Physics of runaway electrons with shattered pellet injection at JET
Abstract
Runaway electrons (REs) created during tokamak disruptions pose a threat to the reliable operation of future larger machines. Experiments using shattered pellet injection (SPI) have been carried out at the JET tokamak to investigate ways to prevent their generation or suppress them if avoidance is not sufficient. Avoidance is possible if the SPI contains a sufficiently low fraction of high-Z material, or if it is fired early in advance of a disruption prone to runaway generation. These results are consistent with previous similar findings obtained with Massive Gas Injection. Suppression of an already accelerated beam is not efficient using High-Z material, but deuterium leads to harmless terminations without heat loads. This effect is due to the combination of a large magnetohydrodynamic instability scattering REs on a large area and the absence of runaway regeneration during the subsequent current collapse thanks to the flushing of high-Z impurities from the runaway companion plasma. This effect also works in situations where the runaway beam moves upwards and undergoes scraping-off on the wall.
- Authors:
-
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- CEA, IRFM, Saint Paul Lez Durance (France)
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States); Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- ITER Organization, St. Paul Lez Durance (France)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald (Germany)
- Culham Science Centre, Abingdon (United Kingdom). Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE)
- Max Planck Inst. fuer Plasmaphysik, Garching (Germany)
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague (Czech Republic). Institute of Plasma Physics
- Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Tor Vergata Univ. of Rome (Italy)
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi (ISTP-CNR), Milan (Italy)
- Queen's Univ., Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
- University Milano-Bicocca, Milan (Italy)
- Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain). Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
- Consorzio CREATE, Napoli (Italy)
- Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany)
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg (Russian Federation). Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute
- Univ. of Lisbon (Portugal)
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (Switzerland)
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); Euratom Research and Training Program
- Contributing Org.:
- JET Contributors
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1870218
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; 633053
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 64; Journal Issue: 3; Conference: 47th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, 21-25 June 2021; Journal ID: ISSN 0741-3335
- Publisher:
- IOP Science
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Citation Formats
Reux, Cedric, Paz-Soldan, C., Eidietis, N., Lehnen, M., Aleynikov, P., Silburn, S., Bandaru, V., Ficker, O., Hoelzl, M., Hollmann, E. M., Jachmich, S., Joffrin, E., Lomas, P. J., Rimini, F., Baylor, L., Bleasdale, A., Calacci, L., Causa, F., Carnevale, D., Coffey, I., Craven, D., Dal Molin, A., de la Luna, E., De Tommasi, G., Garcia, J., Gebhart, T., Giacomelli, L., Huber, A., Khilkevich, E., Lowry, C., Macusova, E., Manzanares, A., Nocente, M., Panontin, E., Papp, G., Pautasso, G., Peacock, A., Plyusnin, V., Shevelev, A., Shiraki, D., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Sridhar, S., Sweeney, R., Szepesi, G., Tinguely, R. A., and Wilson, J. Physics of runaway electrons with shattered pellet injection at JET. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ac48bc.
Reux, Cedric, Paz-Soldan, C., Eidietis, N., Lehnen, M., Aleynikov, P., Silburn, S., Bandaru, V., Ficker, O., Hoelzl, M., Hollmann, E. M., Jachmich, S., Joffrin, E., Lomas, P. J., Rimini, F., Baylor, L., Bleasdale, A., Calacci, L., Causa, F., Carnevale, D., Coffey, I., Craven, D., Dal Molin, A., de la Luna, E., De Tommasi, G., Garcia, J., Gebhart, T., Giacomelli, L., Huber, A., Khilkevich, E., Lowry, C., Macusova, E., Manzanares, A., Nocente, M., Panontin, E., Papp, G., Pautasso, G., Peacock, A., Plyusnin, V., Shevelev, A., Shiraki, D., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Sridhar, S., Sweeney, R., Szepesi, G., Tinguely, R. A., & Wilson, J. Physics of runaway electrons with shattered pellet injection at JET. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac48bc
Reux, Cedric, Paz-Soldan, C., Eidietis, N., Lehnen, M., Aleynikov, P., Silburn, S., Bandaru, V., Ficker, O., Hoelzl, M., Hollmann, E. M., Jachmich, S., Joffrin, E., Lomas, P. J., Rimini, F., Baylor, L., Bleasdale, A., Calacci, L., Causa, F., Carnevale, D., Coffey, I., Craven, D., Dal Molin, A., de la Luna, E., De Tommasi, G., Garcia, J., Gebhart, T., Giacomelli, L., Huber, A., Khilkevich, E., Lowry, C., Macusova, E., Manzanares, A., Nocente, M., Panontin, E., Papp, G., Pautasso, G., Peacock, A., Plyusnin, V., Shevelev, A., Shiraki, D., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Sridhar, S., Sweeney, R., Szepesi, G., Tinguely, R. A., and Wilson, J. Wed .
"Physics of runaway electrons with shattered pellet injection at JET". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac48bc. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1870218.
@article{osti_1870218,
title = {Physics of runaway electrons with shattered pellet injection at JET},
author = {Reux, Cedric and Paz-Soldan, C. and Eidietis, N. and Lehnen, M. and Aleynikov, P. and Silburn, S. and Bandaru, V. and Ficker, O. and Hoelzl, M. and Hollmann, E. M. and Jachmich, S. and Joffrin, E. and Lomas, P. J. and Rimini, F. and Baylor, L. and Bleasdale, A. and Calacci, L. and Causa, F. and Carnevale, D. and Coffey, I. and Craven, D. and Dal Molin, A. and de la Luna, E. and De Tommasi, G. and Garcia, J. and Gebhart, T. and Giacomelli, L. and Huber, A. and Khilkevich, E. and Lowry, C. and Macusova, E. and Manzanares, A. and Nocente, M. and Panontin, E. and Papp, G. and Pautasso, G. and Peacock, A. and Plyusnin, V. and Shevelev, A. and Shiraki, D. and Sommariva, C. and Sozzi, C. and Sridhar, S. and Sweeney, R. and Szepesi, G. and Tinguely, R. A. and Wilson, J.},
abstractNote = {Runaway electrons (REs) created during tokamak disruptions pose a threat to the reliable operation of future larger machines. Experiments using shattered pellet injection (SPI) have been carried out at the JET tokamak to investigate ways to prevent their generation or suppress them if avoidance is not sufficient. Avoidance is possible if the SPI contains a sufficiently low fraction of high-Z material, or if it is fired early in advance of a disruption prone to runaway generation. These results are consistent with previous similar findings obtained with Massive Gas Injection. Suppression of an already accelerated beam is not efficient using High-Z material, but deuterium leads to harmless terminations without heat loads. This effect is due to the combination of a large magnetohydrodynamic instability scattering REs on a large area and the absence of runaway regeneration during the subsequent current collapse thanks to the flushing of high-Z impurities from the runaway companion plasma. This effect also works in situations where the runaway beam moves upwards and undergoes scraping-off on the wall.},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6587/ac48bc},
journal = {Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion},
number = 3,
volume = 64,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Wed Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
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