Magnetotransport and magnetic textures in Ho/FeCoGd/β-W multilayers
Abstract
The enhancement of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) in magnetic multilayers results in the stabilization of topological spin textures such as chiral domain walls and skyrmions. Here we report on the evaluation of interface-driven magnetic interactions in a uniquely designed multilayer where each magnetic layer of two antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices of 3d and 4f moments is sandwiched between the layers of β-tungsten and holmium whose spin Hall angles are large but opposite in sign. Here, the atomic and magnetic periodicity of these multilayers is established by polarized neutron reflectivity measurements and the presence of a labyrinth domain spin texture of zero remanence with x-ray photoelectron microscopy. Measurements of the Hall resistivity [ρxy(T,H)] together with static magnetization [M(T,H)] over a broad range of temperature (T) and magnetic field (H) indicate impending compensation between 3d and 4f sublattices at T > 350 K. These multilayers are characterized by a small (0.04%) but positive magnetoresistance indicative of interface enhanced scattering, and a large (40 nΩm) and negative anomalous ρxy(T,H) which results from a parallel alignment of 4f moments with the external magnetic field. No distinct scaling is seen between ρxy(T,H), ρxx(T,H), and M(T,H) at temperatures above 200 K where the magnetization develops out ofmore »
- Authors:
-
- Morgan State Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
- SUNY Buffalo State, NY (United States)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1847165
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-222808-2022-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950; TRN: US2305203
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review. B
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 105; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Anomalous Hall effect; Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction; Electrical conductivity; Multilayer thin films; Magnetization measurements
Citation Formats
Budhani, Ramesh C., Sharma, Vinay, Negusse, Ezana, Casey, Jacob, Pathak, Arjun K., Sadowski, Jerzy T., and Kirby, Brian. Magnetotransport and magnetic textures in Ho/FeCoGd/β-W multilayers. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1103/physrevb.105.024412.
Budhani, Ramesh C., Sharma, Vinay, Negusse, Ezana, Casey, Jacob, Pathak, Arjun K., Sadowski, Jerzy T., & Kirby, Brian. Magnetotransport and magnetic textures in Ho/FeCoGd/β-W multilayers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.105.024412
Budhani, Ramesh C., Sharma, Vinay, Negusse, Ezana, Casey, Jacob, Pathak, Arjun K., Sadowski, Jerzy T., and Kirby, Brian. Wed .
"Magnetotransport and magnetic textures in Ho/FeCoGd/β-W multilayers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.105.024412. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1847165.
@article{osti_1847165,
title = {Magnetotransport and magnetic textures in Ho/FeCoGd/β-W multilayers},
author = {Budhani, Ramesh C. and Sharma, Vinay and Negusse, Ezana and Casey, Jacob and Pathak, Arjun K. and Sadowski, Jerzy T. and Kirby, Brian},
abstractNote = {The enhancement of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) in magnetic multilayers results in the stabilization of topological spin textures such as chiral domain walls and skyrmions. Here we report on the evaluation of interface-driven magnetic interactions in a uniquely designed multilayer where each magnetic layer of two antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices of 3d and 4f moments is sandwiched between the layers of β-tungsten and holmium whose spin Hall angles are large but opposite in sign. Here, the atomic and magnetic periodicity of these multilayers is established by polarized neutron reflectivity measurements and the presence of a labyrinth domain spin texture of zero remanence with x-ray photoelectron microscopy. Measurements of the Hall resistivity [ρxy(T,H)] together with static magnetization [M(T,H)] over a broad range of temperature (T) and magnetic field (H) indicate impending compensation between 3d and 4f sublattices at T > 350 K. These multilayers are characterized by a small (0.04%) but positive magnetoresistance indicative of interface enhanced scattering, and a large (40 nΩm) and negative anomalous ρxy(T,H) which results from a parallel alignment of 4f moments with the external magnetic field. No distinct scaling is seen between ρxy(T,H), ρxx(T,H), and M(T,H) at temperatures above 200 K where the magnetization develops out of plane anisotropy. The field scans of ρxy at T > 200 K show a distinct cusp in the vicinity of magnetic saturation. These Hall data have been analyzed in the framework of a model where a distinct topological contribution to ρxy rides over the anomalous Hall resistivities of the 3d and 4f magnetic sublattices. It is suggested that this apparent topological effect results from an interfacial DMI and dominates ρxy(T,H) in the temperature regime where the 3d and 4f lattices are nearly compensated.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevb.105.024412},
journal = {Physical Review. B},
number = 2,
volume = 105,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Wed Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
Works referenced in this record:
Determination of magnetic bubble film parameters from strip domain measurements
journal, May 1973
- Shaw, Roger W.; Hill, D. E.; Sandfort, R. M.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 5
Microstructure and magnetism in amorphous rare‐earth–transition‐metal thin films. I. Microstructure
journal, June 1978
- Leamy, H. J.; Dirks, A. G.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 49, Issue 6
Magnetic rare earth superlattices
journal, April 1991
- Majkrzak, C. F.; Kwo, J.; Hong, M.
- Advances in Physics, Vol. 40, Issue 2
Skyrmions on the track
journal, March 2013
- Fert, Albert; Cros, Vincent; Sampaio, João
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 3
Effect of rare earth metal on the spin-orbit torque in magnetic heterostructures
journal, June 2016
- Ueda, Kohei; Pai, Chi-Feng; Tan, Aik Jun
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 23
Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching of a Nearly Compensated Ferrimagnet by Topological Surface States
journal, July 2019
- Wu, Hao; Xu, Yong; Deng, Peng
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 35
Sublattice magnetization driven anomalous Hall resistance of FeCoGd amorphous films
journal, November 2020
- Johnson, Anthony; Negusse, Ezana; Sharma, Vinay
- AIP Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 11
Polarized neutron scattering from Gd/Fe multilayers: Twisted phase and spin-flip scattering
journal, June 1993
- Dufour, C.; Cherifi, K.; Marchal, G.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 47, Issue 21
Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets
journal, February 2016
- Woo, Seonghoon; Litzius, Kai; Krüger, Benjamin
- Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 5
Die Abhängigkeit des elektrischen Widerstandes reiner Metalle von der Temperatur
journal, January 1933
- Grüneisen, E.
- Annalen der Physik, Vol. 408, Issue 5
Realization of ordered magnetic skyrmions in thin films at ambient conditions
journal, October 2019
- Desautels, Ryan D.; DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa; Montoya, Sergio A.
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 10
Nanoscale magnetic localization in exchange strength modulated ferromagnets
journal, August 2018
- Kirby, B. J.; Fallarino, L.; Riego, P.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 6
Magnetic and magneto‐optical properties of rare‐earth transition‐metal alloys containing Gd, Tb, Fe, Co
journal, July 1989
- Hansen, P.; Clausen, C.; Much, G.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 66, Issue 2
Spin-orbit torque switching of ultralarge-thickness ferrimagnetic GdFeCo
journal, August 2017
- Roschewsky, Niklas; Lambert, Charles-Henri; Salahuddin, Sayeef
- Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 6
Skyrmions in magnetic multilayers
journal, August 2017
- Jiang, Wanjun; Chen, Gong; Liu, Kai
- Physics Reports, Vol. 704
Amorphous Metallic Films for Bubble Domain Applications
journal, January 1973
- Chaudhari, P.; Cuomo, J. J.; Gambino, R. J.
- IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 17, Issue 1
Polarized neutron study of Gd1−xCox/Co multilayers
journal, March 2004
- González, J. A.; Colino, J.; Andrés, J. P.
- Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 345, Issue 1-4
Tailoring of switching field in GdCo-based spin valves by inserting Co layer
journal, November 2017
- Svalov, A. V.; Vas'kovskiy, V. O.; Orue, I.
- Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 441
Low-lying magnetic excitations in and their suppression by a magnetic field
journal, November 1999
- Semwal, Anita; Kaul, S. N.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 60, Issue 18
Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions
journal, December 2013
- Nagaosa, Naoto; Tokura, Yoshinori
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 12
Phase-sensitive specular neutron reflectometry for imaging the nanometer scale composition depth profile of thin-film materials
journal, February 2012
- Kirby, B. J.; Kienzle, P. A.; Maranville, B. B.
- Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Vol. 17, Issue 1
The Hall effect of thin iron films
journal, March 1976
- Aldridge, R. V.; Raeburn, S. J.
- Physics Letters A, Vol. 56, Issue 3
Anomalous Hall effect
journal, May 2010
- Nagaosa, Naoto; Sinova, Jairo; Onoda, Shigeki
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 2
Tailoring magnetic energies to form dipole skyrmions and skyrmion lattices
journal, January 2017
- Montoya, S. A.; Couture, S.; Chess, J. J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 2
Current-driven dynamics and inhibition of the skyrmion Hall effect of ferrimagnetic skyrmions in GdFeCo films
journal, March 2018
- Woo, Seonghoon; Song, Kyung Mee; Zhang, Xichao
- Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Hall effect in amorphous Gd alloy films
journal, January 1980
- McGuire, T. R.; Gambino, R. J.
- Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 15-18
Magnetic Properties of Holmium and Thulium Metals
journal, March 1958
- Rhodes, B. L.; Legvold, S.; Spedding, F. H.
- Physical Review, Vol. 109, Issue 5
Anomalous Current-Induced Spin Torques in Ferrimagnets near Compensation
journal, April 2017
- Mishra, Rahul; Yu, Jiawei; Qiu, Xuepeng
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 16
Crystallization behavior of evaporated Gd‐Fe alloy films
journal, May 1984
- Lee, S. R.; Miller, A. E.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 55, Issue 10
Tunable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in GdFeCo amorphous films
journal, August 2013
- Ding, Manli; Poon, S. Joseph
- Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 339
Large Topological Hall Effect in a Short-Period Helimagnet MnGe
journal, April 2011
- Kanazawa, N.; Onose, Y.; Arima, T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 15
Pattern analysis of magnetic stripe domains morphology and topological defects in the disordered state
journal, October 1992
- Seul, M.; Monar, L. R.; O'Gorman, L.
- Philosophical Magazine B, Vol. 66, Issue 4
Anomalous Hall resistivity of cobalt films: Evidence for the intrinsic spin-orbit effect
journal, August 2005
- Kötzler, Jürgen; Gil, Woosik
- Physical Review B, Vol. 72, Issue 6
Applied Trends in Magnetic Rare Earth/Transition Metal Alloys and Multilayers
journal, August 2021
- González, Juan Antonio; Andrés, Juan Pedro; López Antón, Ricardo
- Sensors, Vol. 21, Issue 16
Tuning interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in thin amorphous ferrimagnetic alloys
journal, May 2020
- Quessab, Y.; Xu, J-W.; Ma, C. T.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Anisotropic Interface Magnetoresistance in Sandwiches
journal, May 2011
- Kobs, A.; Heße, S.; Kreuzpaintner, W.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 21
Spin Hall torques generated by rare-earth thin films
journal, February 2017
- Reynolds, Neal; Jadaun, Priyamvada; Heron, John T.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 6
Magnetic properties of rare earth-cobalt amorphous films
journal, October 1995
- Uchiyama, S.
- Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 1
Wave nature of conduction electrons in amorphous Co 90 Sc 10 and Fe 90 Sc 10 alloys
journal, October 2018
- Ghafari, M.; Louzguine-Luzgin, D. V.; Hutchison, W. D.
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 30, Issue 45
Anisotropic magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic 3d alloys
journal, July 1975
- McGuire, T.; Potter, R.
- IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 11, Issue 4
The evolution of skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers and their topological Hall signature
journal, March 2019
- Raju, M.; Yagil, A.; Soumyanarayanan, Anjan
- Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Electrical properties of binary amorphous alloys
journal, April 1978
- Hauser, J. J.; Tauc, J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 17, Issue 8
Topological Hall effect in thin films of
journal, January 2019
- Swekis, Peter; Markou, Anastasios; Kriegner, Dominik
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Fast current-driven domain walls and small skyrmions in a compensated ferrimagnet
journal, September 2018
- Caretta, Lucas; Mann, Maxwell; Büttner, Felix
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 12
Spin transfer torque devices utilizing the giant spin Hall effect of tungsten
journal, September 2012
- Pai, Chi-Feng; Liu, Luqiao; Li, Y.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 12
Irreversible evolution in the topology of magnetic domains (invited)
journal, April 1987
- Molho, P.; Porteseil, J. L.; Souche, Y.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 61, Issue 8
Emergent phenomena induced by spin–orbit coupling at surfaces and interfaces
journal, November 2016
- Soumyanarayanan, Anjan; Reyren, Nicolas; Fert, Albert
- Nature, Vol. 539, Issue 7630
Ferrimagnetic Skyrmions in Topological Insulator/Ferrimagnet Heterostructures
journal, July 2020
- Wu, Hao; Groß, Felix; Dai, Bingqian
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 34
Scaling behavior in amorphous and disordered metals
journal, January 1984
- Cochrane, R. W.; Strom-Olsen, J. O.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 29, Issue 2
Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet
journal, February 2012
- Schulz, T.; Ritz, R.; Bauer, A.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Amorphous magnetic order
journal, March 1978
- Coey, J. M. D.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 49, Issue 3