Effects of cryogenic temperature and grain size on fatigue-crack propagation in the medium-entropy CrCoNi alloy
Abstract
CrCoNi-based high-entropy alloys have demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties, particularly at cryogenic temperatures. Here we investigate the fatigue-crack propagation properties of the equiatomic, single-phase, face-centered cubic, medium-entropy alloy (MEA), CrCoNi, that displays exceptional strength, ductility and toughness, all of which are enhanced at cryogenic temperatures. Fatigue-crack growth is examined, at a load ratio of 0.1 over a wide range of growth rates, from ~10–11 to >10–7 m/cycle, at room (293 K) and cryogenic (198 K, 77 K) temperatures for two grain sizes (~7 and 68 µm), with emphasis on near-threshold behavior. We find that the ΔKth fatigue thresholds are increased with decreasing temperature and increasing grain size: from 5.7 MPa√m at 293 K to 8 MPa√m at 77 K in the fine-grained alloy, and from 9.4 MPa√m at 293 K to 13.7 MPa√m at 77 K in the coarse-grained alloy. Mechanistically, transgranular cracking at 293 K transitions to a mixture of intergranular and transgranular at cryogenic temperatures, where the increased propensity of nano-twins appears to inhibit growth rates by deflecting the crack path. However, the main factor affecting near-threshold behavior is roughness-induced crack closure from interference between the crack flanks, which is enhanced by the rougher fracture surfaces at low temperatures,more »
- Authors:
-
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Tech. Univ. of Berlin (Germany)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Ruhr Univ., Bochum (Germany)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; German Research Foundation (DFG); USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1860598
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1811094; OSTI ID: 1839249
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Acta Materialia
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 200; Journal Issue: N.A.; Journal ID: ISSN 1359-6454
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; medium-entropy alloy; fatigue-crack propagation; crack closure; cryogenic temperatures; grain size effects
Citation Formats
Rackwitz, Julian, Yu, Qin, Yang, Yang, Laplanche, Guillaume, George, Easo P., Minor, Andrew M., and Ritchie, Robert O. Effects of cryogenic temperature and grain size on fatigue-crack propagation in the medium-entropy CrCoNi alloy. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2020.09.021.
Rackwitz, Julian, Yu, Qin, Yang, Yang, Laplanche, Guillaume, George, Easo P., Minor, Andrew M., & Ritchie, Robert O. Effects of cryogenic temperature and grain size on fatigue-crack propagation in the medium-entropy CrCoNi alloy. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.09.021
Rackwitz, Julian, Yu, Qin, Yang, Yang, Laplanche, Guillaume, George, Easo P., Minor, Andrew M., and Ritchie, Robert O. Fri .
"Effects of cryogenic temperature and grain size on fatigue-crack propagation in the medium-entropy CrCoNi alloy". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.09.021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1860598.
@article{osti_1860598,
title = {Effects of cryogenic temperature and grain size on fatigue-crack propagation in the medium-entropy CrCoNi alloy},
author = {Rackwitz, Julian and Yu, Qin and Yang, Yang and Laplanche, Guillaume and George, Easo P. and Minor, Andrew M. and Ritchie, Robert O.},
abstractNote = {CrCoNi-based high-entropy alloys have demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties, particularly at cryogenic temperatures. Here we investigate the fatigue-crack propagation properties of the equiatomic, single-phase, face-centered cubic, medium-entropy alloy (MEA), CrCoNi, that displays exceptional strength, ductility and toughness, all of which are enhanced at cryogenic temperatures. Fatigue-crack growth is examined, at a load ratio of 0.1 over a wide range of growth rates, from ~10–11 to >10–7 m/cycle, at room (293 K) and cryogenic (198 K, 77 K) temperatures for two grain sizes (~7 and 68 µm), with emphasis on near-threshold behavior. We find that the ΔKth fatigue thresholds are increased with decreasing temperature and increasing grain size: from 5.7 MPa√m at 293 K to 8 MPa√m at 77 K in the fine-grained alloy, and from 9.4 MPa√m at 293 K to 13.7 MPa√m at 77 K in the coarse-grained alloy. Mechanistically, transgranular cracking at 293 K transitions to a mixture of intergranular and transgranular at cryogenic temperatures, where the increased propensity of nano-twins appears to inhibit growth rates by deflecting the crack path. However, the main factor affecting near-threshold behavior is roughness-induced crack closure from interference between the crack flanks, which is enhanced by the rougher fracture surfaces at low temperatures, particularly in the coarser-grained microstructure. Here, fatigue-crack propagation behavior in CrCoNi is comparable to nickel-based superalloys but is superior to that of the high-entropy CrMnFeCoNi (Cantor) alloy and many high-strength steels, making the CrCoNi alloy an excellent candidate material for safety-critical applications, particularly involving low temperatures.},
doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2020.09.021},
journal = {Acta Materialia},
number = N.A.,
volume = 200,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Fri Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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