Occupant-Centric key performance indicators to inform building design and operations
Abstract
Building performance indicators are widely used to guide building design and track and benchmark operational performance. Traditional building performance indicators mostly focus on the energy efficiency perspective. As occupants are the primary building service recipients in residential and most commercial buildings, their comfort and wellbeing are crucial. As such, this study first identified significant attributes of occupant-centric key performance indicators (KPIs) and analyzed the diverse factors that should be considered in formulating an occupant-centric KPI. Then a suite of occupant-centric KPIs were synthesized from the review and enhancement of existing occupant-related performance metrics. The proposed occupant KPIs represent the occupant lens on three integrative aspects of building performance: resource use (including energy and water), indoor environmental quality, and human–building interactions. A simulation-based case study was conducted to demonstrate how occupant-centric KPIs can be used to quantify the impacts of building operation changes from the occupants’ point of view. Highlights: Occupant-centric metrics are currently ad hoc and limited, yet crucial to inform building design and operations. Literature was reviewed to reveal the state-of-the-art and gaps of occupant-centric metrics. A suite of occupant-centric key performance indicators (KPIs) covering five groups of building services were synthesized. Proposed occupant KPIs represent three aspects ofmore »
- Authors:
-
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Building Technologies Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1784291
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Building Performance Simulation
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 14; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1940-1493
- Publisher:
- Taylor & Francis
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; building performance; occupant; KPIs; human building interaction; occupant behaviour; indoor environmental quality
Citation Formats
Li, Han, Wang, Zhe, and Hong, Tianzhen. Occupant-Centric key performance indicators to inform building design and operations. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1080/19401493.2021.1876771.
Li, Han, Wang, Zhe, & Hong, Tianzhen. Occupant-Centric key performance indicators to inform building design and operations. United States. https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2021.1876771
Li, Han, Wang, Zhe, and Hong, Tianzhen. Sun .
"Occupant-Centric key performance indicators to inform building design and operations". United States. https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2021.1876771. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1784291.
@article{osti_1784291,
title = {Occupant-Centric key performance indicators to inform building design and operations},
author = {Li, Han and Wang, Zhe and Hong, Tianzhen},
abstractNote = {Building performance indicators are widely used to guide building design and track and benchmark operational performance. Traditional building performance indicators mostly focus on the energy efficiency perspective. As occupants are the primary building service recipients in residential and most commercial buildings, their comfort and wellbeing are crucial. As such, this study first identified significant attributes of occupant-centric key performance indicators (KPIs) and analyzed the diverse factors that should be considered in formulating an occupant-centric KPI. Then a suite of occupant-centric KPIs were synthesized from the review and enhancement of existing occupant-related performance metrics. The proposed occupant KPIs represent the occupant lens on three integrative aspects of building performance: resource use (including energy and water), indoor environmental quality, and human–building interactions. A simulation-based case study was conducted to demonstrate how occupant-centric KPIs can be used to quantify the impacts of building operation changes from the occupants’ point of view. Highlights: Occupant-centric metrics are currently ad hoc and limited, yet crucial to inform building design and operations. Literature was reviewed to reveal the state-of-the-art and gaps of occupant-centric metrics. A suite of occupant-centric key performance indicators (KPIs) covering five groups of building services were synthesized. Proposed occupant KPIs represent three aspects of performance: resource use and demand, occupant comfort and health, and human–building interactions. A case study using whole building simulation was conducted to demonstrate the use of occupant-centric KPIs in evaluating building operations during a power outage.},
doi = {10.1080/19401493.2021.1876771},
journal = {Journal of Building Performance Simulation},
number = 6,
volume = 14,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Feb 07 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Sun Feb 07 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Ten questions concerning occupant behavior in buildings: The big picture
journal, March 2017
- Hong, Tianzhen; Yan, Da; D'Oca, Simona
- Building and Environment, Vol. 114
Review on occupant-centric thermal comfort sensing, predicting, and controlling
journal, November 2020
- Xie, Jiaqing; Li, Haoyang; Li, Chuting
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 226
System-level key performance indicators for building performance evaluation
journal, February 2020
- Li, Han; Hong, Tianzhen; Lee, Sang Hoon
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 209
Demand-Controlled Ventilation in a Multi-Zone Office Building
journal, November 1994
- Emmerich, S. J.; Mitchell, J. W.; Beckman, W. A.
- Indoor Environment, Vol. 3, Issue 6
Introducing IEA EBC annex 79: Key challenges and opportunities in the field of occupant-centric building design and operation
journal, July 2020
- O'Brien, William; Wagner, Andreas; Schweiker, Marcel
- Building and Environment, Vol. 178
Comfort metrics for an integrated evaluation of buildings performance
journal, September 2016
- Atzeri, Anna Maria; Cappelletti, Francesca; Tzempelikos, Athanasios
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 127
Building operation and energy performance: Monitoring, analysis and optimisation toolkit
journal, January 2013
- Costa, Andrea; Keane, Marcus M.; Torrens, J. Ignacio
- Applied Energy, Vol. 101
The consumption of hot water in commercial buildings
journal, August 1982
- Jones, P. G.
- Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Linking human-building interactions in shared offices with personality traits
journal, March 2020
- Hong, Tianzhen; Chen, Chien-fei; Wang, Zhe
- Building and Environment, Vol. 170
Effect of thermal comfort on occupant productivity in office buildings: Response surface analysis
journal, August 2020
- Kaushik, Amit; Arif, Mohammed; Tumula, Prasad
- Building and Environment, Vol. 180
Effects of occupancy and lighting use patterns on lighting energy consumption
journal, March 2012
- Yun, Geun Young; Kim, Hyoin; Kim, Jeong Tai
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 46
Model to predict overheating risk based on an electrical capacitor analogy
journal, January 2008
- Robinson, Darren; Haldi, Frédéric
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 40, Issue 7
Improving building operation by tracking performance metrics throughout the building lifecycle (BLC)
journal, November 2004
- O’Sullivan, D. T. J.; Keane, M. M.; Kelliher, D.
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 36, Issue 11
Comfort standards and variations in exceedance for mixed-mode buildings
journal, April 2011
- Borgeson, Sam; Brager, Gail
- Building Research & Information, Vol. 39, Issue 2
Comparing energy and comfort metrics for building benchmarking
journal, December 2019
- Estrella Guillén, Esteban; Samuelson, Holly W.; Cedeño Laurent, Jose G.
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 205
A critical review of field implementations of occupant-centric building controls
journal, November 2019
- Park, June Young; Ouf, Mohamed M.; Gunay, Burak
- Building and Environment, Vol. 165
Nexus of thermal resilience and energy efficiency in buildings: A case study of a nursing home
journal, June 2020
- Sun, Kaiyu; Specian, Michael; Hong, Tianzhen
- Building and Environment, Vol. 177
Influence of energy demand response actions on thermal comfort and energy cost in electrically heated residential houses
journal, July 2016
- Alimohammadisagvand, Behrang; Alam, Sadaf; Ali, Mubbashir
- Indoor and Built Environment, Vol. 26, Issue 3
A Literature Analysis on Acoustical Environment in Green Building Design Strategies
journal, December 2013
- Jalil, Nurul Amira Abd; Din, Nazli Bin Che; Daud, Nila Inangda Manyam Keumala
- Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 471
The Indoor Environmental Index and Its Relationship with Symptoms of Office Building Occupants
journal, November 2004
- Moschandreas, Demetrios J.; Sofuoglu, Sait C.
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Vol. 54, Issue 11
WIFI fingerprinting indoor localization system based on spatio-temporal (S-T) metrics
conference, October 2014
- Zhu, Julie Yixuan; Xu, Jialing; Zheng, Anny Xijia
- 2014 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in the prediction of thermal comfort in buildings: energy implications of AI-based thermal comfort controls
journal, March 2020
- Ngarambe, Jack; Yun, Geun Young; Santamouris, Mat
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 211
Influence of Fuels, Weather and the Built Environment on the Exposure of Property to Wildfire
journal, October 2014
- Penman, Trent D.; Collins, Luke; Syphard, Alexandra D.
- PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 10
Introduction to Human-Building Interaction (HBI): Interfacing HCI with Architecture and Urban Design
journal, April 2019
- Alavi, Hamed S.; Churchill, Elizabeth F.; Wiberg, Mikael
- ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol. 26, Issue 2
A fast method to predict the demand response peak load reductions of commercial buildings
journal, February 2016
- Li, Weilin; Xu, Peng
- Science and Technology for the Built Environment, Vol. 22, Issue 6
Metrics for energy performance in operation: the fallacy of single indicators
journal, January 2020
- Bordass, Bill
- Buildings and Cities, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Prevention of heat Casualties
journal, December 1957
- Minard, David
- Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 165, Issue 14
U.S. Department of Energy Commercial Reference Building Models of the National Building Stock
report, February 2011
- Deru, M.; Field, K.; Studer, D.
Thermal Comfort and the Heat Stress Indices
journal, January 2006
- Epstein, Yoram; Moran, Daniel S.
- Industrial Health, Vol. 44, Issue 3
Assessing the Acoustic Characteristics of Rooms: A Tutorial With Examples
journal, January 2018
- Rakerd, Brad; Hunter, Eric J.; Berardi, Mark
- Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, Vol. 3, Issue 19
IEA EBC Annex 66: Definition and simulation of occupant behavior in buildings
journal, December 2017
- Yan, Da; Hong, Tianzhen; Dong, Bing
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 156
Occupant satisfaction in mixed-mode buildings
journal, August 2009
- Brager, Gail; Baker, Lindsay
- Building Research & Information, Vol. 37, Issue 4
Ten questions concerning thermal and indoor air quality effects on the performance of office work and schoolwork
journal, February 2017
- Wargocki, Pawel; Wyon, David P.
- Building and Environment, Vol. 112
Development of indoor environmental index: Air quality index and thermal comfort index
conference, January 2017
- Saad, S. M.; Shakaff, A. Y. M.; Saad, A. R. M.
- 11TH ASIAN CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL SENSORS: (ACCS2015), AIP Conference Proceedings
The human dimensions of energy use in buildings: A review
journal, January 2018
- D’Oca, Simona; Hong, Tianzhen; Langevin, Jared
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 81
Tracking Human Mobility Using WiFi Signals
journal, July 2015
- Sapiezynski, Piotr; Stopczynski, Arkadiusz; Gatej, Radu
- PLOS ONE, Vol. 10, Issue 7
Advances in research and applications of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings
journal, March 2016
- Hong, Tianzhen; Taylor-Lange, Sarah C.; D’Oca, Simona
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 116
A study of building envelope and thermal mass requirements for achieving thermal autonomy in an office building
journal, August 2014
- Wang, Lin-Shu; Ma, Peizheng; Hu, Enyuan
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 78
A simulation-based method to investigate occupant-centric controls
journal, October 2020
- Ouf, Mohamed M.; Park, June Young; Gunay, H. Burak
- Building Simulation, Vol. 14, Issue 4
Improvement of Zwicker’s psychoacoustic annoyance model aiming at tonal noises
journal, April 2016
- Di, Guo-Qing; Chen, Xing-Wang; Song, Kai
- Applied Acoustics, Vol. 105
Building automation systems: Concepts and technology review
journal, March 2016
- Domingues, Pedro; Carreira, Paulo; Vieira, Renato
- Computer Standards & Interfaces, Vol. 45
Defining indoor heat thresholds for health in the UK
journal, July 2012
- Anderson, Mindy; Carmichael, Catriona; Murray, Virginia
- Perspectives in Public Health, Vol. 133, Issue 3
Risk of Sick Leave Associated with Outdoor Air Supply Rate, Humidification, and Occupant Complaints
journal, December 2000
- Milton, Donald K.; Glencross, P. Mark; Walters, Michael D.
- Indoor Air, Vol. 10, Issue 4
Whole building energy model for HVAC optimal control: A practical framework based on deep reinforcement learning
journal, September 2019
- Zhang, Zhiang; Chong, Adrian; Pan, Yuqi
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 199
Ten questions concerning well-being in the built environment
journal, August 2020
- Altomonte, Sergio; Allen, Joseph; Bluyssen, Philomena M.
- Building and Environment, Vol. 180
IEQ-Compass – A tool for holistic evaluation of potential indoor environmental quality
journal, April 2020
- Larsen, Tine Steen; Rohde, Lasse; Jønsson, Kim Trangbæk
- Building and Environment, Vol. 172
On occupant-centric building performance metrics
journal, September 2017
- O'Brien, William; Gaetani, Isabella; Carlucci, Salvatore
- Building and Environment, Vol. 122
Necessary Conditions for Multi-Domain Indoor Environmental Quality Standards
journal, October 2020
- Mahdavi, Ardeshir; Berger, Christiane; Bochukova, Veselina
- Sustainability, Vol. 12, Issue 20
An international review of occupant-related aspects of building energy codes and standards
journal, July 2020
- O'Brien, William; Tahmasebi, Farhang; Andersen, Rune Korsholm
- Building and Environment, Vol. 179
The Effects of Continuous Hot Weather Training on Risk of Exertional Heat Illness
journal, January 2005
- Wallace, Robert F.; Kriebel, David; Punnett, Laura
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 37, Issue 1
Occupant centered lighting control: A user study on balancing comfort, acceptance, and energy consumption
journal, August 2016
- Nagy, Zoltán; Yong, Fah Yik; Schlueter, Arno
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 126
Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design
journal, July 2006
- Reinhart, Christoph F.; Mardaljevic, John; Rogers, Zack
- LEUKOS, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Multiple criteria assessment of methods for forecasting building thermal energy demand
journal, October 2020
- D'Amico, A.; Ciulla, G.; Tupenaite, L.
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 224
EnergyPlus: creating a new-generation building energy simulation program
journal, April 2001
- Crawley, Drury B.; Lawrie, Linda K.; Winkelmann, Frederick C.
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 33, Issue 4
Indoor air quality requirements in green building certifications
journal, October 2015
- Wei, Wenjuan; Ramalho, Olivier; Mandin, Corinne
- Building and Environment, Vol. 92
Criteria for energy efficient lighting in buildings
journal, March 2010
- Ryckaert, Wouter R.; Lootens, Catherine; Geldof, Jonas
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 42, Issue 3
CBE Thermal Comfort Tool: Online tool for thermal comfort calculations and visualizations
journal, July 2020
- Tartarini, Federico; Schiavon, Stefano; Cheung, Toby
- SoftwareX, Vol. 12
IEEE 802.11p: Towards an International Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments
conference, May 2008
- Jiang, Daniel; Delgrossi, Luca
- 2008 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2008-Spring), VTC Spring 2008 - IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference
A review of indices for the long-term evaluation of the general thermal comfort conditions in buildings
journal, October 2012
- Carlucci, Salvatore; Pagliano, Lorenzo
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 53
Quantifying the human–building interaction: Considering the active, adaptive occupant in building performance simulation
journal, April 2016
- Langevin, Jared; Wen, Jin; Gurian, Patrick L.
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 117
Revisiting individual and group differences in thermal comfort based on ASHRAE database
journal, July 2020
- Wang, Zhe; Zhang, Hui; He, Yingdong
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 219
Benchmark Performance Metrics for Integrated Project Delivery
journal, September 2016
- Hanna, Awad S.
- Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 142, Issue 9
The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants
journal, July 2001
- Klepeis, Neil E.; Nelson, William C.; Ott, Wayne R.
- Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, Vol. 11, Issue 3
Generation and representation of synthetic smart meter data
journal, June 2020
- Hong, Tianzhen; Macumber, Daniel; Li, Han
- Building Simulation, Vol. 13, Issue 6
IEA EBC annex 53: Total energy use in buildings—Analysis and evaluation methods
journal, October 2017
- Yoshino, Hiroshi; Hong, Tianzhen; Nord, Natasa
- Energy and Buildings, Vol. 152