Formulating energy density for designing practical lithium–sulfur batteries

Zhou, Guangmin; Chen, Hao; Cui, Yi

doi:10.1038/s41560-022-01001-0

Title: Formulating energy density for designing practical lithium–sulfur batteries

Abstract

We report the lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is one of the most promising battery systems due to its high theoretical energy density and low cost. Despite impressive progress in its development, there has been a lack of comprehensive analyses of key performance parameters affecting the energy density of Li–S batteries. Here, we analyse the potential causes of energy loss during battery operations. We identify two key descriptors (R_weight and R_energy) that represent the mass- and energy-level compromise of the full-cell energy density, respectively. A formulation for energy density calculations is proposed based on critical parameters, including sulfur mass loading, sulfur mass ratio, electrolyte/sulfur ratio and negative-to-positive electrode material ratio. The current progress of Ah-level Li–S batteries is also summarized and analysed. Finally, future research directions, targets and prospects for designing practical high-performance Li–S batteries are proposed.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office

OSTI Identifier:: 1872733

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Energy

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2058-7546

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; batteries; electrochemistry; materials for energy and catalysis

Citation Formats


                    Zhou, Guangmin, Chen, Hao, and Cui, Yi. Formulating energy density for designing practical lithium–sulfur batteries.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41560-022-01001-0.

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                    Zhou, Guangmin, Chen, Hao, & Cui, Yi. Formulating energy density for designing practical lithium–sulfur batteries.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01001-0

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                    Zhou, Guangmin, Chen, Hao, and Cui, Yi. Thu .  
"Formulating energy density for designing practical lithium–sulfur batteries".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01001-0.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1872733.

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@article{osti_1872733,

  title        = {Formulating energy density for designing practical lithium–sulfur batteries},

  author       = {Zhou, Guangmin and Chen, Hao and Cui, Yi},

  abstractNote = {We report the lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is one of the most promising battery systems due to its high theoretical energy density and low cost. Despite impressive progress in its development, there has been a lack of comprehensive analyses of key performance parameters affecting the energy density of Li–S batteries. Here, we analyse the potential causes of energy loss during battery operations. We identify two key descriptors (Rweight and Renergy) that represent the mass- and energy-level compromise of the full-cell energy density, respectively. A formulation for energy density calculations is proposed based on critical parameters, including sulfur mass loading, sulfur mass ratio, electrolyte/sulfur ratio and negative-to-positive electrode material ratio. The current progress of Ah-level Li–S batteries is also summarized and analysed. Finally, future research directions, targets and prospects for designing practical high-performance Li–S batteries are proposed.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41560-022-01001-0},

  journal      = {Nature Energy},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 7,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Thu Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

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Title: Formulating energy density for designing practical lithium–sulfur batteries

Abstract

Citation Formats

Review on High-Loading and High-Energy Lithium-Sulfur Batteries journal, May 2017

LiNO3-free electrolyte for Li-S battery: A solvent of choice with low Ksp of polysulfide and low dendrite of lithium journal, September 2017

Lithium-Sulfur Battery Technology Readiness and Applications—A Review journal, November 2017

Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries journal, May 2019

Performance and cost of materials for lithium-based rechargeable automotive batteries journal, April 2018

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Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries journal, February 2019

The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth journal, June 2015

Energy storage for electricity generation and related processes: Technologies appraisal and grid scale applications journal, October 2018

Gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of lithium-sulfur batteries journal, December 2017

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Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Application journal, June 2018

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Recent Advances in Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries journal, April 2015

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A Wide Range of Testing Results on an Excellent Lithium-Ion Cell Chemistry to be used as Benchmarks for New Battery Technologies journal, January 2019

Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries journal, July 2014

Toward Practical High-Energy Batteries: A Modular-Assembled Oval-Like Carbon Microstructure for Thick Sulfur Electrodes journal, April 2017

Sulfur Nanodots Stitched in 2D “Bubble-Like” Interconnected Carbon Fabric as Reversibility-Enhanced Cathodes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries journal, April 2017

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The use of elemental sulfur as an alternative feedstock for polymeric materials journal, April 2013

Review on High-Loading and High-Energy Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
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LiNO3-free electrolyte for Li-S battery: A solvent of choice with low Ksp of polysulfide and low dendrite of lithium
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Lithium-Sulfur Battery Technology Readiness and Applications—A Review
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Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries
journal, May 2019

Performance and cost of materials for lithium-based rechargeable automotive batteries
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Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries
journal, February 2019

The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth
journal, June 2015

Energy storage for electricity generation and related processes: Technologies appraisal and grid scale applications
journal, October 2018

Gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of lithium-sulfur batteries
journal, December 2017

Improving Lithium–Sulfur Battery Performance under Lean Electrolyte through Nanoscale Confinement in Soft Swellable Gels
journal, April 2017

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Recent Advances in Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
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Free-standing ultrathin lithium metal–graphene oxide host foils with controllable thickness for lithium batteries
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Toward Practical High-Energy Batteries: A Modular-Assembled Oval-Like Carbon Microstructure for Thick Sulfur Electrodes
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Sulfur Nanodots Stitched in 2D “Bubble-Like” Interconnected Carbon Fabric as Reversibility-Enhanced Cathodes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
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Intercalation-conversion hybrid cathodes enabling Li–S full-cell architectures with jointly superior gravimetric and volumetric energy densities
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Li–O₂ and Li–S batteries with high energy storage
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journal, December 2017

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journal, March 2016

Advances in lithium–sulfur batteries based on multifunctional cathodes and electrolytes
journal, September 2016

Attainable Gravimetric and Volumetric Energy Density of Li–S and Li Ion Battery Cells with Solid Separator-Protected Li Metal Anodes
journal, October 2015

Ultralight and fire-extinguishing current collectors for high-energy and high-safety lithium-ion batteries
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Advances in Polar Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
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journal, March 2018

Battery cost modeling: A review and directions for future research
journal, July 2020

A highly ordered nanostructured carbon–sulphur cathode for lithium–sulphur batteries
journal, May 2009

Running battery electric vehicles with extended range: Coupling cost and energy analysis
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Amphiphilic Surface Modification of Hollow Carbon Nanofibers for Improved Cycle Life of Lithium Sulfur Batteries
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Ultimate Limits to Intercalation Reactions for Lithium Batteries
journal, October 2014

A Review of Functional Binders in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
journal, October 2018

Anode Interface Engineering and Architecture Design for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
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The use of elemental sulfur as an alternative feedstock for polymeric materials
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