DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Heinz-resistant tomato cultivars exhibit a lignin-based resistance to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) parasitism

Abstract

Cuscuta species (dodders) are agriculturally destructive, parasitic angiosperms. These parasitic plants use haustoria as physiological bridges to extract nutrients and water from hosts. Cuscuta campestris has a broad host range and wide geographical distribution. While some wild tomato relatives are resistant, cultivated tomatoes are generally susceptible to C. campestris infestations. However, some specific Heinz tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hybrid cultivars exhibit resistance to dodders in the field, but their defense mechanism was previously unknown. Here, we discovered that the stem cortex in these resistant lines responds with local lignification upon C. campestris attachment, preventing parasite entry into the host. Lignin Induction Factor 1 (LIF1, an AP2-like transcription factor), SlMYB55, and Cuscuta R-gene for Lignin-based Resistance 1, a CC-NBS-LRR (CuRLR1) are identified as factors that confer host resistance by regulating lignification. SlWRKY16 is upregulated upon C. campestris infestation and potentially negatively regulates LIF1 function. Intriguingly, CuRLR1 may play a role in signaling or function as an intracellular receptor for receiving Cuscuta signals or effectors, thereby regulating lignification-based resistance. In summary, these four regulators control the lignin-based resistance response in specific Heinz tomato cultivars, preventing C. campestris from parasitizing resistant tomatoes. This discovery provides a foundation for investigating multilayer resistance against Cuscuta speciesmore » and has potential for application in other essential crops attacked by parasitic plants.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [8]; ORCiD logo [7]
  1. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  2. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); The Better Meat Co., West Sacramento, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Nanjing Normal University (China)
  4. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Dark Heart Nursery, Davis, CA (United States)
  5. Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  6. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)
  7. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  8. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDA; National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA); Taiwan Government; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund
OSTI Identifier:
1891488
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Plant Physiology (Bethesda)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Plant Physiology (Bethesda); Journal Volume: 189; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0032-0889
Publisher:
American Society of Plant Biologists
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; cell biology

Citation Formats

Jhu, Min-Yao, Farhi, Moran, Wang, Li, Philbrook, Richard N., Belcher, Michael S., Nakayama, Hokuto, Zumstein, Kristina S., Rowland, Sarah D., Ron, Mily, Shih, Patrick M., and Sinha, Neelima R. Heinz-resistant tomato cultivars exhibit a lignin-based resistance to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) parasitism. United States: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1093/plphys/kiac024.
Jhu, Min-Yao, Farhi, Moran, Wang, Li, Philbrook, Richard N., Belcher, Michael S., Nakayama, Hokuto, Zumstein, Kristina S., Rowland, Sarah D., Ron, Mily, Shih, Patrick M., & Sinha, Neelima R. Heinz-resistant tomato cultivars exhibit a lignin-based resistance to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) parasitism. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac024
Jhu, Min-Yao, Farhi, Moran, Wang, Li, Philbrook, Richard N., Belcher, Michael S., Nakayama, Hokuto, Zumstein, Kristina S., Rowland, Sarah D., Ron, Mily, Shih, Patrick M., and Sinha, Neelima R. Mon . "Heinz-resistant tomato cultivars exhibit a lignin-based resistance to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) parasitism". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac024. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1891488.
@article{osti_1891488,
title = {Heinz-resistant tomato cultivars exhibit a lignin-based resistance to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) parasitism},
author = {Jhu, Min-Yao and Farhi, Moran and Wang, Li and Philbrook, Richard N. and Belcher, Michael S. and Nakayama, Hokuto and Zumstein, Kristina S. and Rowland, Sarah D. and Ron, Mily and Shih, Patrick M. and Sinha, Neelima R.},
abstractNote = {Cuscuta species (dodders) are agriculturally destructive, parasitic angiosperms. These parasitic plants use haustoria as physiological bridges to extract nutrients and water from hosts. Cuscuta campestris has a broad host range and wide geographical distribution. While some wild tomato relatives are resistant, cultivated tomatoes are generally susceptible to C. campestris infestations. However, some specific Heinz tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hybrid cultivars exhibit resistance to dodders in the field, but their defense mechanism was previously unknown. Here, we discovered that the stem cortex in these resistant lines responds with local lignification upon C. campestris attachment, preventing parasite entry into the host. Lignin Induction Factor 1 (LIF1, an AP2-like transcription factor), SlMYB55, and Cuscuta R-gene for Lignin-based Resistance 1, a CC-NBS-LRR (CuRLR1) are identified as factors that confer host resistance by regulating lignification. SlWRKY16 is upregulated upon C. campestris infestation and potentially negatively regulates LIF1 function. Intriguingly, CuRLR1 may play a role in signaling or function as an intracellular receptor for receiving Cuscuta signals or effectors, thereby regulating lignification-based resistance. In summary, these four regulators control the lignin-based resistance response in specific Heinz tomato cultivars, preventing C. campestris from parasitizing resistant tomatoes. This discovery provides a foundation for investigating multilayer resistance against Cuscuta species and has potential for application in other essential crops attacked by parasitic plants.},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiac024},
journal = {Plant Physiology (Bethesda)},
number = 1,
volume = 189,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Mon Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Expression of a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase reduces lignin content and improves biomass saccharification efficiency
journal, January 2015

  • Eudes, Aymerick; Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon; Baidoo, Edward E. K.
  • Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12310

Comparing the defence-related gene expression changes upon root-knot nematode attack in susceptible versus resistant cultivars of rice
journal, March 2016

  • Kumari, Chanchal; Dutta, Tushar K.; Banakar, Prakash
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep22846

Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores
journal, October 2012

  • War, Abdul Rashid; Paulraj, Michael Gabriel; Ahmad, Tariq
  • Plant Signaling & Behavior, Vol. 7, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.4161/psb.21663

Transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis
journal, November 2009


SHR4z, a novel decoy effector from the haustorium of the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides, suppresses host plant immunity
journal, December 2019

  • Su, Chun; Liu, Hai; Wafula, Eric K.
  • New Phytologist, Vol. 226, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1111/nph.16351

Structure and function of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids
journal, March 2008


Evolutionary developmental transcriptomics reveals a gene network module regulating interspecific diversity in plant leaf shape
journal, June 2014

  • Ichihashi, Yasunori; Aguilar-Martínez, José Antonio; Farhi, Moran
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1402835111

Plant immunity: towards an integrated view of plant–pathogen interactions
journal, June 2010

  • Dodds, Peter N.; Rathjen, John P.
  • Nature Reviews Genetics, Vol. 11, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1038/nrg2812

Acetyl Bromide Soluble Lignin (ABSL) Assay for Total Lignin Quantification from Plant Biomass
journal, January 2017


Lignin modification improves fermentable sugar yields for biofuel production
journal, June 2007

  • Chen, Fang; Dixon, Richard A.
  • Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 25, Issue 7, p. 759-761
  • DOI: 10.1038/nbt1316

Resistance of cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] to Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke, a parasitic angiosperm
journal, October 1993


Abiotic and Biotic Stresses and Changes in the Lignin Content and Composition in Plants
journal, April 2010

  • Moura, Jullyana Cristina Magalhães Silva; Bonine, Cesar Augusto Valencise; de Oliveira Fernandes Viana, Juliana
  • Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Vol. 52, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00892.x

BrAD-seq: Breath Adapter Directional sequencing: a streamlined, ultra-simple and fast library preparation protocol for strand specific mRNA library construction
journal, May 2015

  • Townsley, Brad T.; Covington, Michael F.; Ichihashi, Yasunori
  • Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 6
  • DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00366

Biochemical factors involved in vetch resistance toOrobanche aegyptiaca
journal, March 1999

  • Goldwasser, Y.; Hershenhorn, J.; Plakhine, D.
  • Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Vol. 54, Issue 3-4
  • DOI: 10.1006/pmpp.1998.0191

BiFC Imaging Assay for Plant Protein-Protein Interactions
journal, February 2010

  • Fang, Yuda; Spector, David L.
  • Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, Vol. 2010, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5380

InterPro in 2019: improving coverage, classification and access to protein sequence annotations
journal, November 2018

  • Mitchell, Alex L.; Attwood, Teresa K.; Babbitt, Patricia C.
  • Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 47, Issue D1
  • DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1100

Phenols and lignin are involved in the defence response of banana (Musa) plants to Radopholus similis infection
journal, January 2014

  • Dhakshinamoorthy, Suganthagunthalam; Mariama, Kahpui; Elsen, Annemie
  • Nematology, Vol. 16, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00002788

Studies on DNA-binding selectivity of WRKY transcription factors lend structural clues into WRKY-domain function
journal, June 2008

  • Ciolkowski, Ingo; Wanke, Dierk; Birkenbihl, Rainer P.
  • Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 68, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9353-1

The Phyre2 web portal for protein modeling, prediction and analysis
journal, May 2015

  • Kelley, Lawrence A.; Mezulis, Stefans; Yates, Christopher M.
  • Nature Protocols, Vol. 10, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.053

Parasitic plants of the genus Cuscuta and their interaction with susceptible and resistant host plants
journal, February 2015


A receptor-like kinase enhances sunflower resistance to Orobanche cumana
journal, December 2019


Several Mechanisms are Involved in Resistance of Helianthus to Orobanche cumana Wallr.
journal, November 2001


Parasitism byCuscuta pentagonasequentially induces JA and SA defence pathways in tomato
journal, February 2010


Effects of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE ( PAL ) knockdown on cell wall composition, biomass digestibility, and biotic and abiotic stress responses in Brachypodium
journal, June 2015

  • Cass, Cynthia L.; Peraldi, Antoine; Dowd, Patrick F.
  • Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 66, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv269

XSEDE: Accelerating Scientific Discovery
journal, September 2014

  • Towns, John; Cockerill, Timothy; Dahan, Maytal
  • Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 16, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1109/MCSE.2014.80

Lignins: Biosynthesis and Biological Functions in Plants
journal, January 2018

  • Liu, Qingquan; Luo, Le; Zheng, Luqing
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020335

Reprogramming cell fate with a genome-scale library of artificial transcription factors
journal, December 2016

  • Eguchi, Asuka; Wleklinski, Matthew J.; Spurgat, Mackenzie C.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 51
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611142114

Resistance to broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in faba bean (Vicia faba): cell wall changes associated with prehaustorial defensive mechanisms
journal, August 2007


PlantTFDB 4.0: toward a central hub for transcription factors and regulatory interactions in plants
journal, October 2016

  • Jin, Jinpu; Tian, Feng; Yang, De-Chang
  • Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 45, Issue D1
  • DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw982

PlantPAN 2.0: an update of plant promoter analysis navigator for reconstructing transcriptional regulatory networks in plants
journal, October 2015

  • Chow, Chi-Nga; Zheng, Han-Qin; Wu, Nai-Yun
  • Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 44, Issue D1
  • DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1035

Lignification as a Mechanism of Disease Resistance
journal, September 1980


NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis
journal, June 2012

  • Schneider, Caroline A.; Rasband, Wayne S.; Eliceiri, Kevin W.
  • Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2089

Role of lignification in plant defense
journal, February 2009

  • Bhuiyan, Nazmul H.; Selvaraj, Gopalan; Wei, Yangdou
  • Plant Signaling & Behavior, Vol. 4, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.2.7688

Detection of the plant parasite Cuscuta reflexa by a tomato cell surface receptor
journal, July 2016


Protein–Protein Interactions in the Regulation of WRKY Transcription Factors
journal, March 2013

  • Chi, Yingjun; Yang, Yan; Zhou, Yuan
  • Molecular Plant, Vol. 6, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst026

InterProScan 5: genome-scale protein function classification
journal, January 2014


Virus-induced gene silencing in tomato
journal, September 2002


Differential Resistance among Host and Non-host Species Underlies the Variable Success of the Hemi-parasitic Plant Rhinanthus minor
journal, June 2006

  • Cameron, D. D.; Coats, A. M.; Seel, W. E.
  • Annals of Botany, Vol. 98, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl218

The tomato receptor CuRe1 senses a cell wall protein to identify Cuscuta as a pathogen
journal, October 2020


Replicational release of geminivirus genomes from tandemly repeated copies: evidence for rolling-circle replication of a plant viral DNA.
journal, September 1991

  • Stenger, D. C.; Revington, G. N.; Stevenson, M. C.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 88, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.18.8029

Growth–defense trade‐offs and yield loss in plants with engineered cell walls
journal, May 2021

  • Ha, Chan Man; Rao, Xiaolan; Saxena, Garima
  • New Phytologist, Vol. 231, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1111/nph.17383

MYB-mediated regulation of lignin biosynthesis in grasses
journal, December 2020


A Visual Reporter System for Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Tomato Fruit Based on Anthocyanin Accumulation    
journal, May 2009

  • Orzaez, Diego; Medina, Aurora; Torre, Sara
  • Plant Physiology, Vol. 150, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.139006

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated efficient and heritable targeted mutagenesis in tomato plants in the first and later generations
journal, April 2016

  • Pan, Changtian; Ye, Lei; Qin, Li
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep24765

Phylogeny, character evolution, and biogeography ofCuscuta(dodders; Convolvulaceae) inferred from coding plastid and nuclear sequences
journal, April 2014

  • García, Miguel A.; Costea, Mihai; Kuzmina, Maria
  • American Journal of Botany, Vol. 101, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300449

Phloroglucinol Stain for Lignin
journal, January 2010


Medicago truncatula as a Model for Nonhost Resistance in Legume-Parasitic Plant Interactions
journal, August 2007

  • Lozano-Baena, M. Dolores; Prats, Elena; Moreno, M. Teresa
  • Plant Physiology, Vol. 145, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.097089

Resistance of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) to the Root Parasitic Plant Orobanche minor is Activated by Salicylate but not by Jasmonate
journal, August 2007

  • Kusumoto, D.; Goldwasser, Y.; Xie, X.
  • Annals of Botany, Vol. 100, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcm148

PlantPAN3.0: a new and updated resource for reconstructing transcriptional regulatory networks from ChIP-seq experiments in plants
journal, November 2018

  • Chow, Chi-Nga; Lee, Tzong-Yi; Hung, Yu-Cheng
  • Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 47, Issue D1
  • DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1081

Pseudorecombination between infectious cloned DNA components of tomato mottle and bean dwarf mosaic geminiviruses
journal, January 1993

  • Gilbertson, R. L.; Hidayat, S. H.; Paplomatas, E. J.
  • Journal of General Virology, Vol. 74, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-1-23

Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O
journal, June 1964

  • O'Brien, T. P.; Feder, N.; McCully, M. E.
  • Protoplasma, Vol. 59, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF01248568

The WRKY45-Dependent Signaling Pathway Is Required For Resistance against Striga hermonthica Parasitism
journal, May 2015

  • Mutuku, J. Musembi; Yoshida, Satoko; Shimizu, Takafumi
  • Plant Physiology, Vol. 168, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.256404

Interaction between Orobanche crenata and its Host Legumes: Unsuccessful Haustorial Penetration and Necrosis of the Developing Parasite
journal, March 2005

  • PÉRez-De-Luque, A.; Rubiales, D.; Cubero, J. I.
  • Annals of Botany, Vol. 95, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci105

The Ve-mediated resistance response of the tomato to Verticillium dahliae involves H2O2, peroxidase and lignins and drives PALgene expression
journal, October 2010


The role of the cell wall in plant immunity
journal, May 2014

  • Malinovsky, Frederikke G.; Fangel, Jonatan U.; Willats, William G. T.
  • Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 5
  • DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00178

Tolerance of tomato varieties to lespedeza dodder
journal, July 2001


Increased pathogenicity in a pseudorecombinant bipartite geminivirus correlates with intermolecular recombination
journal, August 1996


Pyrolysis-GC-MS characterization of forage materials
journal, August 1991

  • Ralph, John; Hatfield, Ronald D.
  • Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 39, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1021/jf00008a014

eQTL Regulating Transcript Levels Associated with Diverse Biological Processes in Tomato
journal, July 2016

  • Ranjan, Aashish; Budke, Jessica M.; Rowland, Steven D.
  • Plant Physiology, Vol. 172, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00289

The conformational and subcellular compartmental dance of plant NLRs during viral recognition and defense signaling
journal, August 2014

  • Padmanabhan, Meenu S.; Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P.
  • Current Opinion in Microbiology, Vol. 20
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.05.003

Predicting the Functional Effect of Amino Acid Substitutions and Indels
journal, October 2012


Rapid, transient expression of fluorescent fusion proteins in tobacco plants and generation of stably transformed plants
journal, November 2006

  • Sparkes, Imogen A.; Runions, John; Kearns, Anne
  • Nature Protocols, Vol. 1, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.286

Multiple layers of incompatibility to the parasitic witchweed, Striga hermonthica
journal, July 2009


WRKY transcription factors: evolution, binding, and action
journal, April 2019


Host lignin composition affects haustorium induction in the parasitic plants Phtheirospermum japonicum and Striga hermonthica
journal, March 2018

  • Cui, Songkui; Wada, Syogo; Tobimatsu, Yuki
  • New Phytologist, Vol. 218, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1111/nph.15033

Delimitation of major lineages within Cuscuta subgenus Grammica (Convolvulaceae) using plastid and nuclear DNA sequences
journal, April 2007

  • Stefanovic, S.; Kuzmina, M.; Costea, M.
  • American Journal of Botany, Vol. 94, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.3732/ajb.94.4.568

Novel Positive Regulatory Role for the SPL6 Transcription Factor in the N TIR-NB-LRR Receptor-Mediated Plant Innate Immunity
journal, March 2013


The Structural Integrity of Lignin Is Crucial for Resistance against Striga hermonthica Parasitism in Rice
journal, January 2019

  • Mutuku, J. Musembi; Cui, Songkui; Hori, Chiaki
  • Plant Physiology, Vol. 179, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01133

Anatomy and Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in the Incompatible Interaction ofLycopersicon esculentumandCuscuta reflexa
journal, August 1995


Chemical Characterization of Lignin and Lipid Fractions in Industrial Hemp Bast Fibers Used for Manufacturing High-Quality Paper Pulps
journal, February 2006

  • Gutiérrez, Ana; Rodríguez, Isabel M.; del Río, José C.
  • Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 54, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1021/jf052935a

Host plant resistance to parasitic weeds; recent progress and bottlenecks
journal, August 2010


Entangled evolutionary history of Cuscuta pentagona clade: A story involving hybridization and Darwin in the Galapagos
journal, December 2015

  • Costea, Mihai; García, Miguel A.; Baute, Kurtis
  • TAXON, Vol. 64, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.12705/646.7

PhyloNetworks: A Package for Phylogenetic Networks
journal, September 2017

  • Solís-Lemus, Claudia; Bastide, Paul; Ané, Cécile
  • Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol. 34, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx235

The cell biology of lignification in higher plants
journal, April 2015

  • Barros, Jaime; Serk, Henrik; Granlund, Irene
  • Annals of Botany, Vol. 115, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv046

Regulation of Lignin Biosynthesis and Its Role in Growth-Defense Tradeoffs
journal, September 2018


Plant cell wall dynamics and wall-related susceptibility in plant–pathogen interactions
journal, May 2014

  • Bellincampi, Daniela; Cervone, Felice; Lionetti, Vincenzo
  • Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 5
  • DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00228