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Title: Characterization of 128 × 128 MM-PAD-2.1 ASIC: a fast framing hard x-ray detector with high dynamic range

Abstract

Here, we characterize a new x-ray Mixed-Mode Pixel Array Detector (MM-PAD-2.1) Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Using an integrating pixel front-end with dynamic charge removal architecture, the MM-PAD-2.1 ASIC extends the maximum measurable x-ray signal (in 20 keV photon units) to > 107 x-rays/pixel/frame while maintaining a low read noise across the full dynamic range, all while imaging continuously at a frame rate of up to 10 kHz. The in-pixel dynamic charge removal mechanism prevents saturation of the input amplifier and proceeds in parallel with signal integration to achieve deadtime-less measurements with incident x-ray rates of > 1010 x-rays/pixel/s. The ASIC format consists of 128 × 128 square pixels each 150 μm on a side and is designed to be 3-side buttable so large arrays can be effectively tiled. Here we use both laboratory x-ray sources and the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) to characterize two single ASIC prototype detectors for both low (single x-ray) and high incident flux detection. In the first detector the ASIC was solder bump-bonded to a 500 μm thick Si sensor for efficient detection of x-rays below 20 keV, whereas the second detector used a 750 μm thick CdTe sensor for x-rays above ~20more » keV.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
  2. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division
OSTI Identifier:
1870411
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0017631; FG02-10ER46693; SC0016035; SC0004079; DMR-1829070
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Instrumentation
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 17; Journal Issue: 03; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-0221
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Electronic detector readout concepts (solid-state); Front-end electronics for detector readout; Hybrid detectors; X-ray detectors

Citation Formats

Gadkari, D., Shanks, K. S., Hu, H., Philipp, H. T., Tate, M. W., Thom-Levy, J., and Gruner, S. M. Characterization of 128 × 128 MM-PAD-2.1 ASIC: a fast framing hard x-ray detector with high dynamic range. United States: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/p03003.
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Gadkari, D., Shanks, K. S., Hu, H., Philipp, H. T., Tate, M. W., Thom-Levy, J., & Gruner, S. M. Characterization of 128 × 128 MM-PAD-2.1 ASIC: a fast framing hard x-ray detector with high dynamic range. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/p03003
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Gadkari, D., Shanks, K. S., Hu, H., Philipp, H. T., Tate, M. W., Thom-Levy, J., and Gruner, S. M. Mon . "Characterization of 128 × 128 MM-PAD-2.1 ASIC: a fast framing hard x-ray detector with high dynamic range". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/p03003. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1870411.
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@article{osti_1870411,
title = {Characterization of 128 × 128 MM-PAD-2.1 ASIC: a fast framing hard x-ray detector with high dynamic range},
author = {Gadkari, D. and Shanks, K. S. and Hu, H. and Philipp, H. T. and Tate, M. W. and Thom-Levy, J. and Gruner, S. M.},
abstractNote = {Here, we characterize a new x-ray Mixed-Mode Pixel Array Detector (MM-PAD-2.1) Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Using an integrating pixel front-end with dynamic charge removal architecture, the MM-PAD-2.1 ASIC extends the maximum measurable x-ray signal (in 20 keV photon units) to > 107 x-rays/pixel/frame while maintaining a low read noise across the full dynamic range, all while imaging continuously at a frame rate of up to 10 kHz. The in-pixel dynamic charge removal mechanism prevents saturation of the input amplifier and proceeds in parallel with signal integration to achieve deadtime-less measurements with incident x-ray rates of > 1010 x-rays/pixel/s. The ASIC format consists of 128 × 128 square pixels each 150 μm on a side and is designed to be 3-side buttable so large arrays can be effectively tiled. Here we use both laboratory x-ray sources and the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) to characterize two single ASIC prototype detectors for both low (single x-ray) and high incident flux detection. In the first detector the ASIC was solder bump-bonded to a 500 μm thick Si sensor for efficient detection of x-rays below 20 keV, whereas the second detector used a 750 μm thick CdTe sensor for x-rays above ~20 keV.},
doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/p03003},
journal = {Journal of Instrumentation},
number = 03,
volume = 17,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Mon Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/p03003
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Works referenced in this record:

New era of synchrotron radiation: fourth-generation storage ring
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Review of hybrid pixel detector readout ASICs for spectroscopic X-ray imaging
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A Medium-Format, Mixed-Mode Pixel Array Detector for Kilohertz X-ray Imaging
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Bandgap Dependence and Related Features of Radiation Ionization Energies in Semiconductors
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Compact Undulator for the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source: Design and Beam Test Results
journal, March 2013

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