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Title: Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng) cell suspension culture as a source of bioactive polysaccharides: Immunostimulatory activity and characterization of a neutral polysaccharide AGC1

Abstract

In this study, we propose the use of a plant tissue culture-based system for the production of polysaccharides with consistent chemical characteristics and reduced endotoxin content. Polysaccharides were isolated from suspension cultures of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), a widely used medicinal herb. A neutral fraction, AGC1, purified by anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography, displayed immunostimulatory activity in vitro and ex vivo. AGC1 (average molecular weight: 5.2 kDa) was predominantly composed of galactose (>60%) along with the presence of several other neutral sugars such as arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose in minor amounts. The major glycosidic linkages were found to be 3-Galp (48.5%), 3,6-Galp (10.2%), t-Galp (5.2%), 6-Galp (4.4%), 4-Glcp (5.7%), 4-Arap/5-Araf (4.0%) and t-Araf (4.5%). AGC1 significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated the expression of a range of proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages such as IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and GM-CSF. Additionally, AGC1 treatment of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated NOS2 gene expression, leading to increased levels of iNOS and downstream NO. Consistent with this, AGC1 was able to act as an immunostimulant in primary murine splenocytes, enhancing cell proliferation, as well as NO and TNF-α production. Our results also indicate the partial role of NF-κB pathway in themore » immunostimulatory response.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
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  1. Middle Tennessee State Univ., Murfreesboro, TN (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States); Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States). Complex Carbohydrate Research Center
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1802746
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1703347; OSTI ID: 1964082
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0015662
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 139; Journal ID: ISSN 0141-8130
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; immunomodulation; suspension culture polysaccharides; NOS2 reporter; immunomodulation, suspension culture polysaccharides, NOS2 reporter

Citation Formats

Ghosh, Rajarshi, Smith, Shannon A., Nwangwa, Evidence E., Arivett, Brock A., Bryant, Daniel L., Fuller, Matthew L., Hayes, Devyn, Bowling, J. Logan, Nelson, David E., DuBois, John D., Altman, Elliot, Kline, Paul C., and Farone, Anthony L. Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng) cell suspension culture as a source of bioactive polysaccharides: Immunostimulatory activity and characterization of a neutral polysaccharide AGC1. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.215.
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Ghosh, Rajarshi, Smith, Shannon A., Nwangwa, Evidence E., Arivett, Brock A., Bryant, Daniel L., Fuller, Matthew L., Hayes, Devyn, Bowling, J. Logan, Nelson, David E., DuBois, John D., Altman, Elliot, Kline, Paul C., & Farone, Anthony L. Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng) cell suspension culture as a source of bioactive polysaccharides: Immunostimulatory activity and characterization of a neutral polysaccharide AGC1. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.215
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Ghosh, Rajarshi, Smith, Shannon A., Nwangwa, Evidence E., Arivett, Brock A., Bryant, Daniel L., Fuller, Matthew L., Hayes, Devyn, Bowling, J. Logan, Nelson, David E., DuBois, John D., Altman, Elliot, Kline, Paul C., and Farone, Anthony L. Wed . "Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng) cell suspension culture as a source of bioactive polysaccharides: Immunostimulatory activity and characterization of a neutral polysaccharide AGC1". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.215. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1802746.
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@article{osti_1802746,
title = {Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng) cell suspension culture as a source of bioactive polysaccharides: Immunostimulatory activity and characterization of a neutral polysaccharide AGC1},
author = {Ghosh, Rajarshi and Smith, Shannon A. and Nwangwa, Evidence E. and Arivett, Brock A. and Bryant, Daniel L. and Fuller, Matthew L. and Hayes, Devyn and Bowling, J. Logan and Nelson, David E. and DuBois, John D. and Altman, Elliot and Kline, Paul C. and Farone, Anthony L.},
abstractNote = {In this study, we propose the use of a plant tissue culture-based system for the production of polysaccharides with consistent chemical characteristics and reduced endotoxin content. Polysaccharides were isolated from suspension cultures of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), a widely used medicinal herb. A neutral fraction, AGC1, purified by anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography, displayed immunostimulatory activity in vitro and ex vivo. AGC1 (average molecular weight: 5.2 kDa) was predominantly composed of galactose (>60%) along with the presence of several other neutral sugars such as arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose in minor amounts. The major glycosidic linkages were found to be 3-Galp (48.5%), 3,6-Galp (10.2%), t-Galp (5.2%), 6-Galp (4.4%), 4-Glcp (5.7%), 4-Arap/5-Araf (4.0%) and t-Araf (4.5%). AGC1 significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated the expression of a range of proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages such as IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and GM-CSF. Additionally, AGC1 treatment of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated NOS2 gene expression, leading to increased levels of iNOS and downstream NO. Consistent with this, AGC1 was able to act as an immunostimulant in primary murine splenocytes, enhancing cell proliferation, as well as NO and TNF-α production. Our results also indicate the partial role of NF-κB pathway in the immunostimulatory response.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.215},
journal = {International Journal of Biological Macromolecules},
number = ,
volume = 139,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jul 31 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed Jul 31 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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