Microstructures and mechanical properties of a modified 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel in the as-built condition after additive manufacturing

Zhong, Weicheng; Sridharan, Niyanth; Isheim, Dieter; Field, Kevin G.; Yang, Ying; Terrani, Kurt; Tan, Lizhen

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152742

Title: Microstructures and mechanical properties of a modified 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel in the as-built condition after additive manufacturing

Abstract

A newly developed nano-structured high-Mn 9Cr ferritic-martensitic (FM) steel designed for additive manufacturing (Additive-manufactured Nanostructured Alloy, ANA) was fabricated via the direct energy deposition method. The as-printed ANA2 showed tensile properties (strength and elongation) and Charpy impact toughness (upper-shelf energy and ductile-brittle transition temperature) comparable to oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Eurofer and PM2000. Compared with wrought P91, the as-built ANA2 showed significantly higher yield strength but inferior Charpy impact toughness and ductility. Microstructural characterization revealed uniformly distributed sub-micron pores, an extremely high dislocation density, and a high density of ultrafine nano-structured precipitates in the matrix. The microstructures indicated the dislocations as the dominant strengthening element and the ultrafine precipitates as the primary contribution to estimated irradiation sink density. This work demonstrates the ability to exploit the unique consolidation properties of additive manufacturing to fabricate steels which marry the benefits of both ODS alloys and conventionally processed FM steels.

Authors:

^[1]; Sridharan, Niyanth ^[2]; Isheim, Dieter ^[3];

^[4];

^[1];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lincoln Electric Company, Chennai (India)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Dec 17 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Science Foundation (NSF); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR)

OSTI Identifier:: 1766405

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1776045

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; DMR-0420532; DMR-1720139; ECCS-1542205; N00014-0400798; N00014-0610539; N00014-0910781; N00014-1712870

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Nuclear Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 545; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3115

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Dislocations; Precipitates; Pores; Strengthening contribution; Sink density

Citation Formats


                    Zhong, Weicheng, Sridharan, Niyanth, Isheim, Dieter, Field, Kevin G., Yang, Ying, Terrani, Kurt, and Tan, Lizhen. Microstructures and mechanical properties of a modified 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel in the as-built condition after additive manufacturing.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152742.

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                    Zhong, Weicheng, Sridharan, Niyanth, Isheim, Dieter, Field, Kevin G., Yang, Ying, Terrani, Kurt, & Tan, Lizhen. Microstructures and mechanical properties of a modified 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel in the as-built condition after additive manufacturing.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152742

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                    Zhong, Weicheng, Sridharan, Niyanth, Isheim, Dieter, Field, Kevin G., Yang, Ying, Terrani, Kurt, and Tan, Lizhen. Thu .  
"Microstructures and mechanical properties of a modified 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel in the as-built condition after additive manufacturing".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152742.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1766405.

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@article{osti_1766405,

  title        = {Microstructures and mechanical properties of a modified 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel in the as-built condition after additive manufacturing},

  author       = {Zhong, Weicheng and Sridharan, Niyanth and Isheim, Dieter and Field, Kevin G. and Yang, Ying and Terrani, Kurt and Tan, Lizhen},

  abstractNote = {A newly developed nano-structured high-Mn 9Cr ferritic-martensitic (FM) steel designed for additive manufacturing (Additive-manufactured Nanostructured Alloy, ANA) was fabricated via the direct energy deposition method. The as-printed ANA2 showed tensile properties (strength and elongation) and Charpy impact toughness (upper-shelf energy and ductile-brittle transition temperature) comparable to oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Eurofer and PM2000. Compared with wrought P91, the as-built ANA2 showed significantly higher yield strength but inferior Charpy impact toughness and ductility. Microstructural characterization revealed uniformly distributed sub-micron pores, an extremely high dislocation density, and a high density of ultrafine nano-structured precipitates in the matrix. The microstructures indicated the dislocations as the dominant strengthening element and the ultrafine precipitates as the primary contribution to estimated irradiation sink density. This work demonstrates the ability to exploit the unique consolidation properties of additive manufacturing to fabricate steels which marry the benefits of both ODS alloys and conventionally processed FM steels.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152742},

  journal      = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 545,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Dec 17 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Thu Dec 17 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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Title: Microstructures and mechanical properties of a modified 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel in the as-built condition after additive manufacturing

Abstract

Citation Formats

Oxide dispersion-strengthened steels: A comparison of some commercial and experimental alloys journal, May 2005

Ferritic-martensitic steels for fission and fusion applications journal, September 2019

Materials challenges in nuclear energy journal, February 2013

Mechanical properties of irradiated ODS-EUROFER and nanocluster strengthened 14YWT journal, July 2009

The determination of dislocation densities in thin films journal, September 1961

Effect of block size on the strength of lath martensite in low carbon steels journal, November 2006

Corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in supercritical water journal, September 2007

Structural materials for fission & fusion energy journal, November 2009

Radiation damage and irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking of additively manufactured 316L stainless steels journal, January 2019

Analysis of Three-dimensional Atom-probe Data by the Proximity Histogram journal, September 2000

Tailoring the strength and ductility of T91 steel by partial tempering treatment journal, May 2019

Martensite microstructure of 9–12%Cr steels weld metals journal, December 2006

Crystallographic features of lath martensite in low-carbon steel journal, March 2006

Welding and weldability of candidate ferritic alloys for future advanced ultrasupercritical fossil power plants journal, November 2013

Effects of carbonitrides and carbides on microstructure and properties of castable nanostructured alloys journal, November 2020

Steam oxidation behavior of Ni-base superalloys 690, 725 and X-750 at 600 and 650 °C journal, August 2019

ARPGE : a computer program to automatically reconstruct the parent grains from electron backscatter diffraction data journal, November 2007

Role of evolving microstructure on the mechanical properties of electron beam welded ferritic-martensitic steel in the as-welded and post weld heat-treated states journal, June 2017

Direct observation of creep strengthening nanoprecipitate formation in ausformed ferritic/martensitic steels journal, April 2019

A Road Map for the Advanced Manufacturing of Ferritic-Martensitic Steels journal, May 2019

About the information depth of backscattered electron imaging: ABOUT THE INFORMATION DEPTH journal, March 2017

Development of castable nanostructured alloys as a new generation RAFM steels journal, December 2018

Creep damage evaluation of 9Cr–1Mo–V–Nb steel welded joints showing Type IV fracture journal, January 2006

Microstructural evolution of neutron-irradiated T91 and NF616 to ∼4.3 dpa at 469 °C journal, September 2017

The Role of Dislocation Climb across Particles at Creep Conditions in 9 to 12 Pct Cr Steels journal, September 2007

Microstructural characterization of Eurofer-97 and Eurofer-ODS steels before and after multi-beam ion irradiations at JANNUS Saclay facility journal, October 2015

Performance of a ferritic/martensitic steel for nuclear reactor applications fabricated using additive manufacturing journal, August 2019

The effect of precipitate-matrix interface sinks on the growth of voids in the matrix journal, January 1981

Precipitate phases in normalized and tempered ferritic/martensitic steel P92 journal, October 2015

Ferritic/martensitic steels for next-generation reactors journal, September 2007

Microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel CX manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering journal, January 2018

Effects of transformation temperature on variant pairing of bainitic ferrite in low carbon steel journal, March 2012

Evolution of microstructure and deformation resistance in creep of tempered martensitic 9–12%Cr–2%W–5%Co steels journal, June 2006

Microstructure control for high strength 9Cr ferritic–martensitic steels journal, March 2012

Formulating the strength factor α for improved predictability of radiation hardening journal, October 2015

Characterization of as-welded microstructure of heat-affected zone in modified 9Cr–1Mo–V–Nb steel weldment journal, August 2016

Calculation of the effect of alloying elements on the Ms temperature in steels journal, April 1995

Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-deposited and heat-treated additive manufactured 9Cr steel journal, September 2019

Analysis of changes in lattice parameter of a grade 91 steel during thermal ageing at 550 °C journal, March 2019

Designing Radiation Resistance in Materials for Fusion Energy journal, July 2014

Investigations on the growth kinetics of Laves phase precipitates in 12% Cr creep-resistant steels: Experimental and DICTRA calculations journal, October 2010

Stability of MX-type strengthening nanoprecipitates in ferritic steels under thermal aging, stress and ion irradiation journal, June 2014

Microstructural characterization of inhomogeneity in 9Cr ODS EUROFER steel journal, May 2020

A physically-based high temperature yield strength model for 9Cr steels journal, July 2018

Oxide dispersion-strengthened steels: A comparison of some commercial and experimental alloys
journal, May 2005

Ferritic-martensitic steels for fission and fusion applications
journal, September 2019

Materials challenges in nuclear energy
journal, February 2013

Mechanical properties of irradiated ODS-EUROFER and nanocluster strengthened 14YWT
journal, July 2009

The determination of dislocation densities in thin films
journal, September 1961

Effect of block size on the strength of lath martensite in low carbon steels
journal, November 2006

Corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in supercritical water
journal, September 2007

Structural materials for fission & fusion energy
journal, November 2009

Radiation damage and irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking of additively manufactured 316L stainless steels
journal, January 2019

Analysis of Three-dimensional Atom-probe Data by the Proximity Histogram
journal, September 2000

Tailoring the strength and ductility of T91 steel by partial tempering treatment
journal, May 2019

Martensite microstructure of 9–12%Cr steels weld metals
journal, December 2006

Crystallographic features of lath martensite in low-carbon steel
journal, March 2006

Welding and weldability of candidate ferritic alloys for future advanced ultrasupercritical fossil power plants
journal, November 2013

Effects of carbonitrides and carbides on microstructure and properties of castable nanostructured alloys
journal, November 2020

Steam oxidation behavior of Ni-base superalloys 690, 725 and X-750 at 600 and 650 °C
journal, August 2019

ARPGE : a computer program to automatically reconstruct the parent grains from electron backscatter diffraction data
journal, November 2007

Role of evolving microstructure on the mechanical properties of electron beam welded ferritic-martensitic steel in the as-welded and post weld heat-treated states
journal, June 2017

Direct observation of creep strengthening nanoprecipitate formation in ausformed ferritic/martensitic steels
journal, April 2019

A Road Map for the Advanced Manufacturing of Ferritic-Martensitic Steels
journal, May 2019

About the information depth of backscattered electron imaging: ABOUT THE INFORMATION DEPTH
journal, March 2017

Development of castable nanostructured alloys as a new generation RAFM steels
journal, December 2018

Creep damage evaluation of 9Cr–1Mo–V–Nb steel welded joints showing Type IV fracture
journal, January 2006

Microstructural evolution of neutron-irradiated T91 and NF616 to ∼4.3 dpa at 469 °C
journal, September 2017

The Role of Dislocation Climb across Particles at Creep Conditions in 9 to 12 Pct Cr Steels
journal, September 2007

Microstructural characterization of Eurofer-97 and Eurofer-ODS steels before and after multi-beam ion irradiations at JANNUS Saclay facility
journal, October 2015

Performance of a ferritic/martensitic steel for nuclear reactor applications fabricated using additive manufacturing
journal, August 2019

The effect of precipitate-matrix interface sinks on the growth of voids in the matrix
journal, January 1981

Precipitate phases in normalized and tempered ferritic/martensitic steel P92
journal, October 2015

Ferritic/martensitic steels for next-generation reactors
journal, September 2007

Microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel CX manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering
journal, January 2018

Effects of transformation temperature on variant pairing of bainitic ferrite in low carbon steel
journal, March 2012

Evolution of microstructure and deformation resistance in creep of tempered martensitic 9–12%Cr–2%W–5%Co steels
journal, June 2006

Microstructure control for high strength 9Cr ferritic–martensitic steels
journal, March 2012

Formulating the strength factor α for improved predictability of radiation hardening
journal, October 2015

Characterization of as-welded microstructure of heat-affected zone in modified 9Cr–1Mo–V–Nb steel weldment
journal, August 2016

Calculation of the effect of alloying elements on the Ms temperature in steels
journal, April 1995

Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-deposited and heat-treated additive manufactured 9Cr steel
journal, September 2019

Analysis of changes in lattice parameter of a grade 91 steel during thermal ageing at 550 °C
journal, March 2019

Designing Radiation Resistance in Materials for Fusion Energy
journal, July 2014

Investigations on the growth kinetics of Laves phase precipitates in 12% Cr creep-resistant steels: Experimental and DICTRA calculations
journal, October 2010

Stability of MX-type strengthening nanoprecipitates in ferritic steels under thermal aging, stress and ion irradiation
journal, June 2014

Microstructural characterization of inhomogeneity in 9Cr ODS EUROFER steel
journal, May 2020

A physically-based high temperature yield strength model for 9Cr steels
journal, July 2018