Depth-Dependent Understanding of Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) on the Layered Li-Ion Cathodes Operated at Extreme High Temperature
Abstract
The high-temperature operation of Li-ion batteries is highly dependent on the stability of the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formed during lithiation-delithiation reactions. However, knowledge on the nature of the CEI is limited and its stability under extreme temperatures is not well understood. Therefore, herein, we investigate a proof-of-concept study on stabilizing CEI on model LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC333) at extreme operation condition of 100 oC using thermally stable pyrrolidinium based ionic liquid electrolyte. The electrochemical lithiation-delithiation reactions at 100 oC and the CEI evolution upon different cycling conditions are investigated. Further, the depth-dependent CEI chemistry was investigated using energy tunable synchrotron-based hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Overall, the results reveal that the high temperature operation accelerated the CEI formation compared to room temperature, and the surface of the interphase layer is rich in boron-based inorganic moieties than the deeper surface. Further, bulk sensitive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to investigate the transition metal redox contributors during high temperature electrochemical reactions, similar to room temperature, the Ni2+/4+redox couple is the only charge compensating redox couple during high temperature operation. Finally, the physical nature of the conformal CEI on the cathode particles was visualized with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which confirms that themore »
- Authors:
-
- Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States)
- National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States). Material Measurement Lab.
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1867192
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1960729
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-222983-2022-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704; AC02-06CH11357; 1751472; MRI 1427926
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Chemistry of Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 34; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; additives; electrodes; electrolytes; materials; redox reactions
Citation Formats
Nagarajan, Sudhan, Weiland, Conan, Hwang, Sooyeon, Balasubramanian, Mahalingam, and Arava, Leela Reddy. Depth-Dependent Understanding of Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) on the Layered Li-Ion Cathodes Operated at Extreme High Temperature. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00435.
Nagarajan, Sudhan, Weiland, Conan, Hwang, Sooyeon, Balasubramanian, Mahalingam, & Arava, Leela Reddy. Depth-Dependent Understanding of Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) on the Layered Li-Ion Cathodes Operated at Extreme High Temperature. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00435
Nagarajan, Sudhan, Weiland, Conan, Hwang, Sooyeon, Balasubramanian, Mahalingam, and Arava, Leela Reddy. Tue .
"Depth-Dependent Understanding of Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) on the Layered Li-Ion Cathodes Operated at Extreme High Temperature". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00435. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1867192.
@article{osti_1867192,
title = {Depth-Dependent Understanding of Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) on the Layered Li-Ion Cathodes Operated at Extreme High Temperature},
author = {Nagarajan, Sudhan and Weiland, Conan and Hwang, Sooyeon and Balasubramanian, Mahalingam and Arava, Leela Reddy},
abstractNote = {The high-temperature operation of Li-ion batteries is highly dependent on the stability of the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formed during lithiation-delithiation reactions. However, knowledge on the nature of the CEI is limited and its stability under extreme temperatures is not well understood. Therefore, herein, we investigate a proof-of-concept study on stabilizing CEI on model LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC333) at extreme operation condition of 100 oC using thermally stable pyrrolidinium based ionic liquid electrolyte. The electrochemical lithiation-delithiation reactions at 100 oC and the CEI evolution upon different cycling conditions are investigated. Further, the depth-dependent CEI chemistry was investigated using energy tunable synchrotron-based hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Overall, the results reveal that the high temperature operation accelerated the CEI formation compared to room temperature, and the surface of the interphase layer is rich in boron-based inorganic moieties than the deeper surface. Further, bulk sensitive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to investigate the transition metal redox contributors during high temperature electrochemical reactions, similar to room temperature, the Ni2+/4+redox couple is the only charge compensating redox couple during high temperature operation. Finally, the physical nature of the conformal CEI on the cathode particles was visualized with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which confirms that the significant degradation of cathode particles without conformal CEI is due to the transformation of layer to spinel formation at extreme temperature. In this study, understanding this high temperature interfacial chemistry of NMC cathodes through advanced spectroscopy and microscopy will shed light on transforming ambient temperature Li-ion chemistry to high temperature applications.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00435},
journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
number = 10,
volume = 34,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Tue May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
Works referenced in this record:
ATHENA , ARTEMIS , HEPHAESTUS : data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT
journal, June 2005
- Ravel, B.; Newville, M.
- Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 12, Issue 4
Understanding the Roles of Tris(trimethylsilyl) Phosphite (TMSPi) in LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 (NMC811)/Silicon–Graphite (Si–Gr) Lithium‐Ion Batteries
journal, June 2020
- Liu, Haidong; Naylor, Andrew J.; Menon, Ashok Sreekumar
- Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 15
Designing In-Situ-Formed Interphases Enables Highly Reversible Cobalt-Free LiNiO2 Cathode for Li-ion and Li-metal Batteries
journal, October 2019
- Deng, Tao; Fan, Xiulin; Cao, Longsheng
- Joule, Vol. 3, Issue 10
High Voltage LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 /Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 Lithium Ion Cells at Elevated Temperatures: Carbonate- versus Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes
journal, September 2016
- Cao, Xia; He, Xin; Wang, Jun
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 39
A review on the stability and surface modification of layered transition-metal oxide cathodes
journal, February 2021
- Kim, Ju-Myung; Zhang, Xianhui; Zhang, Ji-Guang
- Materials Today
Hexagonal Boron Nitride-Based Electrolyte Composite for Li-Ion Battery Operation from Room Temperature to 150 °C
journal, April 2016
- Rodrigues, Marco-Tulio F.; Kalaga, Kaushik; Gullapalli, Hemtej
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 12
Changes in chemical behavior of thin film lead zirconate titanate during Ar+-ion bombardment using XPS
journal, February 2003
- Kim, Jae-Nam; Shin, Kwang-Soo; Kim, Dae-Hwan
- Applied Surface Science, Vol. 206, Issue 1-4
Electrolyte additive enabled fast charging and stable cycling lithium metal batteries
journal, March 2017
- Zheng, Jianming; Engelhard, Mark H.; Mei, Donghai
- Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries
journal, November 2001
- Tarascon, J.-M.; Armand, M.
- Nature, Vol. 414, Issue 6861, p. 359-367
Temperature-dependent cycling performance and ageing mechanisms of C6/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 batteries
journal, August 2018
- Li, Dongjiang; Li, Hu; Danilov, Dmitri
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 396
Assignment of pre-edge peaks in K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of 3d transition metal compounds: electric dipole or quadrupole?
journal, November 2008
- Yamamoto, Takashi
- X-Ray Spectrometry, Vol. 37, Issue 6
Quasi-Solid Electrolytes for High Temperature Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, November 2015
- Kalaga, Kaushik; Rodrigues, Marco-Tulio F.; Gullapalli, Hemtej
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 46
Electrochemical behaviors of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 in lithium batteries at elevated temperatures
journal, August 2005
- Yabuuchi, Naoaki; Ohzuku, Tsutomu
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 146, Issue 1-2
A cyclic phosphate-based battery electrolyte for high voltage and safe operation
journal, March 2020
- Zheng, Qifeng; Yamada, Yuki; Shang, Rui
- Nature Energy, Vol. 5, Issue 4
High temperature electrical energy storage: advances, challenges, and frontiers
journal, January 2016
- Lin, Xinrong; Salari, Maryam; Arava, Leela Mohana Reddy
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 45, Issue 21
Exceptional long-life performance of lithium-ion batteries using ionic liquid-based electrolytes
journal, January 2016
- Elia, Giuseppe Antonio; Ulissi, Ulderico; Jeong, Sangsik
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 10
Inhibition of Lithium Dendrite Formation in Lithium Metal Batteries via Regulated Cation Transport through Ultrathin Sub‐Nanometer Porous Carbon Nanomembranes
journal, June 2021
- Rajendran, Sathish; Tang, Zian; George, Antony
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 29
Passivation Layer and Cathodic Redox Reactions in Sodium-Ion Batteries Probed by HAXPES
journal, December 2015
- Doubaji, Siham; Philippe, Bertrand; Saadoune, Ismael
- ChemSusChem, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Review on high temperature secondary Li-ion batteries
journal, October 2018
- Wright, Daniel R.; Garcia-Araez, Nuria; Owen, John R.
- Energy Procedia, Vol. 151
The stability of the SEI layer, surface composition and the oxidation state of transition metals at the electrolyte–cathode interface impacted by the electrochemical cycling: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation
journal, January 2012
- Cherkashinin, Gennady; Nikolowski, Kristian; Ehrenberg, Helmut
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 35
In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy of transition metal based water oxidation catalysts
journal, January 2017
- van Oversteeg, Christina H. M.; Doan, Hoang Q.; de Groot, Frank M. F.
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 46, Issue 1
Fluorinated electrolytes for 5 V lithium-ion battery chemistry
journal, January 2013
- Zhang, Zhengcheng; Hu, Libo; Wu, Huiming
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 6
Effect of Electrolyte Additives on the LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 Surface Film Formation with Lithium and Graphite Negative Electrodes
journal, November 2019
- Hekmatfar, Maral; Hasa, Ivana; Eghbal, Ramtin
- Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Electrolyte-Additive-Driven Interfacial Engineering for High-Capacity Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Promise and Challenges
journal, April 2020
- Kim, Koeun; Ma, Hyunsoo; Park, Sewon
- ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 5
Fluorinated electrolytes for Li-ion battery: An FEC-based electrolyte for high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/graphite couple
journal, October 2013
- Hu, Libo; Zhang, Zhengcheng; Amine, Khalil
- Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 35
Do Increased Ni Contents in LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 (NMC) Electrodes Decrease Structural and Thermal Stability of Li Ion Batteries? A Thorough Look by Consideration of the Li + Extraction Ratio
journal, October 2019
- Kasnatscheew, Johannes; Röser, Stephan; Börner, Markus
- ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 11
High‐Safety and High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries in a Novel Ionic‐Liquid Electrolyte
journal, May 2020
- Sun, Hao; Zhu, Guanzhou; Zhu, Yuanmin
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 26
Facile in Situ Syntheses of Cathode Protective Electrolyte Additives for High Energy Density Li-Ion Cells
journal, March 2019
- Shkrob, Ilya A.; Han, Binghong; Sahore, Ritu
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 7
Effects of Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC) on Anode and Cathode Interfaces at Elevated Temperatures
journal, January 2015
- Shin, Hosop; Park, Jonghyun; Sastry, Ann Marie
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 9
Thermal stress-induced charge and structure heterogeneity in emerging cathode materials
journal, May 2020
- Alvarado, Judith; Wei, Chenxi; Nordlund, Dennis
- Materials Today, Vol. 35
Effect of electronic state of ions on the electrochemical properties of layered cathode materials LiNi1−2x Co x Mn x O2
journal, May 2008
- Kosova, N. V.; Devyatkina, E. T.; Kaichev, V. V.
- Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, Vol. 44, Issue 5
Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Important Component for the Formation of an Effective Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Anodes and Cathodes for Advanced Li-Ion Batteries
journal, May 2017
- Markevich, Elena; Salitra, Gregory; Aurbach, Doron
- ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 6
Lithium secondary batteries working at very high temperature: Capacity fade and understanding of aging mechanisms
journal, August 2013
- Bodenes, Lucille; Naturel, Romain; Martinez, Hervé
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 236
Molecular Engineering to Enable High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Battery: From Propylene Carbonate to Trifluoropropylene Carbonate
journal, January 2021
- Yang, Jianzhong; Liu, Qian; Pupek, Krzysztof Z.
- ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 2
Electrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond
journal, October 2014
- Xu, Kang
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 23
Electronic Structure Characterization of Cross-Linked Sulfur Polymers
journal, February 2018
- Cappel, Ute B.; Liu, Peng; Johansson, Fredrik O. L.
- ChemPhysChem, Vol. 19, Issue 9
The 1s x-ray absorption pre-edge structures in transition metal oxides
journal, February 2009
- de Groot, Frank; Vankó, György; Glatzel, Pieter
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 21, Issue 10
Mechanism of capacity fade of MCMB/Li1.1[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]0.9O2 cell at elevated temperature and additives to improve its cycle life
journal, January 2011
- Amine, Khalil; Chen, Zonghai; Zhang, Z.
- Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 44
Macroporous Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2: A High-Power and High-Energy Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
journal, September 2006
- Shaju, K. M.; Bruce, P. G.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 17
The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective
journal, January 2013
- Goodenough, John B.; Park, Kyu-Sung
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 4
Influence of Electrolyte Additives on the Degradation of Li 2 VO 2 F Li-Rich Cathodes
journal, May 2020
- Källquist, Ida; Martin, Jean-Frédéric; Naylor, Andrew J.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 124, Issue 24
Imidazolium-organic solvent mixtures as electrolytes for lithium batteries
journal, July 2005
- Chagnes, A.; Diaw, M.; Carré, B.
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 145, Issue 1
Reducing Capacity and Voltage Decay of Co‐Free Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.6 O 2 as Positive Electrode Material for Lithium Batteries Employing an Ionic Liquid‐Based Electrolyte
journal, July 2020
- Wu, Fanglin; Kim, Guk‐Tae; Diemant, Thomas
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 34
Degradation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies of Nickel-Rich NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, October 2019
- Li, Tianyu; Yuan, Xiao-Zi; Zhang, Lei
- Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Distinct Surface and Bulk Thermal Behaviors of LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 Cathode Materials as a Function of State of Charge
journal, February 2020
- Tian, Chixia; Xu, Yahong; Kan, Wang Hay
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 12, Issue 10
Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Lithium Battery Interface Studies
journal, November 2015
- Philippe, B.; Hahlin, M.; Edström, K.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 2
The cathode–electrolyte interface in the Li-ion battery
journal, November 2004
- Edström, K.; Gustafsson, T.; Thomas, J. O.
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 50, Issue 2-3
Investigation of the Charge Compensation Mechanism on the Electrochemically Li-Ion Deintercalated Li 1 - x Co 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 Electrode System by Combination of Soft and Hard X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
journal, December 2005
- Yoon, Won-Sub; Balasubramanian, Mahalingam; Chung, Kyung Yoon
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 127, Issue 49
Interfacial Chemistry Regulation via a Skin-Grafting Strategy Enables High-Performance Lithium-Metal Batteries
journal, October 2017
- Gao, Yue; Zhao, Yuming; Li, Yuguang C.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 43
XPS and ISS study of NiTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 subjected to low-energy ion bombardment. I. Influence of the type of ion (Ar + and O 2+): XPS AND ISS STUDY OF NiTiO 3 AND PbTiO 3
journal, November 1993
- Leinen, D.; Fernández, A.; Espinós, J. P.
- Surface and Interface Analysis, Vol. 20, Issue 12
On the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of LiNixMnyCozO2 material and electrodes
journal, January 2021
- Bondarchuk, Oleksandr; LaGrow, Alec P.; Kvasha, Andriy
- Applied Surface Science, Vol. 535
LiTFSI in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide: a possible electrolyte for ionic liquid based lithium ion batteries
journal, January 2015
- Lahiri, Abhishek; Schubert, Thomas J. S.; Iliev, Boyan
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 17
An unique lithium salt for the improved electrolyte of Li-ion battery
journal, September 2006
- Shui Zhang, Sheng
- Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 9
Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC) on the Performance and Surface Chemistry of Si-Nanowire Li-Ion Battery Anodes
journal, December 2011
- Etacheri, Vinodkumar; Haik, Ortal; Goffer, Yossi
- Langmuir, Vol. 28, Issue 1
Composite lithium metal anode by melt infusion of lithium into a 3D conducting scaffold with lithiophilic coating
journal, February 2016
- Liang, Zheng; Lin, Dingchang; Zhao, Jie
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 11
What Makes Fluoroethylene Carbonate Different?
journal, June 2015
- Shkrob, Ilya A.; Wishart, James F.; Abraham, Daniel P.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 27
All-temperature batteries enabled by fluorinated electrolytes with non-polar solvents
journal, October 2019
- Fan, Xiulin; Ji, Xiao; Chen, Long
- Nature Energy, Vol. 4, Issue 10
Non-flammable electrolyte enables Li-metal batteries with aggressive cathode chemistries
journal, July 2018
- Fan, Xiulin; Chen, Long; Borodin, Oleg
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 8
Pyrrolidinium Ionic Liquid Electrolyte with Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Anions: Lithium Solvation and Mobility, and Performance in Lithium Metal–Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries
journal, October 2019
- Huang, Qianwen; Lee, Yun-Yang; Gurkan, Burcu
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 58, Issue 50
Investigating the Reversibility of Structural Modifications of Li x Ni y Mn z Co 1– y – z O 2 Cathode Materials during Initial Charge/Discharge, at Multiple Length Scales
journal, August 2015
- Hwang, Sooyeon; Kim, Seung Min; Bak, Seong-Min
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 17
Temperature Dependence of Electrochemical Degradation in LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 /Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 Cells
journal, June 2019
- Björklund, Erik; Naylor, Andrew J.; Brant, William
- Energy Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 9
Understanding the Degradation Mechanisms of LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 Cathode Material in Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, August 2013
- Jung, Sung-Kyun; Gwon, Hyeokjo; Hong, Jihyun
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Combining In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction and Absorption Techniques with Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study the Origin of Thermal Instability in Overcharged Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, June 2012
- Nam, Kyung-Wan; Bak, Seong-Min; Hu, Enyuan
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 8
In situ x-ray absorption spectroscopic study of the Li[Ni1∕3Co1∕3Mn1∕3]O2 cathode material
journal, June 2005
- Deb, Aniruddha; Bergmann, Uwe; Cramer, Stephen P.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 97, Issue 11
Strategies for improving the cyclability and thermo-stability of LiMn 2 O 4 -based batteries at elevated temperatures
journal, January 2015
- Xu, Gaojie; Liu, Zhihong; Zhang, Chuanjian
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 8
Operando Observation of Sulfur Species Poisoning Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Studied by Near Ambient Pressure Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
journal, December 2018
- Yu, Liwei; Takagi, Yasumasa; Nakamura, Takahiro
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 123, Issue 1
Application of Ionic Liquids to Energy Storage and Conversion Materials and Devices
journal, January 2017
- Watanabe, Masayoshi; Thomas, Morgan L.; Zhang, Shiguo
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 117, Issue 10
High resolution x‐ray absorption spectroscopy with absolute energy calibration for the determination of absorption edge energies
journal, March 1996
- Kraft, S.; Stümpel, J.; Becker, P.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 67, Issue 3
Influence of electrolyte additives on the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation on LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 in half cells with Li metal counter electrode
journal, October 2016
- Qian, Yunxian; Niehoff, Philip; Börner, Markus
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 329
A materials perspective on Li-ion batteries at extreme temperatures
journal, July 2017
- Rodrigues, Marco-Tulio F.; Babu, Ganguli; Gullapalli, Hemtej
- Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 8
Ionic Liquid–Organic Carbonate Electrolyte Blends To Stabilize Silicon Electrodes for Extending Lithium Ion Battery Operability to 100 °C
journal, June 2016
- Ababtain, Khalid; Babu, Ganguli; Lin, Xinrong
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 24
Mechanistic Study of Electrolyte Additives to Stabilize High-Voltage Cathode–Electrolyte Interface in Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, December 2017
- Gao, Han; Maglia, Filippo; Lamp, Peter
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 51
The stability of CuO and Cu2O surfaces during argon sputtering studied by XPS and AES
journal, March 1985
- Panzner, G.; Egert, B.; Schmidt, H. P.
- Surface Science, Vol. 151, Issue 2-3
Lithium ion batteries (NMC/graphite) cycling at 80 °C: Different electrolytes and related degradation mechanism
journal, January 2018
- Genieser, R.; Ferrari, S.; Loveridge, M.
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 373
Formation of the Spinel Phase in the Layered Composite Cathode Used in Li-Ion Batteries
journal, December 2012
- Gu, Meng; Belharouak, Ilias; Zheng, Jianming
- ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 1