconductivity in Bulk and Interfacial STO journal, April 2015

Quantum Critical Origin of the Superconducting Dome in SrTiO 3 journal, December 2015

Tuning the structural instability of SrTiO3by Eu doping: The phase diagram of Sr1−xEuxTiO3 journal, April 2012

Stoichiometry as key to ferroelectricity in compressively strained SrTiO 3 films journal, July 2016

Enhanced superconductivity close to a non-magnetic quantum critical point in electron-doped strontium titanate journal, February 2019

A strong ferroelectric ferromagnet created by means of spin–lattice coupling journal, August 2010

Spin-orbit-coupled ferroelectric superconductivity journal, July 2018

Growth of high-quality SrTiO3 films using a hybrid molecular beam epitaxy approach journal, May 2009

Similarity in the critical thicknesses for superconductivity and ferroelectricity in strained SrTiO3films journal, July 2022

Eu:CaF[sub 2] layers on p-Si(100) grown using molecular beam epitaxy as materials for Si-based optoelectronics journal, May 1998

Ultrathin two-dimensional superconductivity with strong spin–orbit coupling journal, September 2016

NMR study of disorder in Ba Ti O 3 and Sr Ti O 3 journal, February 2005

SrTi O 3 : An intrinsic quantum paraelectric below 4 K journal, April 1979

Sr 1 − x Ca x Ti O 3 : An XY Quantum Ferroelectric with Transition to Randomness journal, June 1984

Topological superconductivity and unconventional pairing in oxide interfaces journal, January 2015

Superconductivity enhancement in polar metal regions of Sr0.95Ba0.05TiO3 and Sr0.985Ca0.015TiO3 revealed by systematic Nb doping journal, November 2022

Tunable Rashba Spin-Orbit Interaction at Oxide Interfaces journal, March 2010

Indication for a novel phase in the quantum paraelectric regime of SrTiO3 journal, June 1991

Limitations of measuring small magnetic signals of samples deposited on a diamagnetic substrate journal, December 2008

Intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in superconducting $δ$ -doped SrTiO $_{3}$ heterostructures
journal, August 2012

Order-Disorder Ferroelectric Transition of Strained ${SrTiO}_{3}$
journal, August 2020

Phase transitions and strain-induced ferroelectricity in ${SrTiO}_{3}$ epitaxial thin films
journal, January 2000

Effects of paramagnetic pair-breaking and spin-orbital coupling on multi-band superconductivity
journal, June 2020

Possible signatures of mixed-parity superconductivity in doped polar $SrTi O_{3}$ films
journal, March 2020

Ferroelectric enhancement of superconductivity in compressively strained SrTiO 3 films
journal, September 2019

Practical limits for detection of ferromagnetism using highly sensitive magnetometry techniques
journal, May 2011

Isotope effect in superconducting n-doped SrTiO3
journal, November 2016

Tunability of the dielectric response of epitaxially strained $SrTi O_{3}$ from first principles
journal, January 2005

Polar Nanodomains in a Ferroelectric Superconductor
journal, August 2020

Superconductivity mediated by polar modes in ferroelectric metals
journal, September 2020

Enhancing superconductivity in SrTiO 3 films with strain
journal, April 2019

Superconducting 2D System with Lifted Spin Degeneracy: Mixed Singlet-Triplet State
journal, July 2001

Role of locally polar regions in the superconductivity of $SrTi O_{3}$
journal, October 2021

Electron correlations due to pair spin–orbit interaction in 2D electron systems
journal, September 2022

Preparation and properties of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 single crystals
journal, April 1971

Superconductivity in magnetically doped SrTiO ₃
journal, May 2021

Reducing surface depletion of superconducting SrTiO ₃ films with EuTiO ₃ capping layers
journal, October 2021

Superconducting Transition Temperatures of Semiconducting SrTi $O_{3}$
journal, November 1967

A ferroelectric quantum phase transition inside the superconducting dome of Sr1−xCaxTiO3−δ
journal, April 2017

Multiorbital ferroelectric superconductivity in doped ${SrTiO}_{3}$
journal, September 2019

High-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of MBE grown (Eu,Gd) Te layers
journal, August 2005

Superconductivity in Single-Crystalline S r _{1- x} L a _x T i O ₃
journal, June 1996

Ferroelectricity in Strain-Free ${SrTiO}_{3}$ Thin Films
journal, May 2010

Superconductivity in dilute SrTiO $_{3}$ : A review
journal, June 2020

Strain-engineered interaction of quantum polar and superconducting phases
journal, December 2019

Evidence of a topological Hall effect in Eu _{1− x} Sm _x TiO ₃
journal, October 2017

Domains within Domains and Walls within Walls: Evidence for Polar Domains in Cryogenic ${SrTiO}_{3}$
journal, December 2013

Anisotropic superconductivity mediated by ferroelectric fluctuations in cubic systems with spin-orbit coupling
journal, May 2020

Enhancement of superconducting $T_{c}$ due to the spin-orbit interaction
journal, May 2018

Pair breaking in multiorbital superconductors: An application to oxide interfaces
journal, July 2015

Electron Correlation and Pairing States in Superconductors without Inversion Symmetry
journal, May 2007

Superfluid density and carrier concentration across a superconducting dome: The case of strontium titanate
journal, December 2017

Superconductivity in Semiconducting SrTi $O_{3}$
journal, April 1964

Transport and magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic metal: ${Eu}_{1 - x} R_{x} {TiO}_{3}$
journal, December 1999

Superconductivity and spin–orbit coupling in non-centrosymmetric materials: a review
journal, January 2017

Theory of a two-dimensional superconductor with broken inversion symmetry
journal, July 2007

Influence of the Oxygen Content on the Electronic Transport Properties of Sr _x Eu _{1– x} TiO _3-δ
journal, April 2014

Ferroelectric microregion in KTa _{1− x} Nb _x O ₃ and SrTiO ₃
journal, August 1989

Link between the Superconducting Dome and Spin-Orbit Interaction in the (111) ${LaAlO}_{3} / SrTi O_{3}$ Interface
journal, December 2017

Tutorial: Basic principles, limits of detection, and pitfalls of highly sensitive SQUID magnetometry for nanomagnetism and spintronics
journal, October 2018

Room-temperature ferroelectricity in strained SrTiO₃
journal, August 2004

Superconducting and Ferromagnetic Phases in ${SrTiO}_{3} / {LaAlO}_{3}$ Oxide Interface Structures: Possibility of Finite Momentum Pairing
journal, March 2012

Conventional magnetic superconductors
journal, July 2015

Stress-induced ferroelectricity and soft phonon modes in SrTi $O_{3}$
journal, January 1976

Ferroelectricity Induced by Oxygen Isotope Exchange in Strontium Titanate Perovskite
journal, April 1999

Raman scattering of ferroelectric Sr _1-x Ca _x TiO ₃ , x=0.007
journal, February 1994

Signatures of unconventional superconductivity in the ${LaAlO}_{3}$ / ${SrTiO}_{3}$ two-dimensional system
journal, April 2017

Novel pairing mechanism for superconductivity at a vanishing level of doping driven by critical ferroelectric modes
journal, December 2018

Evidence on the quantum critical point in EuTiO3–SrTiO3 solid solution
journal, November 2021

Theory of dirty superconductors
journal, September 1959

Upper Critical Field as a Probe for Multiband Superconductivity in Bulk and Interfacial STO
journal, April 2015

Quantum Critical Origin of the Superconducting Dome in ${SrTiO}_{3}$
journal, December 2015

Tuning the structural instability of SrTiO3by Eu doping: The phase diagram of Sr1−xEuxTiO3
journal, April 2012

Stoichiometry as key to ferroelectricity in compressively strained SrTiO ₃ films
journal, July 2016

Enhanced superconductivity close to a non-magnetic quantum critical point in electron-doped strontium titanate
journal, February 2019

A strong ferroelectric ferromagnet created by means of spin–lattice coupling
journal, August 2010

Spin-orbit-coupled ferroelectric superconductivity
journal, July 2018

Growth of high-quality SrTiO3 films using a hybrid molecular beam epitaxy approach
journal, May 2009

Similarity in the critical thicknesses for superconductivity and ferroelectricity in strained SrTiO₃films
journal, July 2022

Eu:CaF[sub 2] layers on p-Si(100) grown using molecular beam epitaxy as materials for Si-based optoelectronics
journal, May 1998

Ultrathin two-dimensional superconductivity with strong spin–orbit coupling
journal, September 2016

NMR study of disorder in $Ba Ti O_{3}$ and $Sr Ti O_{3}$
journal, February 2005

SrTi $O_{3}$ : An intrinsic quantum paraelectric below 4 K
journal, April 1979

${Sr}_{1 - x} {Ca}_{x} Ti O_{3}$ : An $XY$ Quantum Ferroelectric with Transition to Randomness
journal, June 1984

Topological superconductivity and unconventional pairing in oxide interfaces
journal, January 2015

Superconductivity enhancement in polar metal regions of Sr0.95Ba0.05TiO3 and Sr0.985Ca0.015TiO3 revealed by systematic Nb doping
journal, November 2022

Tunable Rashba Spin-Orbit Interaction at Oxide Interfaces
journal, March 2010

Indication for a novel phase in the quantum paraelectric regime of SrTiO3
journal, June 1991

Limitations of measuring small magnetic signals of samples deposited on a diamagnetic substrate
journal, December 2008