Longitudinal dynamics and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions

Shen, Chun; Schenke, Björn

doi:10.1103/physrevc.105.064905

Title: Longitudinal dynamics and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions

Abstract

This work presents a three-dimensional dynamical initialization model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions, implementing local energy-momentum conservation and baryon charge fluctuations at string junctions. Constraining parameters using experimental data from p + p collisions at various collision energies, the model provides a very good description of the charged hadron and net proton rapidity distributions in Au +Au collisions from 7.7 to 200 GeV and Pb + Pb collisions at 8.77 and 17.3 GeV. Here we demonstrate the importance of fluctuations of baryon densities to string junctions for describing net-proton distributions at collision energies of 62.4 and 200 GeV. Including this improved baryon stopping description along with the requirement of strangeness neutrality also yields a good description of identified particle yields as functions of the collision energy above 7.7 GeV. We further study asymmetric p + Al and (p,d, ³He) + Au collisions at the top RHIC energy and p + Pb, Xe + Xe, and Pb + Pb collisions at LHC energies. We identify the produced particle rapidity distributions in asymmetric collision systems as particularly useful for constraining models of the early-time longitudinal dynamics.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]

Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1872382

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1903161; OSTI ID: 1991220

Report Number(s):: BNL-223072-2022-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; TRN: US2306874

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0021969; SC0013460; PHY2012922; 2030508

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review. C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 105; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; hydrodynamic models; particle and resonance production; relativistic heavy-ion collisions; quark-gluon plasma; strong interaction

Citation Formats


                    Shen, Chun, and Schenke, Björn. Longitudinal dynamics and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevc.105.064905.

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                    Shen, Chun, & Schenke, Björn. Longitudinal dynamics and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.105.064905

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                    Shen, Chun, and Schenke, Björn. Wed .  
"Longitudinal dynamics and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.105.064905.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1872382.

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@article{osti_1872382,

  title        = {Longitudinal dynamics and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions},

  author       = {Shen, Chun and Schenke, Björn},

  abstractNote = {This work presents a three-dimensional dynamical initialization model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions, implementing local energy-momentum conservation and baryon charge fluctuations at string junctions. Constraining parameters using experimental data from p + p collisions at various collision energies, the model provides a very good description of the charged hadron and net proton rapidity distributions in Au +Au collisions from 7.7 to 200 GeV and Pb + Pb collisions at 8.77 and 17.3 GeV. Here we demonstrate the importance of fluctuations of baryon densities to string junctions for describing net-proton distributions at collision energies of 62.4 and 200 GeV. Including this improved baryon stopping description along with the requirement of strangeness neutrality also yields a good description of identified particle yields as functions of the collision energy above 7.7 GeV. We further study asymmetric p + Al and (p,d, 3He) + Au collisions at the top RHIC energy and p + Pb, Xe + Xe, and Pb + Pb collisions at LHC energies. We identify the produced particle rapidity distributions in asymmetric collision systems as particularly useful for constraining models of the early-time longitudinal dynamics.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevc.105.064905},

  journal      = {Physical Review. C},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 105,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Wed Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

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System-size dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV$ with ALICE
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Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
journal, November 1998

Stephanov, M.; Rajagopal, K.; Shuryak, E.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4816

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Title: Longitudinal dynamics and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions

Abstract

Citation Formats

Dynamic modeling for heavy-ion collisions journal, January 2022

Recent development of hydrodynamic modeling in heavy-ion collisions journal, December 2020

Initial state and hydrodynamic modeling of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC BES energies conference, January 2018

EPS09 — A new generation of NLO and LO nuclear parton distribution functions journal, April 2009

Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions journal, January 1998

NA61/SHINE facility at the CERN SPS: beams and detector system journal, June 2014

Future of the beam energy scan program at RHIC journal, January 2015

Stopped Nucleons in Configuration Space journal, January 2018

Charged particle multiplicity distributions at 200 and 900 GeV c.m. energy journal, September 1989

Pseudorapidity Dependence of Particle Production and Elliptic Flow in Asymmetric Nuclear Collisions of p + Al , p + Au , d + Au , and He 3 + Au at s N N = 200 GeV journal, November 2018

Production of charged pions, kaons, and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb and inelastic p p collisions at s N N = 5.02 TeV journal, April 2020

Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles as a function of mid- and forward rapidity multiplicities in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV journal, July 2021

Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark–gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration's critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions journal, August 2005

The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC journal, August 2005

Dynamically Exploring the QCD Matter at Finite Temperatures and Densities: A Short Review journal, September 2021

Energy dependence of pion and kaon production in central Pb+Pb collisions journal, November 2002

Event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions and the QCD critical point journal, November 1999

Hybrid model with dynamical sources for heavy-ion collisions at BES energies journal, February 2019

Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX Collaboration journal, August 2005

STAR experiment results from the beam energy scan program at the RHIC journal, November 2011

Centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density in Xe–Xe collisions at s NN = 5.44 TeV journal, March 2019

Longitudinal Flow of Protons from ( 2 – 8 ) A GeV Central A u + A u Collisions journal, February 2002

Charged-particle pseudorapidity density at mid-rapidity in p–Pb collisions at $$\pmb {\sqrt{s_{\scriptscriptstyle {\mathrm{NN}}}}}$$ s NN = 8.16 TeV journal, April 2019

The open science grid journal, July 2007

System-size and centrality dependence of charged kaon and pion production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at 40 A GeV and 158 A GeV beam energy journal, November 2012

Light nuclei production as a probe of the QCD phase diagram journal, June 2018

Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at s N N = 7.7 –200 GeV from hydrodynamics journal, January 2022

LHC Machine journal, August 2008

Can gluons trace baryon number? journal, June 1996

Higher flow harmonics from ( 3 + 1 ) D event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics journal, February 2012

Beam-energy dependence of the production of light nuclei in Au + Au collisions journal, October 2020

Ion program of NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS journal, May 2009

Estimation of the shear viscosity at finite net-baryon density from A + A collision data at s NN = 7.7 – 200 GeV journal, June 2015

Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model journal, September 1999

Charged particle multiplicity distributions in pp collisions at ISR energies journal, October 1977

Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in Au + Au Collisions at s NN = 7.7 , 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV journal, July 2018

Multimessenger heavy-ion collision physics journal, January 2022

Centrality dependence of π , K , and p production in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV journal, October 2013

The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect journal, January 2022

Charged-particle multiplicities in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 0.9$$ s = 0.9 to 8 TeV journal, January 2017

Charged-particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions measured with the PHOBOS detector in Au + Au , Cu + Cu , d + Au , and p + p collisions at ultrarelativistic energies journal, February 2011

Production of photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, April 2016

The Pilot Way to Grid Resources Using glideinWMS conference, March 2009

Bulk properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program journal, October 2017

Quark–gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment journal, August 2005

QCD equation of state at finite chemical potentials for relativistic nuclear collisions journal, March 2021

Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in pp , d + Au , and Au + Au collisions at the STAR detector journal, March 2009

Ω − and Ω ¯ + Production in Central Pb + Pb collisions at 40 and 158 A GeV journal, May 2005

Diffuse Surface Optical Model for Nucleon-Nuclei Scattering journal, July 1954

Probing QCD critical fluctuations from light nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, November 2017

Nuclear Stopping in A u + A u Collisions at s N N = 200 G e V journal, August 2004

Single-particle distribution in the hydrodynamic and statistical thermodynamic models of multiparticle production journal, July 1974

Charged-particle pseudorapidity distributions in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 62.4 GeV journal, August 2006

Strange hadron production in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 7.7 , 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV journal, September 2020

Particlization in hybrid models journal, November 2012

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Production of pions, kaons, (anti-)protons and $$\phi $$ mesons in Xe–Xe collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$$ = 5.44 TeV journal, July 2021

Rapidity-dependent jet energy loss in small systems with finite-size effects and running coupling journal, August 2017

Dynamical initial-state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, February 2018

The RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program: Results from the PHENIX Experiment journal, May 2013

Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity distribution in proton–lead collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{_\text {NN}}} = 5.02$$ s NN = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector journal, April 2016

Centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity density distribution for charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV journal, September 2017

Equation of state at finite densities for QCD matter in nuclear collisions journal, August 2019

(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, July 2010

Energy dependence of Λ and Ξ production in central Pb + Pb collisions at 20 A , 30 A , 40 A , 80 A , and 158 A GeV measured at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron journal, September 2008

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, April 2013

Non-Gaussian Fluctuations near the QCD Critical Point journal, January 2009

Thermal Photon Radiation in High Multiplicity p + Pb Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider journal, February 2016

Deuteron production in AuAu collisions at s N N = 7 – 200 GeV via pion catalysis journal, March 2021

System-size dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at s NN = 5.02 TeV with ALICE journal, November 2017

Net-baryon diffusion in fluid-dynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, September 2018

Large baryon densities achievable in high-energy heavy-ion collisions outside the central rapidity region journal, January 2019

The iEBE-VISHNU code package for relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, February 2016

Mapping the phases of quantum chromodynamics with beam energy scan journal, April 2020

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD journal, November 1998

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journal, January 2022

Recent development of hydrodynamic modeling in heavy-ion collisions
journal, December 2020

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conference, January 2018

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journal, April 2009

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journal, January 1998

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journal, November 2018

Production of charged pions, kaons, and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb and inelastic $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.02$ TeV
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Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles as a function of mid- and forward rapidity multiplicities in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV
journal, July 2021

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journal, September 2021

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journal, November 2002

Event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions and the QCD critical point
journal, November 1999

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journal, February 2019

Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX Collaboration
journal, August 2005

STAR experiment results from the beam energy scan program at the RHIC
journal, November 2011

Centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density in Xe–Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.44 TeV$
journal, March 2019

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journal, February 2002

Charged-particle pseudorapidity density at mid-rapidity in p–Pb collisions at $$\pmb {\sqrt{s_{\scriptscriptstyle {\mathrm{NN}}}}}$$ s NN = 8.16 TeV
journal, April 2019

The open science grid
journal, July 2007

System-size and centrality dependence of charged kaon and pion production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at 40 $A$ GeV and 158 $A$ GeV beam energy
journal, November 2012

Light nuclei production as a probe of the QCD phase diagram
journal, June 2018

Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 7.7$ –200 GeV from hydrodynamics
journal, January 2022

LHC Machine
journal, August 2008

Can gluons trace baryon number?
journal, June 1996

Higher flow harmonics from $(3 + 1)$ D event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics
journal, February 2012

Beam-energy dependence of the production of light nuclei in Au + Au collisions
journal, October 2020

Ion program of NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS
journal, May 2009

Estimation of the shear viscosity at finite net-baryon density from $A + A$ collision data at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7 - 200$ GeV
journal, June 2015

Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model
journal, September 1999

Charged particle multiplicity distributions in pp collisions at ISR energies
journal, October 1977

Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in $Au + Au$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7$ , 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV
journal, July 2018

Multimessenger heavy-ion collision physics
journal, January 2022

Centrality dependence of $π$ , $K$ , and $p$ production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76$ TeV
journal, October 2013

The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect
journal, January 2022

Charged-particle multiplicities in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 0.9$$ s = 0.9 to 8 TeV
journal, January 2017

Charged-particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions measured with the PHOBOS detector in $Au + Au$ , $Cu + Cu$ , $d + Au$ , and $p + p$ collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
journal, February 2011

Production of photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, April 2016

The Pilot Way to Grid Resources Using glideinWMS
conference, March 2009

Bulk properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program
journal, October 2017

Quark–gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment
journal, August 2005

QCD equation of state at finite chemical potentials for relativistic nuclear collisions
journal, March 2021

Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in $pp$ , $d + Au$ , and $Au + Au$ collisions at the STAR detector
journal, March 2009

$Ω^{-}$ and ${\bar{Ω}}^{+}$ Production in Central $Pb + Pb$ collisions at 40 and $158 A GeV$
journal, May 2005

Diffuse Surface Optical Model for Nucleon-Nuclei Scattering
journal, July 1954

Probing QCD critical fluctuations from light nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, November 2017

Nuclear Stopping in $A u + A u$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 G e V$
journal, August 2004

Single-particle distribution in the hydrodynamic and statistical thermodynamic models of multiparticle production
journal, July 1974

Charged-particle pseudorapidity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4$ GeV
journal, August 2006

Strange hadron production in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 7.7$ , 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV
journal, September 2020

Particlization in hybrid models
journal, November 2012

Measurements of azimuthal anisotropy and charged-particle multiplicity in $d$ + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ , 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV
journal, December 2017

Collective Deceleration of Ultrarelativistic Nuclei and Creation of Quark-Gluon Plasma
journal, February 2002

Production of pions, kaons, (anti-)protons and $$\phi $$ mesons in Xe–Xe collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$$ = 5.44 TeV
journal, July 2021

Rapidity-dependent jet energy loss in small systems with finite-size effects and running coupling
journal, August 2017

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journal, February 2018

The RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program: Results from the PHENIX Experiment
journal, May 2013

Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity distribution in proton–lead collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{_\text {NN}}} = 5.02$$ s NN = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector
journal, April 2016

Centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity density distribution for charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV$
journal, September 2017

Equation of state at finite densities for QCD matter in nuclear collisions
journal, August 2019

(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, July 2010

Energy dependence of Λ and Ξ production in central $Pb + Pb$ collisions at $20 A, 30 A, 40 A, 80 A$ , and 158 $A$ GeV measured at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
journal, September 2008

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, April 2013

Non-Gaussian Fluctuations near the QCD Critical Point
journal, January 2009

Thermal Photon Radiation in High Multiplicity $p + Pb$ Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
journal, February 2016

Deuteron production in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 7 - 200$ GeV via pion catalysis
journal, March 2021

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journal, November 2017

Net-baryon diffusion in fluid-dynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, September 2018

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journal, January 2019

The iEBE-VISHNU code package for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2016

Mapping the phases of quantum chromodynamics with beam energy scan
journal, April 2020

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
journal, November 1998