Josephson detection of time-reversal symmetry broken superconductivity in SnTe nanowires

Trimble, C. J.; Wei, M. T.; Yuan, N. F. Q.; Kalantre, S. S.; Liu, P.; Han, H.-J.; Han, Myung-Geun; Zhu, Y.; Cha, J. J.; Fu, L.; Williams, J. R.

doi:10.1038/s41535-021-00359-w

Title: Josephson detection of time-reversal symmetry broken superconductivity in SnTe nanowires

Abstract

A Josephson junction (JJ) couples the supercurrent flowing between two weakly linked superconductors to the phase difference between them via a current-phase relation (CPR). While a sinusoidal CPR is expected for conventional junctions with insulating weak links, devices made from some exotic materials may give rise to unconventional CPRs and unusual Josephson effects. In this work, we present such a case: we investigate the proximity-induced superconductivity in SnTe nanowires by incorporating them as weak links in JJs and observe a deviation from the standard CPR. We report on indications of an unexpected breaking of time-reversal symmetry in these devices, detailing the unconventional characteristics that reveal this behavior. These include an asymmetric critical current in the DC Josephson effect, a prominent second harmonic in the AC Josephson effect, and a magnetic diffraction pattern with a minimum in critical current at zero magnetic field. The analysis examines how multiband effects and the experimentally visualized ferroelectric domain walls give rise to this behavior, giving insight into the Josephson effect in materials that possess ferroelectricity and/or multiband superconductivity.

Authors:

Trimble, C. J. ^[1];

^[1]; Yuan, N. F. Q. ^[2];

^[1]; Liu, P. ^[3];

^[3];

^[4]; Zhu, Y. ^[4]; Cha, J. J. ^[5]; Fu, L. ^[2];

^[1]

Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept.
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON (Canada)

Publication Date:: Fri Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; National Science Foundation (NSF); US Army Research Office (ARO)

OSTI Identifier:: 1809059

Report Number(s):: BNL-221831-2021-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2397-4648; TRN: US2212947

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0014476; 1743896; DMR-1743913; PHY-1430094; W911NF-18-2-0075

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: npj Quantum Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2397-4648

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; superconducting devices; superconducting properties and materials; topological insulators

Citation Formats


                    Trimble, C. J., Wei, M. T., Yuan, N. F. Q., Kalantre, S. S., Liu, P., Han, H.-J., Han, Myung-Geun, Zhu, Y., Cha, J. J., Fu, L., and Williams, J. R. Josephson detection of time-reversal symmetry broken superconductivity in SnTe nanowires.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41535-021-00359-w.

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                    Trimble, C. J., Wei, M. T., Yuan, N. F. Q., Kalantre, S. S., Liu, P., Han, H.-J., Han, Myung-Geun, Zhu, Y., Cha, J. J., Fu, L., & Williams, J. R. Josephson detection of time-reversal symmetry broken superconductivity in SnTe nanowires.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-021-00359-w

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                    Trimble, C. J., Wei, M. T., Yuan, N. F. Q., Kalantre, S. S., Liu, P., Han, H.-J., Han, Myung-Geun, Zhu, Y., Cha, J. J., Fu, L., and Williams, J. R. Fri .  
"Josephson detection of time-reversal symmetry broken superconductivity in SnTe nanowires".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-021-00359-w.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1809059.

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@article{osti_1809059,

  title        = {Josephson detection of time-reversal symmetry broken superconductivity in SnTe nanowires},

  author       = {Trimble, C. J. and Wei, M. T. and Yuan, N. F. Q. and Kalantre, S. S. and Liu, P. and Han, H.-J. and Han, Myung-Geun and Zhu, Y. and Cha, J. J. and Fu, L. and Williams, J. R.},

  abstractNote = {A Josephson junction (JJ) couples the supercurrent flowing between two weakly linked superconductors to the phase difference between them via a current-phase relation (CPR). While a sinusoidal CPR is expected for conventional junctions with insulating weak links, devices made from some exotic materials may give rise to unconventional CPRs and unusual Josephson effects. In this work, we present such a case: we investigate the proximity-induced superconductivity in SnTe nanowires by incorporating them as weak links in JJs and observe a deviation from the standard CPR. We report on indications of an unexpected breaking of time-reversal symmetry in these devices, detailing the unconventional characteristics that reveal this behavior. These include an asymmetric critical current in the DC Josephson effect, a prominent second harmonic in the AC Josephson effect, and a magnetic diffraction pattern with a minimum in critical current at zero magnetic field. The analysis examines how multiband effects and the experimentally visualized ferroelectric domain walls give rise to this behavior, giving insight into the Josephson effect in materials that possess ferroelectricity and/or multiband superconductivity.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41535-021-00359-w},

  journal      = {npj Quantum Materials},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 6,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Fri Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

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Title: Josephson detection of time-reversal symmetry broken superconductivity in SnTe nanowires

Abstract

Citation Formats

Anomalous proximity effects at the interface of s - and s ± - superconductors journal, November 2012

Theory of Josephson effects in anisotropic superconductors journal, July 1997

Spin-orbit-induced chirality of Andreev states in Josephson junctions journal, December 2012

Josephson interferometry and Shapiro step measurements of superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor 0 − π junctions journal, July 2006

Anomalous Transport through the p -Wave Superconducting Channel in the 3-K Phase of Sr 2 RuO 4 journal, December 2008

Proximity and Josephson effects in microstructures based on multiband superconductors (Review Article) journal, September 2017

Broken time-reversal symmetry in Josephson junction involving two-band superconductors journal, July 2009

Anomalous switching in Nb/Ru/Sr2RuO4 topological junctions by chiral domain wall motion journal, August 2013

Half-Integer Shapiro Steps at the 0 − π Crossover of a Ferromagnetic Josephson Junction journal, June 2004

Degenerate Ground State in a Mesoscopic YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − x Grain Boundary Josephson Junction journal, June 2001

Integer and half-integer flux-quantum transitions in a niobium–iron pnictide loop journal, February 2010

Dynamical Superconducting Order Parameter Domains in Sr2RuO4 journal, November 2006

Shapiro steps in Josephson junctions with alternating critical current density journal, August 2007

Multicomponent superconductivity based on multiband superconductors journal, January 2015

Measurement of the intrinsic higher harmonic current-phase relation in NbN/NiCu/NbN Josephson junctions journal, March 2019

Signatures of the topological s +− superconducting order parameter in the type-II Weyl semimetal T d-MoTe2 journal, October 2017

Influence of the domain walls on the Josephson effect in Sr 2 RuO 4 journal, April 2010

Gate controlled anomalous phase shift in Al/InAs Josephson junctions journal, January 2020

Discovery of robust in-plane ferroelectricity in atomic-thick SnTe journal, July 2016

The current-phase relation in Josephson junctions journal, April 2004

Synthesis of SnTe Nanoplates with {100} and {111} Surfaces journal, June 2014

Anomalous Josephson effect induced by spin-orbit interaction and Zeeman effect in semiconductor nanowires journal, May 2014

Standing Waves Induced by Valley-Mismatched Domains in Ferroelectric SnTe Monolayers journal, May 2019

Josephson effect between a two-band superconductor with s + + or s ± pairing symmetry and a conventional s -wave superconductor journal, July 2012

Phase diagram of Josephson junction between s and s ± superconductors in the dirty limit journal, December 2012

Ballistic superconductivity and tunable π–junctions in InSb quantum wells journal, August 2019

Josephson interferometer in a ring topology as a proof of the symmetry of Sr 2 RuO 4 journal, June 2005

Experimental formation of a fractional vortex in a superconducting bi-layer journal, May 2018

Time-reversal-invariant topological superconductivity in doped Weyl semimetals journal, July 2014

Quantum transport in ballistic s ± -wave superconductors with interband coupling: Conductance spectra, crossed Andreev reflection, and Josephson current journal, October 2009

Multicomponent order parameter superconductivity of Sr 2 RuO 4 revealed by topological junctions journal, June 2017

Carrier-Concentration-Dependent Superconductivity in SnTe and GeTe journal, January 1969

Josephson junctions with second harmonic in the current-phase relation: Properties of φ junctions journal, December 2007

Josephson effects in three-band superconductors with broken time-reversal symmetry journal, April 2014

Topological competition of superconductivity in Pb/Ru/Sr 2 RuO 4 junctions journal, August 2011

Experimental Evidence of a φ Josephson Junction journal, September 2012

Field-Tunable 0-π-Transitions in SnTe Topological Crystalline Insulator SQUIDs journal, February 2019

Physics and Applications of the Josephson Effect book, July 1982

Weak-link Josephson Junctions Made from Topological Crystalline Insulators journal, August 2018

Topological invariants for the Fermi surface of a time-reversal-invariant superconductor journal, April 2010

Revealing Surface States in In-Doped SnTe Nanoplates with Low Bulk Mobility journal, May 2015

Josephson current in s -wave-superconductor/ Sr 2 RuO 4 junctions journal, May 2003

Anomalous proximity effects at the interface of $s$ - and $s_{\pm}$ - superconductors
journal, November 2012

Theory of Josephson effects in anisotropic superconductors
journal, July 1997

Spin-orbit-induced chirality of Andreev states in Josephson junctions
journal, December 2012

Josephson interferometry and Shapiro step measurements of superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor $0 − π$ junctions
journal, July 2006

Anomalous Transport through the $p$ -Wave Superconducting Channel in the 3-K Phase of ${Sr}_{2} {RuO}_{4}$
journal, December 2008

Proximity and Josephson effects in microstructures based on multiband superconductors (Review Article)
journal, September 2017

Broken time-reversal symmetry in Josephson junction involving two-band superconductors
journal, July 2009

Anomalous switching in Nb/Ru/Sr2RuO4 topological junctions by chiral domain wall motion
journal, August 2013

Half-Integer Shapiro Steps at the $0 − π$ Crossover of a Ferromagnetic Josephson Junction
journal, June 2004

Degenerate Ground State in a Mesoscopic ${{YBa}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O}_{7 - x}$ Grain Boundary Josephson Junction
journal, June 2001

Integer and half-integer flux-quantum transitions in a niobium–iron pnictide loop
journal, February 2010

Dynamical Superconducting Order Parameter Domains in Sr2RuO4
journal, November 2006

Shapiro steps in Josephson junctions with alternating critical current density
journal, August 2007

Multicomponent superconductivity based on multiband superconductors
journal, January 2015

Measurement of the intrinsic higher harmonic current-phase relation in NbN/NiCu/NbN Josephson junctions
journal, March 2019

Signatures of the topological s +− superconducting order parameter in the type-II Weyl semimetal T d-MoTe2
journal, October 2017

Influence of the domain walls on the Josephson effect in Sr ₂ RuO ₄
journal, April 2010

Gate controlled anomalous phase shift in Al/InAs Josephson junctions
journal, January 2020

Discovery of robust in-plane ferroelectricity in atomic-thick SnTe
journal, July 2016

The current-phase relation in Josephson junctions
journal, April 2004

Synthesis of SnTe Nanoplates with {100} and {111} Surfaces
journal, June 2014

Anomalous Josephson effect induced by spin-orbit interaction and Zeeman effect in semiconductor nanowires
journal, May 2014

Standing Waves Induced by Valley-Mismatched Domains in Ferroelectric SnTe Monolayers
journal, May 2019

Josephson effect between a two-band superconductor with $s + +$ or $s \pm$ pairing symmetry and a conventional $s$ -wave superconductor
journal, July 2012

Phase diagram of Josephson junction between $s$ and $s_{\pm}$ superconductors in the dirty limit
journal, December 2012

Ballistic superconductivity and tunable π–junctions in InSb quantum wells
journal, August 2019

Josephson interferometer in a ring topology as a proof of the symmetry of ${Sr}_{2} {RuO}_{4}$
journal, June 2005

Experimental formation of a fractional vortex in a superconducting bi-layer
journal, May 2018

Time-reversal-invariant topological superconductivity in doped Weyl semimetals
journal, July 2014

Quantum transport in ballistic $s_{\pm}$ -wave superconductors with interband coupling: Conductance spectra, crossed Andreev reflection, and Josephson current
journal, October 2009

Multicomponent order parameter superconductivity of ${Sr}_{2} {RuO}_{4}$ revealed by topological junctions
journal, June 2017

Carrier-Concentration-Dependent Superconductivity in SnTe and GeTe
journal, January 1969

Josephson junctions with second harmonic in the current-phase relation: Properties of $φ$ junctions
journal, December 2007

Josephson effects in three-band superconductors with broken time-reversal symmetry
journal, April 2014

Topological competition of superconductivity in Pb/Ru/Sr $_{2}$ RuO $_{4}$ junctions
journal, August 2011

Experimental Evidence of a $φ$ Josephson Junction
journal, September 2012

Field-Tunable 0-π-Transitions in SnTe Topological Crystalline Insulator SQUIDs
journal, February 2019

Physics and Applications of the Josephson Effect
book, July 1982

Weak-link Josephson Junctions Made from Topological Crystalline Insulators
journal, August 2018

Topological invariants for the Fermi surface of a time-reversal-invariant superconductor
journal, April 2010

Revealing Surface States in In-Doped SnTe Nanoplates with Low Bulk Mobility
journal, May 2015

Josephson current in s -wave-superconductor/ ${Sr}_{2} {RuO}_{4}$ junctions
journal, May 2003