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Title: Measurement of charged-pion production in deep-inelastic scattering off nuclei with the CLAS detector

Abstract

Background: Energetic quarks in nuclear DIS propagate through the nuclear medium. Processes that are believed to occur inside nuclei include quark energy loss through medium-stimulated gluon bremsstrahlung and intra-nuclear interactions of forming hadrons. More data are required to gain a more complete understanding of these effects. Purpose: To test the theoretical models of parton transport and hadron formation, we compared their predictions for the nuclear and kinematic dependence of pion production in nuclei. Methods: We have measured charged-pion production in semi-inclusive DIS off D, C, Fe, and Pb using the CLAS detector and the CEBAF 5.014 GeV electron beam. We report results on the nuclear-to-deuterium multiplicity ratio for $$\pi^{+}$$ and $$\pi^{-}$$ as a function of energy transfer, four-momentum transfer, and pion energy fraction or transverse momentum - the first three-dimensional study of its kind. Results: The $$\pi^{+}$$ multiplicity ratio is found to depend strongly on the pion fractional energy $$z$$, and reaches minimum values of $$0.67\pm0.03$$, $$0.43\pm0.02$$, and $$0.27\pm0.01$$ for the C, Fe, and Pb targets, respectively. The $$z$$ dependences of the multiplicity ratios for $$\pi^{+}$$ and $$\pi^{-}$$ are equal within uncertainties for C and Fe targets but show differences at the level of 10$$\%$$ for the Pb-target data. The results are qualitatively described by the GiBUU transport model, as well as with a model based on hadron absorption, but are in tension with calculations based on nuclear fragmentation functions. Conclusions: These precise results will strongly constrain the kinematic and flavor dependence of nuclear effects in hadron production, probing an unexplored kinematic region. They will help to reveal how the nucleus reacts to a fast quark, thereby shedding light on its color structure, transport properties, and on the mechanisms of the hadronization process.

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States). Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory; Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Contributing Org.:
CLAS Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1907791
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1840690; OSTI ID: 1882384
Report Number(s):
JLAB-PHY-21-3493; DOE/OR/-23177-5313; arXiv:2109.09951
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; TRN: US2311952
Grant/Contract Number:  
FG02-97ER41033; AC05-06OR23177; FG02-07ER41528
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review. C
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 105; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Color confinement; Deep inelastic scattering; Lepton induced nuclear reactions; Particle interactions; Particle production; Quantum chromodynamics; Strong interaction

Citation Formats

Morán, S., Dupre, R., Hakobyan, H., Arratia, M., Brooks, W. K., Bórquez, A., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Hafidi, K., Mendez, R., Mineeva, T., Paul, S. J., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, Giovanni, Armstrong, Whitney R., Atac, H., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, Fatiha, Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A. S., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Egiyan, H., Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Golubenko, A. A., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. D., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., McLauchlin, C., Meziani, Z. E., Migliorati, S., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T. R., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Ouillon, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Reed, Trevor, Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rowley, J., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, Kevin, Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W. Measurement of charged-pion production in deep-inelastic scattering off nuclei with the CLAS detector. United States: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1103/physrevc.105.015201.
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Morán, S., Dupre, R., Hakobyan, H., Arratia, M., Brooks, W. K., Bórquez, A., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Hafidi, K., Mendez, R., Mineeva, T., Paul, S. J., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, Giovanni, Armstrong, Whitney R., Atac, H., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, Fatiha, Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A. S., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Egiyan, H., Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Golubenko, A. A., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. D., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., McLauchlin, C., Meziani, Z. E., Migliorati, S., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T. R., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Ouillon, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Reed, Trevor, Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rowley, J., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, Kevin, Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., & Zhao, Z. W. Measurement of charged-pion production in deep-inelastic scattering off nuclei with the CLAS detector. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.105.015201
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Morán, S., Dupre, R., Hakobyan, H., Arratia, M., Brooks, W. K., Bórquez, A., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Hafidi, K., Mendez, R., Mineeva, T., Paul, S. J., Amaryan, M. J., Angelini, Giovanni, Armstrong, Whitney R., Atac, H., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Benmokhtar, Fatiha, Bianconi, A., Biondo, L., Biselli, A. S., Bossù, F., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Bulumulla, D., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Chatagnon, P., Chesnokov, V., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Egiyan, H., Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Golubenko, A. A., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Keller, D., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. D., Marchand, D., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., McKinnon, B., McLauchlin, C., Meziani, Z. E., Migliorati, S., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., O'Connell, T. R., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Ouillon, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, W., Pogorelko, O., Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Reed, Trevor, Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rowley, J., Sabatié, F., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Sokhan, D., Soto, O., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, Kevin, Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Wishart, R., Wood, M. H., Yale, B., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Z. W. Wed . "Measurement of charged-pion production in deep-inelastic scattering off nuclei with the CLAS detector". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.105.015201. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1907791.
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@article{osti_1907791,
title = {Measurement of charged-pion production in deep-inelastic scattering off nuclei with the CLAS detector},
author = {Morán, S. and Dupre, R. and Hakobyan, H. and Arratia, M. and Brooks, W. K. and Bórquez, A. and Alaoui, A. El and Fassi, L. El and Hafidi, K. and Mendez, R. and Mineeva, T. and Paul, S. J. and Amaryan, M. J. and Angelini, Giovanni and Armstrong, Whitney R. and Atac, H. and Baltzell, N. A. and Barion, L. and Bashkanov, M. and Battaglieri, M. and Bedlinskiy, I. and Benmokhtar, Fatiha and Bianconi, A. and Biondo, L. and Biselli, A. S. and Bossù, F. and Boiarinov, S. and Briscoe, W. J. and Bulumulla, D. and Burkert, V. D. and Carman, D. S. and Chatagnon, P. and Chesnokov, V. and Chetry, T. and Ciullo, G. and Cole, P. L. and Contalbrigo, M. and Costantini, G. and D'Angelo, A. and Dashyan, N. and De Vita, R. and Defurne, M. and Deur, A. and Diehl, S. and Djalali, C. and Egiyan, H. and Elouadrhiri, L. and Eugenio, P. and Fersch, R. and Filippi, A. and Gavalian, G. and Ghandilyan, Y. and Gilfoyle, G. P. and Golubenko, A. A. and Gothe, R. W. and Griffioen, K. A. and Guidal, M. and Hattawy, M. and Hauenstein, F. and Hayward, T. B. and Heddle, D. and Hicks, K. and Hobart, A. and Holtrop, M. and Ilieva, Y. and Ireland, D. G. and Isupov, E. L. and Jo, H. S. and Keller, D. and Khanal, A. and Khandaker, M. and Kim, W. and Klein, F. J. and Kripko, A. and Kubarovsky, V. and Kuhn, S. E. and Lanza, L. and Leali, M. and Lenisa, P. and Livingston, K. and MacGregor, I. D. and Marchand, D. and Marsicano, L. and Mascagna, V. and McKinnon, B. and McLauchlin, C. and Meziani, Z. E. and Migliorati, S. and Mirazita, M. and Mokeev, V. and Camacho, C. Munoz and Nadel-Turonski, P. and Neupane, K. and Niccolai, S. and Niculescu, G. and O'Connell, T. R. and Osipenko, M. and Ostrovidov, A. I. and Ouillon, M. and Pandey, P. and Paolone, M. and Pappalardo, L. L. and Pasyuk, E. and Phelps, W. and Pogorelko, O. and Poudel, J. and Price, J. W. and Prok, Y. and Raue, B. A. and Reed, Trevor and Ripani, M. and Ritman, J. and Rizzo, A. and Rosner, G. and Rowley, J. and Sabatié, F. and Salgado, C. and Schmidt, A. and Schumacher, R. A. and Sharabian, Y. G. and Shirokov, E. V. and Shrestha, U. and Sokhan, D. and Soto, O. and Sparveris, N. and Stepanyan, S. and Strakovsky, I. I. and Strauch, S. and Tyson, R. and Ungaro, M. and Venturelli, L. and Voskanyan, H. and Vossen, A. and Voutier, E. and Watts, D. P. and Wei, Kevin and Wei, X. and Weinstein, L. B. and Wishart, R. and Wood, M. H. and Yale, B. and Zachariou, N. and Zhang, J. and Zhao, Z. W.},
abstractNote = {Background: Energetic quarks in nuclear DIS propagate through the nuclear medium. Processes that are believed to occur inside nuclei include quark energy loss through medium-stimulated gluon bremsstrahlung and intra-nuclear interactions of forming hadrons. More data are required to gain a more complete understanding of these effects. Purpose: To test the theoretical models of parton transport and hadron formation, we compared their predictions for the nuclear and kinematic dependence of pion production in nuclei. Methods: We have measured charged-pion production in semi-inclusive DIS off D, C, Fe, and Pb using the CLAS detector and the CEBAF 5.014 GeV electron beam. We report results on the nuclear-to-deuterium multiplicity ratio for $\pi^{+}$ and $\pi^{-}$ as a function of energy transfer, four-momentum transfer, and pion energy fraction or transverse momentum - the first three-dimensional study of its kind. Results: The $\pi^{+}$ multiplicity ratio is found to depend strongly on the pion fractional energy $z$, and reaches minimum values of $0.67\pm0.03$, $0.43\pm0.02$, and $0.27\pm0.01$ for the C, Fe, and Pb targets, respectively. The $z$ dependences of the multiplicity ratios for $\pi^{+}$ and $\pi^{-}$ are equal within uncertainties for C and Fe targets but show differences at the level of 10$\%$ for the Pb-target data. The results are qualitatively described by the GiBUU transport model, as well as with a model based on hadron absorption, but are in tension with calculations based on nuclear fragmentation functions. Conclusions: These precise results will strongly constrain the kinematic and flavor dependence of nuclear effects in hadron production, probing an unexplored kinematic region. They will help to reveal how the nucleus reacts to a fast quark, thereby shedding light on its color structure, transport properties, and on the mechanisms of the hadronization process.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevc.105.015201},
journal = {Physical Review. C},
number = 1,
volume = 105,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Wed Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
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