Plant Cell Growth and Cell Wall Enlargement
Abstract
Irreversible cell enlargement begins with cell wall loosening which induces wall stress relaxation, leading to cell water uptake and cell enlargement. Growing cell walls consist of a cohesive network of cellulose microfibrils embedded in hydrophilic pectins and cellulose-binding hemicelluloses. Models of the growing cell wall are provisional hypotheses about how these wall polymers interact to make a strong yet extensible wall. Recent results clarify how wall strength, plasticity and elasticity depend mostly on the stretching, straightening and sliding of cellulose microfibril networks in the wall. Passive sliding of cellulose microfibrils is facilitated by nonenzymic proteins named expansins while various enzymes modify pectins and hemicelluloses, altering their interactions with each other and with cellulose. Growth cessation is correlated with reduced expression of genes that promote wall loosening as well as changes in the direction of cellulose deposition and the structure of matrix polysaccharides, leading to a less extensible cell wall.
- Authors:
-
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1915130
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1865664
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0001090; FG02-84ER13179
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS) (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS) (Online); Journal Volume: 2; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1476-9506
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; cell wall; cell wall stress; cell wall relaxation; cell enlargement; cell wall structure; pectins; xyloglucan (hemicellulose); cellulose; acid growth; wall stress relaxation; wall loosening; cell water; uptake; cell wall mechanics
Citation Formats
Cosgrove, Daniel J. Plant Cell Growth and Cell Wall Enlargement. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0029421.
Cosgrove, Daniel J. Plant Cell Growth and Cell Wall Enlargement. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0029421
Cosgrove, Daniel J. Wed .
"Plant Cell Growth and Cell Wall Enlargement". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0029421. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1915130.
@article{osti_1915130,
title = {Plant Cell Growth and Cell Wall Enlargement},
author = {Cosgrove, Daniel J.},
abstractNote = {Irreversible cell enlargement begins with cell wall loosening which induces wall stress relaxation, leading to cell water uptake and cell enlargement. Growing cell walls consist of a cohesive network of cellulose microfibrils embedded in hydrophilic pectins and cellulose-binding hemicelluloses. Models of the growing cell wall are provisional hypotheses about how these wall polymers interact to make a strong yet extensible wall. Recent results clarify how wall strength, plasticity and elasticity depend mostly on the stretching, straightening and sliding of cellulose microfibril networks in the wall. Passive sliding of cellulose microfibrils is facilitated by nonenzymic proteins named expansins while various enzymes modify pectins and hemicelluloses, altering their interactions with each other and with cellulose. Growth cessation is correlated with reduced expression of genes that promote wall loosening as well as changes in the direction of cellulose deposition and the structure of matrix polysaccharides, leading to a less extensible cell wall.},
doi = {10.1002/9780470015902.a0029421},
journal = {Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS) (Online)},
number = 11,
volume = 2,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Wed Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
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