Inferring the Dynamics of Ground-State Evolution of Quantum Annealers
Abstract
To solve an optimization problem using a commercial quantum annealer, one has to represent the problem of interest as an Ising or a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem and submit its coefficients to the annealer, which then returns a user-specified number of low-energy solutions. It would be useful to know what happens in the quantum processor during the anneal process so that one could design better algorithms or suggest improvements to the hardware. However, existing quantum annealers are not able to directly extract such information from the processor. Hence, in this work we propose to use advanced features of D-Wave 2000Q to indirectly infer information about the dynamics of the state evolution during the anneal process. Specifically, D-Wave 2000Q allows the user to customize the anneal schedule, that is, the schedule with which the anneal fraction is changed from the start to the end of the anneal. Furthermore, using this feature, we design a set of modified anneal schedules whose outputs can be used to generate information about the states of the system at user-defined time points during a standard anneal. With this process, called "slicing", we obtain approximate distributions of lowest-energy anneal solutions as the anneal time evolves.more »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[2]
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Harvard Univ., Boston, MA (United States). T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1825408
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1739960
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-20-27022; LA-UR-20-30193
Journal ID: ISSN 1045-9219
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001; 20190065DR; 20180267ER
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 33; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1045-9219
- Publisher:
- IEEE
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; Quantum annealing; D-Wave 2000Q; Genetic algorithms; freezeout point; qubits; state evolution; quenching; slicing; Annealing; qubit; schedules; standards; visualization; optimization; NP-hard problem
Citation Formats
Pelofske, Elijah Autumn Rain, Djidjev, Hristo Nikolov, and Hahn, Georg. Inferring the Dynamics of Ground-State Evolution of Quantum Annealers. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1109/TPDS.2020.3044846.
Pelofske, Elijah Autumn Rain, Djidjev, Hristo Nikolov, & Hahn, Georg. Inferring the Dynamics of Ground-State Evolution of Quantum Annealers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2020.3044846
Pelofske, Elijah Autumn Rain, Djidjev, Hristo Nikolov, and Hahn, Georg. Tue .
"Inferring the Dynamics of Ground-State Evolution of Quantum Annealers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2020.3044846. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1825408.
@article{osti_1825408,
title = {Inferring the Dynamics of Ground-State Evolution of Quantum Annealers},
author = {Pelofske, Elijah Autumn Rain and Djidjev, Hristo Nikolov and Hahn, Georg},
abstractNote = {To solve an optimization problem using a commercial quantum annealer, one has to represent the problem of interest as an Ising or a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem and submit its coefficients to the annealer, which then returns a user-specified number of low-energy solutions. It would be useful to know what happens in the quantum processor during the anneal process so that one could design better algorithms or suggest improvements to the hardware. However, existing quantum annealers are not able to directly extract such information from the processor. Hence, in this work we propose to use advanced features of D-Wave 2000Q to indirectly infer information about the dynamics of the state evolution during the anneal process. Specifically, D-Wave 2000Q allows the user to customize the anneal schedule, that is, the schedule with which the anneal fraction is changed from the start to the end of the anneal. Furthermore, using this feature, we design a set of modified anneal schedules whose outputs can be used to generate information about the states of the system at user-defined time points during a standard anneal. With this process, called "slicing", we obtain approximate distributions of lowest-energy anneal solutions as the anneal time evolves. We use our technique to obtain a variety of insights into the annealer, such as the state evolution during annealing, when individual bits in an evolving solution flip during the anneal process and when they stabilize, and we introduce a technique to estimate the freeze-out point of both the system as well as of individual qubits.},
doi = {10.1109/TPDS.2020.3044846},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems},
number = 2,
volume = 33,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
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