The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints
Abstract
We present constraints on cosmological parameters from the Pantheon+ analysis of 1701 light curves of 1550 distinct Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) ranging in redshift from z = 0.001 to 2.26. This work features an increased sample size from the addition of multiple cross-calibrated photometric systems of SNe covering an increased redshift span, and improved treatments of systematic uncertainties in comparison to the original Pantheon analysis, which together result in a factor of 2 improvement in cosmological constraining power. For a flat ΛCDM model, we find ΩM = 0.334 ± 0.018 from SNe Ia alone. For a flat w0CDM model, we measure w0 = –0.90 ± 0.14 from SNe Ia alone, H0 = 73.5 ± 1.1 km s–1 Mpc–1 when including the Cepheid host distances and covariance (SH0ES), and w0 = $$-{0.978}_{-0.031}^{+0.024}$$ when combining the SN likelihood with Planck constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO); both w0 values are consistent with a cosmological constant. We also present the most precise measurements to date on the evolution of dark energy in a flat w0waCDM universe, and measure wa = $$-{0.1}_{-2.0}^{+0.9}$$ from Pantheon+ SNe Ia alone, H0 = 73.3 ± 1.1 km s–1 Mpc–1 when including SH0ES Cepheid distances, and wa = $$-{0.65}_{-0.32}^{+0.28}$$ when combining Pantheon+ SNe Ia with CMB and BAO data. Finally, we find that systematic uncertainties in the use of SNe Ia along the distance ladder comprise less than one-third of the total uncertainty in the measurement of H0 and cannot explain the present "Hubble tension" between local measurements and early universe predictions from the cosmological model.
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[1];
[2];
[3];
[4];
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[4];
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[7];
[8];
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- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
- Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States); Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
- Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD (Australia)
- Univ. of Edinburgh (United Kingdom)
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
- Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
- Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
- Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
- Ume Univ. (Sweden)
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA (United States); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)
- Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States); George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics & Astronomy, College Station, TX (United States)
- Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States)
- Univ. of Dublin (Ireland)
- Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)
- Univ. of Portsmouth (United Kingdom)
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA (United States); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, CA (United States)
- Swinburne Univ. of Technology, Victoria (Australia); Univ. Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand (France)
- Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada)
- Univ. College London (United Kingdom)
- National Central Univ., Jhongli (Taiwan)
- Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States)
- Univ. de Lyon, Villeurbanne (France)
- Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1902943
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0009924
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 938; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X
- Publisher:
- IOP Publishing
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
Citation Formats
Brout, Dillon, Scolnic, Dan, Popovic, Brodie, Riess, Adam G., Carr, Anthony, Zuntz, Joe, Kessler, Rick, Davis, Tamara M., Hinton, Samuel, Jones, David, Kenworthy, W. D’Arcy, Peterson, Erik R., Said, Khaled, Taylor, Georgie, Ali, Noor, Armstrong, Patrick, Charvu, Pranav, Dwomoh, Arianna, Meldorf, Cole, Palmese, Antonella, Qu, Helen, Rose, Benjamin M., Sanchez, Bruno, Stubbs, Christopher W., Vincenzi, Maria, Wood, Charlotte M., Brown, Peter J., Chen, Rebecca, Chambers, Ken, Coulter, David A., Dai, Mi, Dimitriadis, Georgios, Filippenko, Alexei V., Foley, Ryan J., Jha, Saurabh W., Kelsey, Lisa, Kirshner, Robert P., Möller, Anais, Muir, Jessie, Nadathur, Seshadri, Pan, Yen-Chen, Rest, Armin, Rojas-Bravo, Cesar, Sako, Masao, Siebert, Matthew R., Smith, Mat, Stahl, Benjamin E., and Wiseman, Phil. The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8e04.
Brout, Dillon, Scolnic, Dan, Popovic, Brodie, Riess, Adam G., Carr, Anthony, Zuntz, Joe, Kessler, Rick, Davis, Tamara M., Hinton, Samuel, Jones, David, Kenworthy, W. D’Arcy, Peterson, Erik R., Said, Khaled, Taylor, Georgie, Ali, Noor, Armstrong, Patrick, Charvu, Pranav, Dwomoh, Arianna, Meldorf, Cole, Palmese, Antonella, Qu, Helen, Rose, Benjamin M., Sanchez, Bruno, Stubbs, Christopher W., Vincenzi, Maria, Wood, Charlotte M., Brown, Peter J., Chen, Rebecca, Chambers, Ken, Coulter, David A., Dai, Mi, Dimitriadis, Georgios, Filippenko, Alexei V., Foley, Ryan J., Jha, Saurabh W., Kelsey, Lisa, Kirshner, Robert P., Möller, Anais, Muir, Jessie, Nadathur, Seshadri, Pan, Yen-Chen, Rest, Armin, Rojas-Bravo, Cesar, Sako, Masao, Siebert, Matthew R., Smith, Mat, Stahl, Benjamin E., & Wiseman, Phil. The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8e04
Brout, Dillon, Scolnic, Dan, Popovic, Brodie, Riess, Adam G., Carr, Anthony, Zuntz, Joe, Kessler, Rick, Davis, Tamara M., Hinton, Samuel, Jones, David, Kenworthy, W. D’Arcy, Peterson, Erik R., Said, Khaled, Taylor, Georgie, Ali, Noor, Armstrong, Patrick, Charvu, Pranav, Dwomoh, Arianna, Meldorf, Cole, Palmese, Antonella, Qu, Helen, Rose, Benjamin M., Sanchez, Bruno, Stubbs, Christopher W., Vincenzi, Maria, Wood, Charlotte M., Brown, Peter J., Chen, Rebecca, Chambers, Ken, Coulter, David A., Dai, Mi, Dimitriadis, Georgios, Filippenko, Alexei V., Foley, Ryan J., Jha, Saurabh W., Kelsey, Lisa, Kirshner, Robert P., Möller, Anais, Muir, Jessie, Nadathur, Seshadri, Pan, Yen-Chen, Rest, Armin, Rojas-Bravo, Cesar, Sako, Masao, Siebert, Matthew R., Smith, Mat, Stahl, Benjamin E., and Wiseman, Phil. Wed .
"The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8e04. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1902943.
@article{osti_1902943,
title = {The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints},
author = {Brout, Dillon and Scolnic, Dan and Popovic, Brodie and Riess, Adam G. and Carr, Anthony and Zuntz, Joe and Kessler, Rick and Davis, Tamara M. and Hinton, Samuel and Jones, David and Kenworthy, W. D’Arcy and Peterson, Erik R. and Said, Khaled and Taylor, Georgie and Ali, Noor and Armstrong, Patrick and Charvu, Pranav and Dwomoh, Arianna and Meldorf, Cole and Palmese, Antonella and Qu, Helen and Rose, Benjamin M. and Sanchez, Bruno and Stubbs, Christopher W. and Vincenzi, Maria and Wood, Charlotte M. and Brown, Peter J. and Chen, Rebecca and Chambers, Ken and Coulter, David A. and Dai, Mi and Dimitriadis, Georgios and Filippenko, Alexei V. and Foley, Ryan J. and Jha, Saurabh W. and Kelsey, Lisa and Kirshner, Robert P. and Möller, Anais and Muir, Jessie and Nadathur, Seshadri and Pan, Yen-Chen and Rest, Armin and Rojas-Bravo, Cesar and Sako, Masao and Siebert, Matthew R. and Smith, Mat and Stahl, Benjamin E. and Wiseman, Phil},
abstractNote = {We present constraints on cosmological parameters from the Pantheon+ analysis of 1701 light curves of 1550 distinct Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) ranging in redshift from z = 0.001 to 2.26. This work features an increased sample size from the addition of multiple cross-calibrated photometric systems of SNe covering an increased redshift span, and improved treatments of systematic uncertainties in comparison to the original Pantheon analysis, which together result in a factor of 2 improvement in cosmological constraining power. For a flat ΛCDM model, we find ΩM = 0.334 ± 0.018 from SNe Ia alone. For a flat w0CDM model, we measure w0 = –0.90 ± 0.14 from SNe Ia alone, H0 = 73.5 ± 1.1 km s–1 Mpc–1 when including the Cepheid host distances and covariance (SH0ES), and w0 = $-{0.978}_{-0.031}^{+0.024}$ when combining the SN likelihood with Planck constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO); both w0 values are consistent with a cosmological constant. We also present the most precise measurements to date on the evolution of dark energy in a flat w0waCDM universe, and measure wa = $-{0.1}_{-2.0}^{+0.9}$ from Pantheon+ SNe Ia alone, H0 = 73.3 ± 1.1 km s–1 Mpc–1 when including SH0ES Cepheid distances, and wa = $-{0.65}_{-0.32}^{+0.28}$ when combining Pantheon+ SNe Ia with CMB and BAO data. Finally, we find that systematic uncertainties in the use of SNe Ia along the distance ladder comprise less than one-third of the total uncertainty in the measurement of H0 and cannot explain the present "Hubble tension" between local measurements and early universe predictions from the cosmological model.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac8e04},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
number = 2,
volume = 938,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Wed Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
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Think Global, Act Local: The Influence of Environment Age and Host Mass on Type Ia Supernova Light Curves
journal, March 2019
- Rose, B. M.; Garnavich, P. M.; Berg, M. A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 1
RESULTS OF THE LICK OBSERVATORY SUPERNOVA SEARCH FOLLOW-UP PHOTOMETRY PROGRAM: BVRI LIGHT CURVES OF 165 TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
journal, September 2010
- Ganeshalingam, Mohan; Li, Weidong; Filippenko, Alexei V.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 190, Issue 2
Detectability of Cosmic dark flow in the type ia Supernova Redshift–Distance Relation
journal, August 2016
- Mathews, G. J.; Rose, B. M.; Garnavich, P. M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 827, Issue 1
SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python
journal, February 2020
- Virtanen, Pauli; Gommers, Ralf; Oliphant, Travis E.
- Nature Methods
THE DISTANCE TO NGC 1316 (FORNAX A) FROM OBSERVATIONS OF FOUR TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
journal, November 2010
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- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 140, Issue 6
The Pantheon+ Analysis: SuperCal-fragilistic Cross Calibration, Retrained SALT2 Light-curve Model, and Calibration Systematic Uncertainty
journal, October 2022
- Brout, Dillon; Taylor, Georgie; Scolnic, Dan
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 938, Issue 2
Constraining Temporal Oscillations of Cosmological Parameters Using SNe Ia
journal, April 2019
- Brownsberger, Sasha R.; Stubbs, Christopher W.; Scolnic, Daniel M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1
Evidence of environmental dependencies of Type Ia supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory indicated by local H α
journal, December 2013
- Rigault, M.; Copin, Y.; Aldering, G.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 560
The reddening law of type Ia supernovae: separating intrinsic variability from dust using equivalent widths
journal, April 2011
- Chotard, N.; Gangler, E.; Aldering, G.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 529
The Completed SDSS-IV Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations with Ly α Forests
journal, October 2020
- du Mas des Bourboux, Hélion; Rich, James; Font-Ribera, Andreu
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 2
SN 2013aa and SN 2017cbv: Two Sibling Type Ia Supernovae in the Spiral Galaxy NGC 5643
journal, June 2020
- Burns, Christopher R.; Ashall, Chris; Contreras, Carlos
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 895, Issue 2
The Difference Imaging Pipeline for the Transient Search in the dark Energy Survey
journal, November 2015
- Kessler, R.; Marriner, J.; Childress, M.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 150, Issue 6
The Supernova Legacy Survey 3-year sample: Type Ia supernovae photometric distances and cosmological constraints
journal, November 2010
- Guy, J.; Sullivan, M.; Conley, A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 523
UBVRI Light Curves of 44 Type Ia Supernovae
journal, January 2006
- Jha, Saurabh; Kirshner, Robert P.; Challis, Peter
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 131, Issue 1
The DES view of the Eridanus supervoid and the CMB cold spot
journal, December 2021
- Kovács, A.; Jeffrey, N.; Gatti, M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 510, Issue 1
The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: measurement of the BAO and growth rate of structure of the luminous red galaxy sample from the anisotropic correlation function between redshifts 0.6 and 1
journal, September 2020
- Bautista, Julian E.; Paviot, Romain; Magaña, Mariana Vargas
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
The non-Gaussian cold spot in Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe: significance, morphology and foreground contribution
journal, May 2006
- Cruz, M.; Tucci, M.; Martínez-González, E.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 369, Issue 1
CfA4: LIGHT CURVES FOR 94 TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
journal, May 2012
- Hicken, Malcolm; Challis, Peter; Kirshner, Robert P.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 200, Issue 2
The Pantheon+ Analysis: Evaluating Peculiar Velocity Corrections in Cosmological Analyses with Nearby Type Ia Supernovae
journal, October 2022
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- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 938, Issue 2
Type Ia Supernova Distances at Redshift >1.5 from the Hubble Space Telescope Multi-cycle Treasury Programs: The Early Expansion Rate
journal, January 2018
- Riess, Adam G.; Rodney, Steven A.; Scolnic, Daniel M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 853, Issue 2
THE EFFECT OF HOST GALAXIES ON TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE IN THE SDSS-II SUPERNOVA SURVEY
journal, September 2010
- Lampeitl, Hubert; Smith, Mathew; Nichol, Robert C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 722, Issue 1
The dependence of Type Ia Supernovae luminosities on their host galaxies: SN Ia host galaxies
journal, May 2010
- Sullivan, M.; Conley, A.; Howell, D. A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
ChainConsumer
journal, August 2016
- Hinton, Samuel
- The Journal of Open Source Software, Vol. 1, Issue 4
Unity: Confronting Supernova Cosmology’S Statistical and Systematic Uncertainties in a Unified Bayesian Framework
journal, November 2015
- Rubin, D.; Aldering, G.; Barbary, K.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 813, Issue 2
SNIa Cosmology Analysis Results from Simulated LSST Images: From Difference Imaging to Constraints on Dark Energy
journal, July 2022
- Sánchez, B. O.; Kessler, R.; Scolnic, D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 934, Issue 2
Measuring Dark Energy Properties with Photometrically Classified Pan-STARRS Supernovae. II. Cosmological Parameters
journal, April 2018
- Jones, D. O.; Scolnic, D. M.; Riess, A. G.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 1
A hint of matter underdensity at low z ?
journal, September 2019
- Colgáin, Eoin Ó
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 09
Detection of a supervoid aligned with the cold spot of the cosmic microwave background
journal, April 2015
- Szapudi, István; Kovács, András; Granett, Benjamin R.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 450, Issue 1
CosmoSIS: Modular cosmological parameter estimation
journal, September 2015
- Zuntz, J.; Paterno, M.; Jennings, E.
- Astronomy and Computing, Vol. 12
SUPERCAL: CROSS-CALIBRATION OF MULTIPLE PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE COSMOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS WITH TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
journal, December 2015
- Scolnic, D.; Casertano, S.; Riess, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 815, Issue 2
High‐Redshift Supernovae in the Hubble Deep Field
journal, August 1999
- Gilliland, Ronald L.; Nugent, Peter E.; Phillips, M. M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 521, Issue 1
NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET PROPERTIES OF A LARGE SAMPLE OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE AS OBSERVED WITH THE Swift UVOT
journal, September 2010
- Milne, Peter A.; Brown, Peter J.; Roming, Peter W. A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 721, Issue 2
Precise astronomical flux calibration and its impact on studying the nature of the dark energy
journal, December 2015
- Stubbs, Christopher W.; Brown, Yorke J.
- Modern Physics Letters A, Vol. 30, Issue 40
Simulations of the WFIRST Supernova Survey and Forecasts of Cosmological Constraints
journal, October 2018
- Hounsell, R.; Scolnic, D.; Foley, R. J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
SOUSA: the Swift Optical/Ultraviolet Supernova Archive
journal, July 2014
- Brown, Peter J.; Breeveld, Alice A.; Holland, Stephen
- Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 354, Issue 1
Detection of Non‐Gaussianity in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe First‐Year Data Using Spherical Wavelets
journal, July 2004
- Vielva, P.; Martinez‐Gonzalez, E.; Barreiro, R. B.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 609, Issue 1
A Model-independent Test of Cosmic Isotropy with Low- z Pantheon Supernovae
journal, September 2018
- Andrade, Uendert; Bengaly, Carlos A. P.; Santos, Beethoven
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2
Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples
journal, August 2014
- Betoule, M.; Kessler, R.; Guy, J.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 568
Steve: A Hierarchical Bayesian Model for Supernova Cosmology
journal, April 2019
- Hinton, S. R.; Davis, T. M.; Kim, A. G.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1
Improved Treatment of Host-galaxy Correlations in Cosmological Analyses with Type Ia Supernovae
journal, May 2021
- Popovic, Brodie; Brout, Dillon; Kessler, Richard
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 913, Issue 1