Predicting large-scale pool fire dynamics using an unsteady flamelet- and large-eddy simulation-based model suite

Domino, Stefan P.; Hewson, John; Knaus, Robert; Hansen, Mike

doi:10.1063/5.0060267

Title: Predicting large-scale pool fire dynamics using an unsteady flamelet- and large-eddy simulation-based model suite

Abstract

A low-Mach, unstructured, large-eddy-simulation-based, unsteady flamelet approach with a generalized heat loss combustion methodology (including soot generation and consumption mechanisms) is deployed to support a large-scale, quiescent, 5-m JP-8 pool fire validation study. The quiescent pool fire validation study deploys solution sensitivity procedures, i.e., the effect of mesh and time step refinement on capturing key fire dynamics such as fingering and puffing, as mesh resolutions approach O(1) cm. A novel design-order, discrete-ordinate-method discretization methodology is established by use of an analytical thermal/participating media radiation solution on both low-order hexahedral and tetrahedral mesh topologies in addition to quadratic hexahedral elements. Here, the coupling between heat losses and the flamelet thermochemical state is achieved by augmenting the unsteady flamelet equation set with a heat loss source term. Soot and radiation source terms are determined using flamelet approaches for the full range of heat losses experienced in fire applications including radiative extinction. The proposed modeling and simulation paradigm are validated using pool surface radiative heat flux, maximum centerline temperature location, and puffing frequency data, all of which are predicted within 10% accuracy. Simulations demonstrate that under-resolved meshes predict an overly conservative radiative heat flux magnitude with improved comparisons as compared to a previouslymore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Hewson, John ^[2]; Knaus, Robert ^[2]; Hansen, Mike ^[2]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Inst. for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford, CA (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Aug 04 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1822224

Report Number(s):: SAND-2021-8617J
Journal ID: ISSN 1070-6631; 697169; TRN: US2214595

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physics of Fluids

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 33; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-6631

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 42 ENGINEERING; Combustion dynamics; Thermodynamic states and processes; Turbulence theory and modelling; Flow visualization; Turbulence simulations; Flamelet model; Gas phase; Navier Stokes equations; Computer simulation; Ordinate method

Citation Formats


                    Domino, Stefan P., Hewson, John, Knaus, Robert, and Hansen, Mike. Predicting large-scale pool fire dynamics using an unsteady flamelet- and large-eddy simulation-based model suite.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/5.0060267.

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                    Domino, Stefan P., Hewson, John, Knaus, Robert, & Hansen, Mike. Predicting large-scale pool fire dynamics using an unsteady flamelet- and large-eddy simulation-based model suite.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0060267

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                    Domino, Stefan P., Hewson, John, Knaus, Robert, and Hansen, Mike. Wed .  
"Predicting large-scale pool fire dynamics using an unsteady flamelet- and large-eddy simulation-based model suite".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0060267.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1822224.

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@article{osti_1822224,

  title        = {Predicting large-scale pool fire dynamics using an unsteady flamelet- and large-eddy simulation-based model suite},

  author       = {Domino, Stefan P. and Hewson, John and Knaus, Robert and Hansen, Mike},

  abstractNote = {A low-Mach, unstructured, large-eddy-simulation-based, unsteady flamelet approach with a generalized heat loss combustion methodology (including soot generation and consumption mechanisms) is deployed to support a large-scale, quiescent, 5-m JP-8 pool fire validation study. The quiescent pool fire validation study deploys solution sensitivity procedures, i.e., the effect of mesh and time step refinement on capturing key fire dynamics such as fingering and puffing, as mesh resolutions approach O(1) cm. A novel design-order, discrete-ordinate-method discretization methodology is established by use of an analytical thermal/participating media radiation solution on both low-order hexahedral and tetrahedral mesh topologies in addition to quadratic hexahedral elements. Here, the coupling between heat losses and the flamelet thermochemical state is achieved by augmenting the unsteady flamelet equation set with a heat loss source term. Soot and radiation source terms are determined using flamelet approaches for the full range of heat losses experienced in fire applications including radiative extinction. The proposed modeling and simulation paradigm are validated using pool surface radiative heat flux, maximum centerline temperature location, and puffing frequency data, all of which are predicted within 10% accuracy. Simulations demonstrate that under-resolved meshes predict an overly conservative radiative heat flux magnitude with improved comparisons as compared to a previously deployed hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/eddy dissipation concept-based methodology.},

  doi          = {10.1063/5.0060267},

  journal      = {Physics of Fluids},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 33,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Aug 04 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Wed Aug 04 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

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Title: Predicting large-scale pool fire dynamics using an unsteady flamelet- and large-eddy simulation-based model suite

Abstract

Citation Formats

Design-order, non-conformal low-Mach fluid algorithms using a hybrid CVFEM/DG approach journal, April 2018

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An extinction criterion for nonpremixed flames subject to brief periods of high dissipation rates journal, May 2013

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Eigensensitivity analysis of subgrid-scale stresses in large-eddy simulation of a turbulent axisymmetric jet journal, June 2019

On the formation and early evolution of soot in turbulent nonpremixed flames journal, January 2012

An assessment of atypical mesh topologies for low-Mach large-eddy simulation journal, January 2019

A Case Study on Pathogen Transport, Deposition, Evaporation and Transmission: Linking High-Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations to Probability of Infection journal, April 2021

Chemical mechanism for high temperature combustion of engine relevant fuels with emphasis on soot precursors journal, March 2009

Unsteady flamelet modeling of turbulent hydrogen-air diffusion flames journal, January 1998

A dynamic subgrid‐scale eddy viscosity model journal, July 1991

Cfd Prediction of pool fire Burning Rates and Flame Feedback journal, August 2004

A Framework for Characterizing Structural Uncertainty in Large-Eddy Simulation Closures journal, August 2017

Vortical structures in pool fires: Observation, speculation, and simulation report, November 1996

A Study of Coupled Turbulent Mixing, Soot Chemistry, and Radiation Effects Using the Linear Eddy Model journal, May 1998

Experimental investigation of the turbulence structure of medium-scale methanol pool fires journal, May 1996

A Skewed, Positive Influence Coefficient Upwinding Procedure for Control-Volume-Based Finite-Element Convection-Diffusion Computation journal, January 1986

Unsteady flamelet modeling of differential diffusion in turbulent jet diffusion flames journal, November 2000

Finite element formulation of the discrete-ordinates method for multidimensional geometries journal, July 1994

Soot formation in shock-tube pyrolysis of acetylene, allene, and 1,3-butadiene☆ journal, December 1983

Experimental and numerical simulation of a buoyant fire journal, July 1985

Experimental study of the effect of fuel mass flux on a 1-m-diameter methane fire and comparison with a hydrogen fire journal, October 2004

A simplified reaction mechanism for soot formation in nonpremixed flames journal, December 1991

Verification for Multi-Mechanics Applications conference, June 2007

The TN Quadrature Set for the Discrete Ordinates Method journal, November 1995

Spatial approximation of the radiation transport equation using a subgrid-scale finite element method journal, January 2011

Soot Property Measurements in a Two-Meter Diameter jp-8 pool fire journal, April 2006

Towards Extreme-Scale Simulations for Low Mach Fluids with Second-Generation Trilinos journal, December 2014

Numerical simulation of small pool fires incorporating liquid fuel motion journal, March 2020

Application of a subgrid soot-radiation model in the numerical simulation of a heptane pool fire journal, January 2015

Development of an unstructured radiation model applicable for two-dimensional planar, axisymmetric, and three-dimensional geometries journal, July 2000

Spatial and angular finite element method for radiative transfer in participating media journal, May 2015

Estimating large pool fire burning rates journal, November 1983

Advances in modelling in CFD simulations of turbulent gaseous pool fires journal, July 2017

Thermal Measurements from a Series of Tests with a Large Cylindrical Calorimeter on the Leeward Edge of a JP-8 Pool Fire in Cross-Flow report, July 2001

Heat transfer to large objects in large pool fires journal, December 1988

Validation predictions of a 13 m/s cross-wind fire for Fuego and the University of Waterloo dataset. report, March 2008

Application of Spatial and Angular Domain Based Parallelism to a Discrete Ordinates Formulation with Unstructured Spatial Discretization conference, January 1997

Soot formation in shock-tube pyrolysis of toluene-n-heptane and toluene-iso-octane mixtures journal, February 1995

Interaction between Crosswind and Aviation-Fuel Fire Engulfing a Full-Scale Composite-Type Aircraft: A Numerical Study journal, May 2015

Simulations of a turbulent line fire with a steady flamelet combustion model coupled with models for non-local and local gas radiation effects journal, June 2019

Coupling radiative heat transfer in participating media with other heat transfer modes journal, September 2015

Streamline Upwind Scheme for Control-Volume Finite Elements, part i. Formulations journal, July 1992

Comparison of discrete ordinates formulations for radiative heat transfer in multidimensional geometries journal, January 1995

RADCAL: A Narrow-Band Model for Radiation Calculations in a Combustion Environment journal, April 1993

Comparison of Galerkin and control volume finite element for advection-diffusion problems journal, January 2005

A hybrid scalar model for sooting turbulent flames journal, April 2006

Large eddy simulation of fire plumes journal, January 2011

Prediction of a Small-Scale Pool Fire with FireFoam journal, January 2017

Large eddy simulation of the unstable flame structure and gas-to-liquid thermal feedback in a medium-scale methanol pool fire journal, March 2021

Advances in the discrete ordinates and finite volume methods for the solution of radiative heat transfer problems in participating media journal, September 2014

Experiments on the periodic instability of buoyant plumes and pool fires journal, April 1993

The Effects of Wind on Fire Environments Containing Large Cylinders journal, December 2008

Infrared Mean Absorption Coefficients of Luminous Flames and Smoke journal, May 1978

Large-Scale Open Pool Experimental Data and Analysis for Fire Model Validation and Development journal, January 2008

A model for soot radiation in buoyant diffusion flames journal, January 2011

Extension of the eddy dissipation concept and smoke point soot model to the LES frame for fire simulations journal, February 2014

Comparison of three spatial differencing schemes in discrete ordinates method using three-dimensional unstructured meshes journal, September 2005

Finite volume method for radiation heat transfer journal, July 1994

Validation of a simple turbulence model suitable for closure of temporally-filtered Navier-Stokes equations using a helium plume. report, June 2005

Coupling of Large Fire Phenomenon with Object Geometry and Object Thermal Response journal, November 1997

A global soot model developed for fires: Validation in laminar flames and application in turbulent pool fires journal, October 2011

Radiative heat transfer in three-dimensional enclosures of complex geometry by using the discrete-ordinates method journal, January 1998

Formulation of a Surrogate for the Simulation of jet fuel pool Fires journal, April 2005

O N THE F LUID M ECHANICS OF F IRES journal, January 2001

Large Eddy Simulation of medium-scale methanol pool fires - effects of pool boundary conditions journal, December 2020

A Multi-physics Computational Investigation of Droplet Pathogen Transport Eminating from Synthetic Coughs and Breathing journal, January 2021

Scalar profiles and NO formation in laminar opposed-flow partially premixed methane/air flames journal, November 2001

Modeling of radiation and nitric oxide formation in turbulent nonpremixed flames using a flamelet/progress variable formulation journal, May 2008

Reaction rates, air entrainment and radiation in turbulent fire plumes journal, January 1977

A Spatially Developing One-Dimensional Turbulence (ODT) Study of Soot and Enthalpy Evolution in Meter-Scale Buoyant Turbulent Flames journal, January 2010

Design-order, non-conformal low-Mach fluid algorithms using a hybrid CVFEM/DG approach
journal, April 2018

Experimental study of a turbulent buoyant helium plume
journal, November 2005

An extinction criterion for nonpremixed flames subject to brief periods of high dissipation rates
journal, May 2013

Mechanism of Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames
journal, January 2013

Eigensensitivity analysis of subgrid-scale stresses in large-eddy simulation of a turbulent axisymmetric jet
journal, June 2019

On the formation and early evolution of soot in turbulent nonpremixed flames
journal, January 2012

An assessment of atypical mesh topologies for low-Mach large-eddy simulation
journal, January 2019

A Case Study on Pathogen Transport, Deposition, Evaporation and Transmission: Linking High-Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations to Probability of Infection
journal, April 2021

Chemical mechanism for high temperature combustion of engine relevant fuels with emphasis on soot precursors
journal, March 2009

Unsteady flamelet modeling of turbulent hydrogen-air diffusion flames
journal, January 1998

A dynamic subgrid‐scale eddy viscosity model
journal, July 1991

Cfd Prediction of pool fire Burning Rates and Flame Feedback
journal, August 2004

A Framework for Characterizing Structural Uncertainty in Large-Eddy Simulation Closures
journal, August 2017

Vortical structures in pool fires: Observation, speculation, and simulation
report, November 1996

A Study of Coupled Turbulent Mixing, Soot Chemistry, and Radiation Effects Using the Linear Eddy Model
journal, May 1998

Experimental investigation of the turbulence structure of medium-scale methanol pool fires
journal, May 1996

A Skewed, Positive Influence Coefficient Upwinding Procedure for Control-Volume-Based Finite-Element Convection-Diffusion Computation
journal, January 1986

Unsteady flamelet modeling of differential diffusion in turbulent jet diffusion flames
journal, November 2000

Finite element formulation of the discrete-ordinates method for multidimensional geometries
journal, July 1994

Soot formation in shock-tube pyrolysis of acetylene, allene, and 1,3-butadiene☆
journal, December 1983

Experimental and numerical simulation of a buoyant fire
journal, July 1985

Experimental study of the effect of fuel mass flux on a 1-m-diameter methane fire and comparison with a hydrogen fire
journal, October 2004

A simplified reaction mechanism for soot formation in nonpremixed flames
journal, December 1991

Verification for Multi-Mechanics Applications
conference, June 2007

The TN Quadrature Set for the Discrete Ordinates Method
journal, November 1995

Spatial approximation of the radiation transport equation using a subgrid-scale finite element method
journal, January 2011

Soot Property Measurements in a Two-Meter Diameter jp-8 pool fire
journal, April 2006

Towards Extreme-Scale Simulations for Low Mach Fluids with Second-Generation Trilinos
journal, December 2014

Numerical simulation of small pool fires incorporating liquid fuel motion
journal, March 2020

Application of a subgrid soot-radiation model in the numerical simulation of a heptane pool fire
journal, January 2015

Development of an unstructured radiation model applicable for two-dimensional planar, axisymmetric, and three-dimensional geometries
journal, July 2000

Spatial and angular finite element method for radiative transfer in participating media
journal, May 2015

Estimating large pool fire burning rates
journal, November 1983

Advances in modelling in CFD simulations of turbulent gaseous pool fires
journal, July 2017

Thermal Measurements from a Series of Tests with a Large Cylindrical Calorimeter on the Leeward Edge of a JP-8 Pool Fire in Cross-Flow
report, July 2001

Heat transfer to large objects in large pool fires
journal, December 1988

Validation predictions of a 13 m/s cross-wind fire for Fuego and the University of Waterloo dataset.
report, March 2008

Application of Spatial and Angular Domain Based Parallelism to a Discrete Ordinates Formulation with Unstructured Spatial Discretization
conference, January 1997

Soot formation in shock-tube pyrolysis of toluene-n-heptane and toluene-iso-octane mixtures
journal, February 1995

Interaction between Crosswind and Aviation-Fuel Fire Engulfing a Full-Scale Composite-Type Aircraft: A Numerical Study
journal, May 2015

Simulations of a turbulent line fire with a steady flamelet combustion model coupled with models for non-local and local gas radiation effects
journal, June 2019

Coupling radiative heat transfer in participating media with other heat transfer modes
journal, September 2015

Streamline Upwind Scheme for Control-Volume Finite Elements, part i. Formulations
journal, July 1992

Comparison of discrete ordinates formulations for radiative heat transfer in multidimensional geometries
journal, January 1995

RADCAL: A Narrow-Band Model for Radiation Calculations in a Combustion Environment
journal, April 1993

Comparison of Galerkin and control volume finite element for advection-diffusion problems
journal, January 2005

A hybrid scalar model for sooting turbulent flames
journal, April 2006

Large eddy simulation of fire plumes
journal, January 2011

Prediction of a Small-Scale Pool Fire with FireFoam
journal, January 2017

Large eddy simulation of the unstable flame structure and gas-to-liquid thermal feedback in a medium-scale methanol pool fire
journal, March 2021

Advances in the discrete ordinates and finite volume methods for the solution of radiative heat transfer problems in participating media
journal, September 2014

Experiments on the periodic instability of buoyant plumes and pool fires
journal, April 1993

The Effects of Wind on Fire Environments Containing Large Cylinders
journal, December 2008

Infrared Mean Absorption Coefficients of Luminous Flames and Smoke
journal, May 1978

Large-Scale Open Pool Experimental Data and Analysis for Fire Model Validation and Development
journal, January 2008

A model for soot radiation in buoyant diffusion flames
journal, January 2011

Extension of the eddy dissipation concept and smoke point soot model to the LES frame for fire simulations
journal, February 2014

Comparison of three spatial differencing schemes in discrete ordinates method using three-dimensional unstructured meshes
journal, September 2005

Finite volume method for radiation heat transfer
journal, July 1994

Validation of a simple turbulence model suitable for closure of temporally-filtered Navier-Stokes equations using a helium plume.
report, June 2005

Coupling of Large Fire Phenomenon with Object Geometry and Object Thermal Response
journal, November 1997

A global soot model developed for fires: Validation in laminar flames and application in turbulent pool fires
journal, October 2011

Radiative heat transfer in three-dimensional enclosures of complex geometry by using the discrete-ordinates method
journal, January 1998

Formulation of a Surrogate for the Simulation of jet fuel pool Fires
journal, April 2005

O N THE F LUID M ECHANICS OF F IRES
journal, January 2001

Large Eddy Simulation of medium-scale methanol pool fires - effects of pool boundary conditions
journal, December 2020

A Multi-physics Computational Investigation of Droplet Pathogen Transport Eminating from Synthetic Coughs and Breathing
journal, January 2021

Scalar profiles and NO formation in laminar opposed-flow partially premixed methane/air flames
journal, November 2001

Modeling of radiation and nitric oxide formation in turbulent nonpremixed flames using a flamelet/progress variable formulation
journal, May 2008

Reaction rates, air entrainment and radiation in turbulent fire plumes
journal, January 1977

A Spatially Developing One-Dimensional Turbulence (ODT) Study of Soot and Enthalpy Evolution in Meter-Scale Buoyant Turbulent Flames
journal, January 2010