Characterizing the solid hydrolysis product, UF4(H2O)2.5, generated from neat water reactions with UF4 at room temperature

Christian, Jonathan H.; Klug, Christopher A.; DeVore, Michael; Villa-Aleman, Eliel; Foley, Bryan J.; Groden, Nicholas; Baldwin, A. Taylor; Wellons, Matthew S.

doi:10.1039/d0dt03944f

Title: Characterizing the solid hydrolysis product, UF₄(H₂O)_2.5, generated from neat water reactions with UF₄ at room temperature

Abstract

Uranium tetrafluoride (UF₄) is an important intermediate in the production of UF₆ and uranium metal. Room temperature hydrolysis of UF₄ was investigated using a combination of Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹⁹F NMR), Raman and infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and microscopy measurements. UF₄(H₂O)_2.5 was identified as the primary solid hydrolysis product when anhydrous UF₄ was stirred in deionized water. Static NMR and ¹⁹F magic angle spinning NMR measurements revealed that a small amount of uranyl fluoride can also form when anhydrous UF₄ is left in water, although this species comprises less than 5% of the total sample with the remaining parts being UF₄(H₂O)_2.5. Since UF₄ is generally considered to be stable under ambient conditions, these findings mark the first time that a room temperature reaction between UF₄ and water has been detected and analyzed without interference from additional chemical reagents. The Raman characterization of UF₄(H₂O)_2.5 presented herein is the first on record. Since UF₄ is one of the most used intermediates during chemical conversion of uranium ore to uranium metal for nuclear fuel and weapons, the results presented herein are applicable to numerous nuclear science fields where solid state detection of uranium is of value, including nuclear nonproliferation, nuclearmore »« less

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[1]

Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL)
Naval Research Lab. (NRL), Washington, DC (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:: Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), Aiken, SC (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM)

OSTI Identifier:: 1768188

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1766826

Report Number(s):: SRNL-STI-2020-00519
Journal ID: ISSN 1477-9226; TRN: US2206528

Grant/Contract Number:: AC09-08SR22470

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Dalton Transactions

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 50; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1477-9226

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats


                    Christian, Jonathan H., Klug, Christopher A., DeVore, Michael, Villa-Aleman, Eliel, Foley, Bryan J., Groden, Nicholas, Baldwin, A. Taylor, and Wellons, Matthew S. Characterizing the solid hydrolysis product, UF4(H2O)2.5, generated from neat water reactions with UF4 at room temperature.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1039/d0dt03944f.

Copy to clipboard


                    Christian, Jonathan H., Klug, Christopher A., DeVore, Michael, Villa-Aleman, Eliel, Foley, Bryan J., Groden, Nicholas, Baldwin, A. Taylor, & Wellons, Matthew S. Characterizing the solid hydrolysis product, UF4(H2O)2.5, generated from neat water reactions with UF4 at room temperature.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03944f

Copy to clipboard


                    Christian, Jonathan H., Klug, Christopher A., DeVore, Michael, Villa-Aleman, Eliel, Foley, Bryan J., Groden, Nicholas, Baldwin, A. Taylor, and Wellons, Matthew S. Thu .  
"Characterizing the solid hydrolysis product, UF4(H2O)2.5, generated from neat water reactions with UF4 at room temperature".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03944f.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1768188.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1768188,

  title        = {Characterizing the solid hydrolysis product, UF4(H2O)2.5, generated from neat water reactions with UF4 at room temperature},

  author       = {Christian, Jonathan H. and Klug, Christopher A. and DeVore, Michael and Villa-Aleman, Eliel and Foley, Bryan J. and Groden, Nicholas and Baldwin, A. Taylor and Wellons, Matthew S.},

  abstractNote = {Uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) is an important intermediate in the production of UF6 and uranium metal. Room temperature hydrolysis of UF4 was investigated using a combination of Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F NMR), Raman and infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and microscopy measurements. UF4(H2O)2.5 was identified as the primary solid hydrolysis product when anhydrous UF4 was stirred in deionized water. Static NMR and 19F magic angle spinning NMR measurements revealed that a small amount of uranyl fluoride can also form when anhydrous UF4 is left in water, although this species comprises less than 5% of the total sample with the remaining parts being UF4(H2O)2.5. Since UF4 is generally considered to be stable under ambient conditions, these findings mark the first time that a room temperature reaction between UF4 and water has been detected and analyzed without interference from additional chemical reagents. The Raman characterization of UF4(H2O)2.5 presented herein is the first on record. Since UF4 is one of the most used intermediates during chemical conversion of uranium ore to uranium metal for nuclear fuel and weapons, the results presented herein are applicable to numerous nuclear science fields where solid state detection of uranium is of value, including nuclear nonproliferation, nuclear forensics, and environmental remediation.},

  doi          = {10.1039/d0dt03944f},

  journal      = {Dalton Transactions},

  number       = 7,

  volume       = 50,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2021},

  month        = {Thu Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2021}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03944f

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

In-situ FT-IR Study of Hydrolyzation Reaction at Ambient Temperature and Thermal Transformation Behaviors of UF₄/KBr in Air
journal, January 2015

Zhong, Jing-Rong.; Shao, Lang.; Yu, Chun-Rong.
Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, Vol. 31, Issue 12
DOI: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201510232

Nuclear quadrupole interactions in compounds studied by time differential perturbed angular correlations/distributions
journal, October 1987

Lerf, A.; Butz, T.
Hyperfine Interactions, Vol. 36, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1007/BF02395636

Dipolar Broadening of the NMR Spectrum of19F in UF4
journal, January 1969

Gabuda, S. P.; Falaleeva, L. G.; Gagarinskii, Yu. V.
physica status solidi (b), Vol. 33, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/pssb.19690330144

The Powder Diffraction File: a quality materials characterization database
journal, November 2019

Gates-Rector, Stacy; Blanton, Thomas
Powder Diffraction, Vol. 34, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1017/S0885715619000812

Low temperature structural phase transition in hafnium and zirconium tetrafluoride trihydrates
journal, April 2016

Dey, S. K.; Dey, C. C.; Saha, S.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 91
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2015.11.018

Uranium processing: A review of current methods and technology
journal, September 2000

Edwards, C. R.; Oliver, A. J.
JOM, Vol. 52, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-000-0181-2

Effect of F− complexing agents on PuF4 dissolution
journal, November 1969

Navratil, James D.
Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 31, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(69)80361-1

The Excer Process. Preparing Uranium Tetrafluoride by Ion Exchange and Electrolysis
journal, March 1958

Higgins, I. R.; Roberts, J. T.; Hancher, C. W.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 50, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1021/ie50579a020

Vibrational spectra of some heavy metal teftafluorides in the solid state
journal, May 1975

Goldstein, M.; Hughes, R. J.; Unsworth, W. D.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 31, Issue 5-6
DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(75)80055-9

Vibrational properties of uranium fluorides
journal, October 2019

Miskowiec, Andrew; Shields, Ashley E.; Niedziela, J. L.
Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 570
DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2019.06.049

U ₃ F ₁₂ (H ₂ O), a Noncentrosymmetric Uranium(IV) Fluoride Prepared via a Convenient In Situ Route That Creates U ⁴⁺ under Mild Hydrothermal Conditions
journal, July 2013

Yeon, Jeongho; Smith, Mark D.; Sefat, Athena S.
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 52, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1021/ic401412t

Studies of matrix isolated uranium tetrafluoride and its interactions with frozen gases
journal, August 1977

Kunze, K. R.; Hauge, R. H.; Hamill, D.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 81, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1021/j100532a012

The hydrolysis of uranium tetrafluoride
journal, March 1962

Nikolaev, N. S.; Luk'yanychev, Yu. A.
The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy, Vol. 11, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/BF01591224

The hafnium tetrafluoride-water system
journal, June 1964

Rickard, C. E. F.; Waters, T. N.
Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 26, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(64)80252-9

Investigations of Uranyl Fluoride Sesquihydrate (UO ₂ F ₂ ·1.57H ₂ O): Combining ¹⁹ F Solid-State MAS NMR Spectroscopy and GIPAW Chemical Shift Calculations
journal, July 2018

DeVore, Michael A.; Klug, Christopher A.; Kriz, Maria R.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 122, Issue 34
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04369

Characterizing the degradation of [(UO2F2)(H2O)]7 4H2O under humid conditions
journal, February 2020

Kirkegaard, Marie C.; Ambrogio, Michael W.; Miskowiec, Andrew
Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 529
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151889

The crystal structure of UF4�2.5H2O
journal, July 1971

Borisov, S. V.; Zadneprovskii, G. M.
Soviet Atomic Energy, Vol. 31, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/BF01123402

An Improved Method for Dissolution of Uranium Tetrafluoride.
journal, July 1962

Wise, W. M.; Soehnlin, H. R.; McBride, C. H.
Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 34, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1021/ac60188a049

Nuclear Forensic Science: Analysis of Nuclear Material Out of Regulatory Control
journal, June 2016

Kristo, Michael J.; Gaffney, Amy M.; Marks, Naomi
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 44, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012309

Computationally Guided Investigation of the Optical Spectra of Pure β-UO ₃
journal, July 2020

Spano, Tyler L.; Shields, Ashley E.; Barth, Brianna S.
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 59, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01279

The hydrates of thorium tetrafluoride
journal, October 1955

D'Eye, R. W. M.; Booth, G. W.
Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 1, Issue 4-5
DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(55)80039-5

Analysis of Water Coupling in Inelastic Neutron Spectra of Uranyl Fluoride
journal, July 2019

Miskowiec, Andrew; Niedziela, J. L.; Kirkegaard, Marie C.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46675-x

NMR Evidence for Contact Hyperfine Coupling in Paramagnetic UF4
journal, January 1966

Pintar, M.
physica status solidi (b), Vol. 14, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1002/pssb.19660140204

The hydrated tetrafluorides of uranium and plutonium
journal, January 1954

Dawson, J. K.; D'Eye, R. W. M.; Truswell, A. E.
Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed)
DOI: 10.1039/jr9540003922

Automated detection of broad NMR spectra: 19F NMR of paramagnetic UF4 and 195Pt NMR of supported Pt catalysts
journal, August 2018

Klug, Christopher A.; Miller, Joel B.
Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 92
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2018.03.006

Electrodialytic Conversion of Uranyl Nitrate to Uranic Fluoride Salts
journal, December 1958

Schulz, Wallace; Neuvar, Erwin; Carroll, Jimmy
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 50, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1021/ie50588a034

Nuclear Forensic Science: Correlating Measurable Material Parameters to the History of Nuclear Material
journal, October 2012

Mayer, Klaus; Wallenius, Maria; Varga, Zsolt
Chemical Reviews, Vol. 113, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1021/cr300273f

Plutonium Transport in the Environment
journal, June 2012

Kersting, Annie B.
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 52, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1021/ic3018908

Some crystallochemical peculiarities of the cubic form of hydrated uranium tetrafluoride
journal, January 1966

Bakakin, V. V.; Gagarinskii, Yu. V.; Borisov, S. V.
Journal of Structural Chemistry, Vol. 6, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1007/BF00744821

Microscopy and spectroscopy of plutonium dioxide aging under ambient and near-ambient conditions
journal, February 2021

Said, Meena; Hixon, Amy E.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 854
DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156277

The Chemistry of Uranium Fluorides
journal, December 1961

Tananaev, I. V.; Nikolaev, N. S.; Luk'yanychev, Yu A.
Russian Chemical Reviews, Vol. 30, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1070/RC1961v030n12ABEH003013

Study of the chemical changes of μm-sized particles of uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) in environmental conditions by means of micro-Raman spectrometry
journal, September 2020

Pointurier, Fabien; Lelong, Colas; Marie, Olivier
Vibrational Spectroscopy, Vol. 110
DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2020.103145

Crystal structure of UF4 � 2.5 H2O
journal, January 1972

Zadneprovskii, G. M.; Borisov, S. V.
Journal of Structural Chemistry, Vol. 12, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1007/BF00743342

Temperature variation of the structural parameters in actinide tetrafluorides
journal, December 1994

Kern, S.; Hayward, J.; Roberts, S.
The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 101, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.467963

Characterization of uranium tetrafluoride (UF ₄ ) with Raman spectroscopy : Characterization of UF
journal, March 2016

Villa-Aleman, Eliel; Wellons, Matthew S.
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 47, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1002/jrs.4909

IR spectroscopic study of dehydration products of UF4 and PUF4 crystal hydrates in an anhydrous HF current
journal, June 1967

Khanaev, E. I.; Teterin, E. G.; Luk'yanova, L. A.
Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 6, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/BF00606176

Characterization of Uranium Particles Produced by Hydrolysis of UF ₆ Using SEM and SIMS
journal, May 2007

Kips, Ruth; Leenaers, Ann; Tamborini, Gabriele
Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 13, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927607070341

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Probing the hydrolytic degradation of UF₄ in humid air

Journal Article Foley, Bryan J. ; Christian, Jonathan H. ; Klug, Christopher A. ; ... - Dalton Transactions

This manuscript describes the chemical transformations that occur during hydrolysis of uranium tetrafluoride (UF₄) due to its storage in humid air (85% and 50% relative humidity) at ambient temperatures. This hydrolysis was previously reported to proceed slowly or not at all (depending on the percent relative humidity); however, previous reports relied primarily on X-ray diffraction methods to probe uranium speciation. Here, we employ a battery of physiochemical probing techniques to explore potential hydrolysis, including Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and focused ion beam microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Of these, only Ramanmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2dt00196a

Full Text Available
Structural Characterization of Uranium Tetrafluoride Hydrate (UF₄·2.5H₂O)

Journal Article Pastoor, Kevin J. ; Miskowiec, Andrew J. ; Niedziela, Jennifer L. ; ... - Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

Uranium tetrafluoride is an important intermediate in the nuclear fuel cycle. Facile synthesis of its hydrate, uranium tetrafluoride hydrate (UF₄·2.5H₂O), has recently been reported. The hydrate forms by contacting anhydrous UF₄ with neat H₂O at room temperature for 24 h or by exposing anhydrous UF₄ to high relative humidity (>90%) conditions for several weeks. These pathways are of clear environmental relevance. Further understanding of the structure and optical spectra of UF₄·2.5H₂O, especially of the water molecules, is therefore necessary. Herein, the structure of UF₄·2.5H₂O was probed using time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction to improve understanding of the crystalline water environments inmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c03034

Full Text Available
Inelastic Neutron Spectra of Uranium Tetrafluoride Hydrate, UF₄(H₂O)_2.5

Journal Article Miskowiec, Andrew ; Pastoor, Kevin ; Christian, Jonathan ; ... - Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

Uranium tetrafluoride hydrate (UFH) is formed by immersing anhydrous UF4 under water for 12 h. UFH is therefore clearly a chemical species of environmental concern, as anhydrous UF4 is an intermediate uranium form in the nuclear fuel cycle. We use inelastic neutron scattering (INS) to probe the full vibrational spectra of UFH and its deuterated analogue in an effort to improve the fundamental understanding of its vibrational spectra. Coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the first for this compound, and full spectral modeling, we generate the complete vibrational spectra of UFH and compare them to prior optical spectroscopic results.more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c05747

Full Text Available
Determination of intermediates and products of the uranyl aerosol formation in UF ₆ hydrolysis in the gas phase

Journal Article Salvador, Christian Mark ; Richards, Jason M. ; Mahurin, Shannon M. ; ... - Reaction Chemistry & Engineering

The reaction pathway of hydrolysis of UF₆ to form UO₂F₂ particles is an essential insight in nuclear fuel processing; however, it is still limited to theoretical calculations. Herein, we present the identification of the intermediates and products using various gas precursor concentrations and molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS). Compounds containing different uranium atom counts were identified by exposing 300 and 2323 ppm water to 200 ppm UF₆. Non-uranium compounds (e.g., (HF)₃(H₂O)H, (HF)₄H, and (H₂O)₂(HF)₃) dominate the mass spectra in terms of absolute signal intensity. These compounds were dependent on the initial concentration of UF₆ based on the linear relationship observedmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RE00665D
The rates and mechanisms of water exchange of actinide aqua ions: A variable temperature {sup 17}O NMR study of U(H{sub 2}O){sub 10}{sup 4+}, UF(H{sub 2}O){sub 9}{sup 3+}, and Th(H{sub 2}O){sub 10}{sup 4+}

Journal Article Farkas, I ; Grenthe, I ; Banyai, I - Journal of Physical Chemistry A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, amp General Theory

The rate constants and the activation parameters for the exchange between water solvent and [U(H{sub 2}O){sub 10}]{sup 4+} and [UF(H{sub 2}O){sub 9}]{sup 3+}, and a lower limit for the rate constant at room temperature for [Th(H{sub 2}O){sub 10}]{sup 4+}, were determined by {sup 17}O NMR spectroscopy in the temperature range 255--305 K. The experiments were made at different constant hydrogen ion concentrations, which varied between 0.16 and 0.8 mol kg{sup {minus}1}. The Th(IV) system was investigated using Tb{sup 3+} as a shift reagent. The following kinetic parameters at 25 C were obtained: k{sub ex} = (5.4 {+-} 0.6) 10{sup 6}more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp992934j

Similar Records

Title: Characterizing the solid hydrolysis product, UF4(H2O)2.5, generated from neat water reactions with UF4 at room temperature

Abstract

Citation Formats

In-situ FT-IR Study of Hydrolyzation Reaction at Ambient Temperature and Thermal Transformation Behaviors of UF4/KBr in Air journal, January 2015

Nuclear quadrupole interactions in compounds studied by time differential perturbed angular correlations/distributions journal, October 1987

Dipolar Broadening of the NMR Spectrum of19F in UF4 journal, January 1969

The Powder Diffraction File: a quality materials characterization database journal, November 2019

Low temperature structural phase transition in hafnium and zirconium tetrafluoride trihydrates journal, April 2016

Uranium processing: A review of current methods and technology journal, September 2000

Effect of F− complexing agents on PuF4 dissolution journal, November 1969

The Excer Process. Preparing Uranium Tetrafluoride by Ion Exchange and Electrolysis journal, March 1958

Vibrational spectra of some heavy metal teftafluorides in the solid state journal, May 1975

Vibrational properties of uranium fluorides journal, October 2019

U 3 F 12 (H 2 O), a Noncentrosymmetric Uranium(IV) Fluoride Prepared via a Convenient In Situ Route That Creates U 4+ under Mild Hydrothermal Conditions journal, July 2013

Studies of matrix isolated uranium tetrafluoride and its interactions with frozen gases journal, August 1977

The hydrolysis of uranium tetrafluoride journal, March 1962

The hafnium tetrafluoride-water system journal, June 1964

Investigations of Uranyl Fluoride Sesquihydrate (UO 2 F 2 ·1.57H 2 O): Combining 19 F Solid-State MAS NMR Spectroscopy and GIPAW Chemical Shift Calculations journal, July 2018

Characterizing the degradation of [(UO2F2)(H2O)]7 4H2O under humid conditions journal, February 2020

The crystal structure of UF4�2.5H2O journal, July 1971

An Improved Method for Dissolution of Uranium Tetrafluoride. journal, July 1962

Nuclear Forensic Science: Analysis of Nuclear Material Out of Regulatory Control journal, June 2016

Computationally Guided Investigation of the Optical Spectra of Pure β-UO 3 journal, July 2020

The hydrates of thorium tetrafluoride journal, October 1955

Analysis of Water Coupling in Inelastic Neutron Spectra of Uranyl Fluoride journal, July 2019

NMR Evidence for Contact Hyperfine Coupling in Paramagnetic UF4 journal, January 1966

The hydrated tetrafluorides of uranium and plutonium journal, January 1954

Automated detection of broad NMR spectra: 19F NMR of paramagnetic UF4 and 195Pt NMR of supported Pt catalysts journal, August 2018

Electrodialytic Conversion of Uranyl Nitrate to Uranic Fluoride Salts journal, December 1958

Nuclear Forensic Science: Correlating Measurable Material Parameters to the History of Nuclear Material journal, October 2012

Plutonium Transport in the Environment journal, June 2012

Some crystallochemical peculiarities of the cubic form of hydrated uranium tetrafluoride journal, January 1966

Microscopy and spectroscopy of plutonium dioxide aging under ambient and near-ambient conditions journal, February 2021

The Chemistry of Uranium Fluorides journal, December 1961

Study of the chemical changes of μm-sized particles of uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) in environmental conditions by means of micro-Raman spectrometry journal, September 2020

Crystal structure of UF4 � 2.5 H2O journal, January 1972

Temperature variation of the structural parameters in actinide tetrafluorides journal, December 1994

Characterization of uranium tetrafluoride (UF 4 ) with Raman spectroscopy : Characterization of UF journal, March 2016

IR spectroscopic study of dehydration products of UF4 and PUF4 crystal hydrates in an anhydrous HF current journal, June 1967

Characterization of Uranium Particles Produced by Hydrolysis of UF 6 Using SEM and SIMS journal, May 2007

Title: Characterizing the solid hydrolysis product, UF₄(H₂O)_2.5, generated from neat water reactions with UF₄ at room temperature

In-situ FT-IR Study of Hydrolyzation Reaction at Ambient Temperature and Thermal Transformation Behaviors of UF₄/KBr in Air
journal, January 2015

Nuclear quadrupole interactions in compounds studied by time differential perturbed angular correlations/distributions
journal, October 1987

Dipolar Broadening of the NMR Spectrum of19F in UF4
journal, January 1969

The Powder Diffraction File: a quality materials characterization database
journal, November 2019

Low temperature structural phase transition in hafnium and zirconium tetrafluoride trihydrates
journal, April 2016

Uranium processing: A review of current methods and technology
journal, September 2000

Effect of F− complexing agents on PuF4 dissolution
journal, November 1969

The Excer Process. Preparing Uranium Tetrafluoride by Ion Exchange and Electrolysis
journal, March 1958

Vibrational spectra of some heavy metal teftafluorides in the solid state
journal, May 1975

Vibrational properties of uranium fluorides
journal, October 2019

U ₃ F ₁₂ (H ₂ O), a Noncentrosymmetric Uranium(IV) Fluoride Prepared via a Convenient In Situ Route That Creates U ⁴⁺ under Mild Hydrothermal Conditions
journal, July 2013

Studies of matrix isolated uranium tetrafluoride and its interactions with frozen gases
journal, August 1977

The hydrolysis of uranium tetrafluoride
journal, March 1962

The hafnium tetrafluoride-water system
journal, June 1964

Investigations of Uranyl Fluoride Sesquihydrate (UO ₂ F ₂ ·1.57H ₂ O): Combining ¹⁹ F Solid-State MAS NMR Spectroscopy and GIPAW Chemical Shift Calculations
journal, July 2018

Characterizing the degradation of [(UO2F2)(H2O)]7 4H2O under humid conditions
journal, February 2020

The crystal structure of UF4�2.5H2O
journal, July 1971

An Improved Method for Dissolution of Uranium Tetrafluoride.
journal, July 1962

Nuclear Forensic Science: Analysis of Nuclear Material Out of Regulatory Control
journal, June 2016

Computationally Guided Investigation of the Optical Spectra of Pure β-UO ₃
journal, July 2020

The hydrates of thorium tetrafluoride
journal, October 1955

Analysis of Water Coupling in Inelastic Neutron Spectra of Uranyl Fluoride
journal, July 2019

NMR Evidence for Contact Hyperfine Coupling in Paramagnetic UF4
journal, January 1966

The hydrated tetrafluorides of uranium and plutonium
journal, January 1954

Automated detection of broad NMR spectra: 19F NMR of paramagnetic UF4 and 195Pt NMR of supported Pt catalysts
journal, August 2018

Electrodialytic Conversion of Uranyl Nitrate to Uranic Fluoride Salts
journal, December 1958

Nuclear Forensic Science: Correlating Measurable Material Parameters to the History of Nuclear Material
journal, October 2012

Plutonium Transport in the Environment
journal, June 2012

Some crystallochemical peculiarities of the cubic form of hydrated uranium tetrafluoride
journal, January 1966

Microscopy and spectroscopy of plutonium dioxide aging under ambient and near-ambient conditions
journal, February 2021

The Chemistry of Uranium Fluorides
journal, December 1961

Study of the chemical changes of μm-sized particles of uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) in environmental conditions by means of micro-Raman spectrometry
journal, September 2020

Crystal structure of UF4 � 2.5 H2O
journal, January 1972

Temperature variation of the structural parameters in actinide tetrafluorides
journal, December 1994

Characterization of uranium tetrafluoride (UF ₄ ) with Raman spectroscopy : Characterization of UF
journal, March 2016

IR spectroscopic study of dehydration products of UF4 and PUF4 crystal hydrates in an anhydrous HF current
journal, June 1967

Characterization of Uranium Particles Produced by Hydrolysis of UF ₆ Using SEM and SIMS
journal, May 2007