X17 boson and the H3(p,e+e–)He4 and He3(n,e+e–)He4 processes: A theoretical analysis

Viviani, M.; Filandri, E.; Girlanda, L.; Gustavino, C.; Kievsky, A.; Marcucci, L. E.; Schiavilla, R.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.105.014001

Title: $X 17$ boson and the ${}_{3}H (p, e^{+} e^{-}) {}_{4}{He}$ and ${}_{3}{He} (n, e^{+} e^{-}) {}_{4}{He}$ processes: A theoretical analysis

Abstract

The present work deals with $e^{+} – e^{-}$ pair production in the four-nucleon system. We first analyze the process as a purely electromagnetic one in the context of a state-of-the-art approach to nuclear strong-interaction dynamics and nuclear electromagnetic currents, derived from chiral effective field theory $(χ EFT)$ . Next, we examine how the exchange of a hypothetical low-mass boson would impact the cross section for such a process. We consider several possibilities, that this boson is either a scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, or axial particle. The ab initio calculations use exact hyperspherical-harmonics methods to describe the bound state and low-energy spectrum of the $A = 4$ continuum, and they fully account for initial state interaction effects in the $3 + 1$ clusters. While electromagnetic interactions are treated to high orders in the chiral expansion, the interactions of the hypothetical boson with nucleons are modeled in leading-order $χ EFT$ (albeit, in some instances, selected subleading contributions are also accounted for). We also provide an overview of possible future experiments probing pair production in the $A = 4$ system at a number of candidate facilities.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]; Girlanda, L. ^[3]; Gustavino, C. ^[4];

^[1]; Marcucci, L. E. ^[5];

^[6]

National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa (Italy)
Univ. of Trento (Italy); National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Povo-Trento (Italy). Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA)
University of Salento, Lecce (Italy); National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Lecce (Italy)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Rome (Italy)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa (Italy); Univ. of Pisa (Italy)
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Jan 03 00:00:00 EST 2022

Research Org.:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1839217

Report Number(s):: JLAB-THY-21-3351; DOE/OR/23177-5170; arXiv:2104.07808
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; DE-AC05-06OR23177; TRN: US2301063

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 105; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; effective field theory; few-body systems; nucleon induced nuclear reactions; particle interactions; radiative capture; axions; hypothetical gauge bosons; hypothetical particles; hypothetical scalars; ab initio calculations; nuclear physics; particles & fields

Citation Formats


                    Viviani, M., Filandri, E., Girlanda, L., Gustavino, C., Kievsky, A., Marcucci, L. E., and Schiavilla, R. X17 boson and the H3(p,e+e–)He4 and He3(n,e+e–)He4 processes: A theoretical analysis.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevc.105.014001.

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                    Viviani, M., Filandri, E., Girlanda, L., Gustavino, C., Kievsky, A., Marcucci, L. E., & Schiavilla, R. X17 boson and the H3(p,e+e–)He4 and He3(n,e+e–)He4 processes: A theoretical analysis.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.105.014001

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                    Viviani, M., Filandri, E., Girlanda, L., Gustavino, C., Kievsky, A., Marcucci, L. E., and Schiavilla, R. Mon .  
"X17 boson and the H3(p,e+e–)He4 and He3(n,e+e–)He4 processes: A theoretical analysis".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.105.014001.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1839217.

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@article{osti_1839217,

  title        = {X17 boson and the H3(p,e+e–)He4 and He3(n,e+e–)He4 processes: A theoretical analysis},

  author       = {Viviani, M. and Filandri, E. and Girlanda, L. and Gustavino, C. and Kievsky, A. and Marcucci, L. E. and Schiavilla, R.},

  abstractNote = {The present work deals with e+–e– pair production in the four-nucleon system. We first analyze the process as a purely electromagnetic one in the context of a state-of-the-art approach to nuclear strong-interaction dynamics and nuclear electromagnetic currents, derived from chiral effective field theory (χEFT). Next, we examine how the exchange of a hypothetical low-mass boson would impact the cross section for such a process. We consider several possibilities, that this boson is either a scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, or axial particle. The ab initio calculations use exact hyperspherical-harmonics methods to describe the bound state and low-energy spectrum of the A=4 continuum, and they fully account for initial state interaction effects in the 3+1 clusters. While electromagnetic interactions are treated to high orders in the chiral expansion, the interactions of the hypothetical boson with nucleons are modeled in leading-order χEFT (albeit, in some instances, selected subleading contributions are also accounted for). We also provide an overview of possible future experiments probing pair production in the A=4 system at a number of candidate facilities.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevc.105.014001},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 105,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Jan 03 00:00:00 EST 2022},

  month        = {Mon Jan 03 00:00:00 EST 2022}

}

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Light axial vector bosons, nuclear transitions, and the Be 8 anomaly journal, June 2017

Search for short-lived axions in an electron-beam-dump experiment journal, August 1987

Accommodating three low-scale anomalies (g − 2, Lamb shift, and Atomki) in the framed Standard Model journal, September 2019

Explanation of the 17 MeV Atomki anomaly in a U ( 1 ) ′ -extended two Higgs doublet model journal, December 2017

Local chiral interactions and magnetic structure of few-nucleon systems journal, March 2019

The Belle II Physics Book journal, February 2020

Is there a sign of new physics in beryllium transitions? journal, September 2017

New Physics Suggested by Atomki Anomaly journal, May 2019

The design of the MEG II experiment: MEG II Collaboration journal, May 2018

A viable QCD axion in the MeV mass range journal, July 2018

The Belle II Physics Book journal, December 2019

Protophobic Fifth-Force Interpretation of the Observed Anomaly in Be 8 Nuclear Transitions journal, August 2016

U -boson production in e + e − annihilations, ψ and Υ decays, and light dark matter journal, June 2007

Light-Nuclei Spectra from Chiral Dynamics journal, February 2018

Secluded WIMP dark matter journal, April 2008

Local chiral interactions, the tritium Gamow-Teller matrix element, and the three-nucleon contact term journal, October 2018

Weak transitions in A = 6 and 7 nuclei journal, April 2002

Magnetic form factors of the trinucleons journal, November 1989

FLAG Review 2019: Flavour Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG) journal, February 2020

Electromagnetic reactions on light nuclei journal, November 2014

New Constraints on Light Vectors Coupled to Anomalous Currents journal, October 2017

Electromagnetic two-body currents of one- and two-pion range journal, December 2008

Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm journal, April 2021

n + H 3 , p + He 3 , p + H 3 , and n + He 3 scattering with the hyperspherical harmonic method journal, September 2020

Observation of Anomalous Internal Pair Creation in Be 8 : A Possible Indication of a Light, Neutral Boson journal, January 2016

Local chiral potentials with Δ -intermediate states and the structure of light nuclei journal, November 2016

Atomki Anomaly in Family-Dependent U ( 1 ) ′ Extension of the Standard Model journal, March 2019

Accurate charge-dependent nucleon-nucleon potential at fourth order of chiral perturbation theory journal, October 2003

New limits on hidden photons from past electron beam dumps journal, November 2012

A high-precision variational approach to three- and four-nucleon bound and zero-energy scattering states journal, May 2008

Chiral perturbation theory to one loop journal, November 1984

Electromagnetic currents and magnetic moments in chiral effective field theory ( χ EFT ) journal, September 2009

Two-nucleon electromagnetic charge operator in chiral effective field theory ( χ EFT) up to one loop journal, August 2011

Leading hadronic contribution to the muon magnetic moment from lattice QCD journal, April 2021

Note on the Interaction Between Nuclei and Electromagnetic Radiation journal, October 1937

He 3 ( n ,γ ) 4 He cross section and the photodisintegration of He 4 journal, November 1993

Possible explanation of the electron positron anomaly at 17 MeV in 8 Be transitions through a light pseudoscalar journal, November 2016

Ab initio calculation of the neutron-proton mass difference journal, March 2015

The Chiral Effective Pion-Nucleon Lagrangian of Order p4 journal, August 2000

Limit on the production of a low-mass vector boson in e + e − → U γ , U → e + e − with the KLOE experiment journal, November 2015

Dynamical evidence for a fifth force explanation of the ATOMKI nuclear anomalies journal, August 2020

X17: A new force, or evidence for a hard γ + γ process? journal, April 2021

The Chiral Effective Pion–Nucleon Lagrangian of Order p4 journal, February 2001

Chiral effective field theory and nuclear forces journal, June 2011

Roy–Steiner-equation analysis of pion–nucleon scattering journal, April 2016

Accurate evaluation of hadronic uncertainties in spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering: Disentangling two- and three-flavor effects journal, March 2014

Search for the dark photon in π 0 decays journal, June 2015

Constraints on a very light CP-odd Higgs of the NMSSM and other axion-like particles journal, August 2010

Two-nucleon electromagnetic current in chiral effective field theory: One-pion exchange and short-range contributions journal, November 2011

Implication of hidden sub-GeV bosons for the ( g − 2 ) μ , Be 8 − He 4 anomaly, proton charge radius, EDM of fermions, and dark axion portal journal, November 2020

Electromagnetic structure of few-nucleon ground states journal, January 2016

U boson interpolating between a generalized dark photon or dark Z , an axial boson, and an axionlike particle journal, February 2021

Determination of the fine-structure constant with an accuracy of 81 parts per trillion journal, December 2020

Heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory with light deltas journal, October 1998

New anomaly observed in He 4 supports the existence of the hypothetical X17 particle journal, October 2021

Can nuclear physics explain the anomaly observed in the internal pair production in the Beryllium-8 nucleus? journal, October 2017

Three-nucleon forces from chiral effective field theory journal, December 2002

The Hyperspherical Harmonics Method: A Tool for Testing and Improving Nuclear Interaction Models journal, April 2020

Can a protophobic vector boson explain the ATOMKI anomaly? journal, February 2021

History of dark matter journal, October 2018

Energy levels of light nuclei A = 4 journal, May 1992

Pion-nucleon scattering in chiral perturbation theory (I): Isospin-symmetric case journal, September 1998

The Quantum Theory of Fields book, May 2013

Search for a Hypothetical 16.7 MeV Gauge Boson and Dark Photons in the NA64 Experiment at CERN journal, June 2018

Electromagnetic structure of A = 2 and 3 nuclei in chiral effective field theory journal, January 2013

Up, down, and strange nucleon axial form factors from lattice QCD journal, June 2017

High-accuracy determination of the neutron flux in the new experimental area n_TOF-EAR2 at CERN journal, October 2017

Anomalous internal pair creation journal, August 2020

Extracting the σ -term from low-energy pion-nucleon scattering journal, December 2017

Improved limits on a hypothetical X ( 16.7 ) boson and a dark photon decaying into e + e − pairs journal, April 2020

17 MeV Atomki anomaly from short-distance structure of spacetime journal, March 2020

Benchmark calculation of n - 3 H and p - 3 He scattering journal, November 2011

Quantum Monte Carlo methods for nuclear physics journal, September 2015

Two-pion exchange electromagnetic current in chiral effective field theory using the method of unitary transformation journal, October 2009

Title: $X 17$ boson and the ${}_{3}H (p, e^{+} e^{-}) {}_{4}{He}$ and ${}_{3}{He} (n, e^{+} e^{-}) {}_{4}{He}$ processes: A theoretical analysis

Light axial vector bosons, nuclear transitions, and the ${}^{8}{Be}$ anomaly
journal, June 2017

Search for short-lived axions in an electron-beam-dump experiment
journal, August 1987

Accommodating three low-scale anomalies (g − 2, Lamb shift, and Atomki) in the framed Standard Model
journal, September 2019

Explanation of the 17 MeV Atomki anomaly in a $U (1)^{'}$ -extended two Higgs doublet model
journal, December 2017

Local chiral interactions and magnetic structure of few-nucleon systems
journal, March 2019

The Belle II Physics Book
journal, February 2020

Is there a sign of new physics in beryllium transitions?
journal, September 2017

New Physics Suggested by Atomki Anomaly
journal, May 2019

The design of the MEG II experiment: MEG II Collaboration
journal, May 2018

A viable QCD axion in the MeV mass range
journal, July 2018

The Belle II Physics Book
journal, December 2019

Protophobic Fifth-Force Interpretation of the Observed Anomaly in ${}^{8}{Be}$ Nuclear Transitions
journal, August 2016

$U$ -boson production in $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilations, $ψ$ and $Υ$ decays, and light dark matter
journal, June 2007

Light-Nuclei Spectra from Chiral Dynamics
journal, February 2018

Secluded WIMP dark matter
journal, April 2008

Local chiral interactions, the tritium Gamow-Teller matrix element, and the three-nucleon contact term
journal, October 2018

Weak transitions in $A = 6$ and 7 nuclei
journal, April 2002

Magnetic form factors of the trinucleons
journal, November 1989

FLAG Review 2019: Flavour Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG)
journal, February 2020

Electromagnetic reactions on light nuclei
journal, November 2014

New Constraints on Light Vectors Coupled to Anomalous Currents
journal, October 2017

Electromagnetic two-body currents of one- and two-pion range
journal, December 2008

Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm
journal, April 2021

$n + {}^{3}H,$ $p + {}^{3}{He},$ $p + {}^{3}H,$ and $n + {}^{3}{He}$ scattering with the hyperspherical harmonic method
journal, September 2020

Observation of Anomalous Internal Pair Creation in ${}^{8}{Be}$ : A Possible Indication of a Light, Neutral Boson
journal, January 2016

Local chiral potentials with $Δ$ -intermediate states and the structure of light nuclei
journal, November 2016

Atomki Anomaly in Family-Dependent $U (1)^{'}$ Extension of the Standard Model
journal, March 2019

Accurate charge-dependent nucleon-nucleon potential at fourth order of chiral perturbation theory
journal, October 2003

New limits on hidden photons from past electron beam dumps
journal, November 2012

A high-precision variational approach to three- and four-nucleon bound and zero-energy scattering states
journal, May 2008

Chiral perturbation theory to one loop
journal, November 1984

Electromagnetic currents and magnetic moments in chiral effective field theory $(χ EFT)$
journal, September 2009

Two-nucleon electromagnetic charge operator in chiral effective field theory ( $χ$ EFT) up to one loop
journal, August 2011

Leading hadronic contribution to the muon magnetic moment from lattice QCD
journal, April 2021

Note on the Interaction Between Nuclei and Electromagnetic Radiation
journal, October 1937

${}^{3}{He}$ ( n ,γ $)^{4}$ He cross section and the photodisintegration of ${}^{4}{He}$
journal, November 1993

Possible explanation of the electron positron anomaly at 17 MeV in 8 Be transitions through a light pseudoscalar
journal, November 2016

Ab initio calculation of the neutron-proton mass difference
journal, March 2015

The Chiral Effective Pion-Nucleon Lagrangian of Order p4
journal, August 2000

Limit on the production of a low-mass vector boson in $e^{+} e^{-} \to U γ$ , $U \to e^{+} e^{-}$ with the KLOE experiment
journal, November 2015

Dynamical evidence for a fifth force explanation of the ATOMKI nuclear anomalies
journal, August 2020

X17: A new force, or evidence for a hard γ + γ process?
journal, April 2021

The Chiral Effective Pion–Nucleon Lagrangian of Order p4
journal, February 2001

Chiral effective field theory and nuclear forces
journal, June 2011

Roy–Steiner-equation analysis of pion–nucleon scattering
journal, April 2016

Accurate evaluation of hadronic uncertainties in spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering: Disentangling two- and three-flavor effects
journal, March 2014

Search for the dark photon in $π^{0}$ decays
journal, June 2015

Constraints on a very light CP-odd Higgs of the NMSSM and other axion-like particles
journal, August 2010

Two-nucleon electromagnetic current in chiral effective field theory: One-pion exchange and short-range contributions
journal, November 2011

Implication of hidden sub-GeV bosons for the $(g - 2)_{μ}$ , ${}^{8}{Be} − {}^{4}{He}$ anomaly, proton charge radius, EDM of fermions, and dark axion portal
journal, November 2020

Electromagnetic structure of few-nucleon ground states
journal, January 2016

$U$ boson interpolating between a generalized dark photon or dark $Z$ , an axial boson, and an axionlike particle
journal, February 2021

Determination of the fine-structure constant with an accuracy of 81 parts per trillion
journal, December 2020

Heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory with light deltas
journal, October 1998

New anomaly observed in ${}^{4}{He}$ supports the existence of the hypothetical X17 particle
journal, October 2021

Can nuclear physics explain the anomaly observed in the internal pair production in the Beryllium-8 nucleus?
journal, October 2017

Three-nucleon forces from chiral effective field theory
journal, December 2002

The Hyperspherical Harmonics Method: A Tool for Testing and Improving Nuclear Interaction Models
journal, April 2020

Can a protophobic vector boson explain the ATOMKI anomaly?
journal, February 2021

History of dark matter
journal, October 2018

Energy levels of light nuclei A = 4
journal, May 1992

Pion-nucleon scattering in chiral perturbation theory (I): Isospin-symmetric case
journal, September 1998

The Quantum Theory of Fields
book, May 2013

Search for a Hypothetical 16.7 MeV Gauge Boson and Dark Photons in the NA64 Experiment at CERN
journal, June 2018

Electromagnetic structure of $A = 2$ and 3 nuclei in chiral effective field theory
journal, January 2013

Up, down, and strange nucleon axial form factors from lattice QCD
journal, June 2017

High-accuracy determination of the neutron flux in the new experimental area n_TOF-EAR2 at CERN
journal, October 2017

Anomalous internal pair creation
journal, August 2020

Extracting the σ -term from low-energy pion-nucleon scattering
journal, December 2017

Improved limits on a hypothetical $X (16.7)$ boson and a dark photon decaying into $e^{+} e^{-}$ pairs
journal, April 2020

17 MeV Atomki anomaly from short-distance structure of spacetime
journal, March 2020

Benchmark calculation of $n$ - $^{3}$ H and $p$ - $^{3}$ He scattering
journal, November 2011

Quantum Monte Carlo methods for nuclear physics
journal, September 2015

Two-pion exchange electromagnetic current in chiral effective field theory using the method of unitary transformation
journal, October 2009