Effects of emitting surfaces and trapped ions on the sheath physics and current flow in multidimensional plasma systems
Abstract
Recent one-dimensional simulations of planar sheaths with strong electron emission have shown that trapping of charge-exchange ions causes transitions from space-charge limited (SCL) to inverse sheaths. However, multidimensional emitting sheath phenomena with collisions remained unexplored, due in part to high computational cost. As such, we developed a novel continuum kinetic code to study the sheath physics, current flow and potential distributions in two-dimensional unmagnetized configurations with emitting surfaces. For small negatively biased thermionic cathodes in a plasma, the cathode sheath can exist in an equilibrium SCL state. The SCL sheath carries an immense density of trapped ions, neutralized by thermoelectrons, within the potential well of the virtual cathode. For further increases of emitted flux, the trapped ion cloud expands in space. The trapped ion space charge causes an increase of thermionic current far beyond the saturation limit predicted by conventional collisionless SCL sheath models without ion trapping. For sufficiently strong emission, the trapped ion cloud consumes the entire 2D plasma domain, forming a mode with globally confined ions and an inverse sheath at the cathode. In situations where the emitted flux is fixed and the bias is swept (e.g. emissive probe), the trapped ions cause a large thermionic current tomore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1763187
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-812099
Journal ID: ISSN 1361-6595; 1019220; TRN: US2205945
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; SC0021110
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 30; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1361-6595
- Publisher:
- IOP Publishing
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; sheath; thermionic emission; simulation; emissive probe
Citation Formats
Johnson, G. R., and Campanell, M. D. Effects of emitting surfaces and trapped ions on the sheath physics and current flow in multidimensional plasma systems. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1088/1361-6595/abcc7b.
Johnson, G. R., & Campanell, M. D. Effects of emitting surfaces and trapped ions on the sheath physics and current flow in multidimensional plasma systems. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/abcc7b
Johnson, G. R., and Campanell, M. D. Mon .
"Effects of emitting surfaces and trapped ions on the sheath physics and current flow in multidimensional plasma systems". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/abcc7b. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1763187.
@article{osti_1763187,
title = {Effects of emitting surfaces and trapped ions on the sheath physics and current flow in multidimensional plasma systems},
author = {Johnson, G. R. and Campanell, M. D.},
abstractNote = {Recent one-dimensional simulations of planar sheaths with strong electron emission have shown that trapping of charge-exchange ions causes transitions from space-charge limited (SCL) to inverse sheaths. However, multidimensional emitting sheath phenomena with collisions remained unexplored, due in part to high computational cost. As such, we developed a novel continuum kinetic code to study the sheath physics, current flow and potential distributions in two-dimensional unmagnetized configurations with emitting surfaces. For small negatively biased thermionic cathodes in a plasma, the cathode sheath can exist in an equilibrium SCL state. The SCL sheath carries an immense density of trapped ions, neutralized by thermoelectrons, within the potential well of the virtual cathode. For further increases of emitted flux, the trapped ion cloud expands in space. The trapped ion space charge causes an increase of thermionic current far beyond the saturation limit predicted by conventional collisionless SCL sheath models without ion trapping. For sufficiently strong emission, the trapped ion cloud consumes the entire 2D plasma domain, forming a mode with globally confined ions and an inverse sheath at the cathode. In situations where the emitted flux is fixed and the bias is swept (e.g. emissive probe), the trapped ions cause a large thermionic current to escape for all biases below the plasma potential. Strong suppression of the thermionic emission, required for the probe to float, only occurs when the probe is above the plasma potential.},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6595/abcc7b},
journal = {Plasma Sources Science and Technology},
number = 1,
volume = 30,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Mon Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Direct Vlasov simulations of electron-attracting cylindrical Langmuir probes in flowing plasmas
journal, July 2014
- Sánchez-Arriaga, G.; Pastor-Moreno, D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 7
Negative plasma potentials produced by supplemental electron emission
journal, January 1979
- Hershkowitz, Noah; Ze, Frederic; Kozima, Hideo
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 22, Issue 2
Current-Voltage and Floating-Potential characteristics of cylindrical emissive probes from a full-kinetic model based on the orbital motion theory
journal, February 2018
- Chen, Xin; Sánchez-Arriaga, Gonzalo
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 958
Plasma Potential Measurements by Electron Emissive Probes
journal, April 1966
- Kemp, Robert F.; Sellen, J. M.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 37, Issue 4
Photoemission driven electron two-stream instability (ETSI) and evolution of plasma sheath
journal, April 2019
- Changmai, Suniti; Bora, Madhurjya P.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 4
Kinetic model of an inverted sheath in a bounded plasma system
journal, February 2020
- Gyergyek, T.; Kovačič, J.; Gomez, I.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 2
Genesis of non-uniformity of plasma fluxes over emissive wall in low-temperature plasmas
journal, December 2019
- Schweigert, I. V.; Walker, M. L. R.; Keidar, M.
- Plasma Research Express, Vol. 1, Issue 4
Ion flow and sheath structure near positively biased electrodes
journal, November 2016
- Hood, R.; Scheiner, B.; Baalrud, S. D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 11
Nonlinear dynamical behavior of thermionic low pressure discharges. I. Simulation
journal, June 1995
- Greiner, F.; Klinger, T.; Piel, A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 2, Issue 6
Physics-Based-Adaptive Plasma Model for High-Fidelity Numerical Simulations
journal, September 2018
- Ho, Andrew; Datta, Iman Anwar Michael; Shumlak, Uri
- Frontiers in Physics, Vol. 6
Improved understanding of the hot cathode current modes and mode transitions
journal, November 2017
- Campanell, M. D.; Umansky, M. V.
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 26, Issue 12
Contributions of Q-machine experiments to understanding auroral particle acceleration processes
journal, May 2002
- Koepke, M. E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 5
Mode transition and nonlinear self-oscillations in the beam-driven collisional discharge plasma
journal, August 1998
- Lee, Hae June; Lee, Jae Koo
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 5, Issue 8
Electron collection and thermionic emission from a spherical dust grain in the space-charge limited regime
journal, June 2018
- Autricque, A.; Khrapak, S. A.; Couëdel, L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 6
Intense boundary emission destroys normal radio-frequency plasma sheath
journal, March 2020
- Sun, Guang-Yu; Sun, An-Bang; Zhang, Guan-Jun
- Physical Review E, Vol. 101, Issue 3
Electron-rich sheath dynamics. II. Sheath ionization and relaxation instabilities
journal, June 2011
- Stenzel, R. L.; Gruenwald, J.; Ionita, C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 6
Effect of charge exchange ions upon Langmuir probe current
journal, September 2002
- Sternovsky, Zoltan; Robertson, Scott
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 11
Influence of the emission current on a beam-generated plasma
journal, December 2018
- Levko, Dmitry; Gruenwald, Johannes
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 12
Dust levitation in an inverse sheath
journal, October 2018
- Deka, Rinku; Bora, Madhurjya P.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 10
A detailed study on the structures of steady-state collisionless kinetic sheath near a dielectric wall with secondary electron emission. II. Inverse and space-charge limited sheaths
journal, June 2018
- Qing, Shaowei; Zhao, Yongpei
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 6
The contribution of charge exchange ions to cylindrical Langmuir probe current
journal, January 2003
- Sternovsky, Z.; Robertson, S.; Lampe, M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Plasma Assisted Cooling of Hot Surfaces on Hypersonic Vehicles
journal, February 2019
- Hanquist, Kyle M.; Boyd, Iain D.
- Frontiers in Physics, Vol. 7
Theory and simulation of anode spots in low pressure plasmas
journal, November 2017
- Scheiner, Brett; Barnat, Edward V.; Baalrud, Scott D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 11
Particle-in-cell simulations of an inverted sheath
journal, April 2020
- Gomez, I.; Valič, A.; Gyergyek, T.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1492
Plasma sheath material induced dependence due to secondary electron emission
journal, April 2020
- Pigeon, V.; Claire, N.; Arnas, C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 4
Heat flow through a Langmuir sheath in the presence of electron emission
journal, January 1967
- Hobbs, G. D.; Wesson, J. A.
- Plasma Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Simulation of the Space-Charge-Limited Current Density for Time-Variant Pulsed Injection
journal, August 2019
- Huang, Hao; Liu, Yangjie
- IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 47, Issue 8
Are two plasma equilibrium states possible when the emission coefficient exceeds unity?
journal, May 2017
- Campanell, M. D.; Umansky, M. V.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5
Electron emission in a source-collector sheath system: A kinetic study
journal, October 2014
- Rizopoulou, N.; Robinson, A. P. L.; Coppins, M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 10
Arc erosion of full metal plasma facing components at the inner baffle region of ASDEX Upgrade
journal, December 2016
- Rohde, V.; Balden, M.
- Nuclear Materials and Energy, Vol. 9
Floating potential of emitting surfaces in plasmas with respect to the space potential
journal, March 2018
- Kraus, B. F.; Raitses, Y.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 3
Ion collection by planar Langmuir probes: Sheridan’s model and its verification
journal, March 2007
- Lee, Dongsoo; Hershkowitz, Noah
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 3
Response of the plasma to the size of an anode electrode biased near the plasma potential
journal, October 2014
- Barnat, E. V.; Laity, G. R.; Baalrud, S. D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 10
Analytical model of low and high ablation regimes in carbon arcs
journal, September 2020
- Khrabry, A.; Kaganovich, I. D.; Khodak, A.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 128, Issue 12
100 years of the physics of diodes
journal, March 2017
- Zhang, Peng; Valfells, Ágúst; Ang, L. K.
- Applied Physics Reviews, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Analysis of the Transition Time between the Space-Charge-Limited and Inverse Regimes
journal, January 2019
- Johnson, G. R.; Campanell, M. D.
- Plasma Physics Reports, Vol. 45, Issue 1
Plasma-material boundary conditions for discontinuous Galerkin continuum-kinetic simulations, with a focus on secondary electron emission
journal, April 2020
- Cagas, Petr; Hakim, Ammar; Srinivasan, Bhuvana
- Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 406
Influence of ion streaming instabilities on transport near plasma boundaries
journal, February 2016
- Baalrud, Scott D.
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 25, Issue 2
Effects of secondary and thermionic electron emission on the collector and source sheaths of a finite ion temperature plasma using kinetic theory and numerical simulation
journal, February 1993
- Schwager, L. A.
- Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Orbital-motion-limited theory of dust charging and plasma response
journal, December 2014
- Tang, Xian-Zhu; Luca Delzanno, Gian
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 12
Stable and unstable discharge modes of a multipole confined thermionic gas discharge at low pressure
journal, May 1994
- Klostermann, H.; Greiner, F.; Klinger, T.
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Model for the operation of an emissive cathode in a large magnetized-plasma
journal, February 2019
- Poulos, M. J.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 2
Space-charge limited thermionic sheaths in magnetized fusion plasmas
journal, March 2020
- Komm, M.; Ratynskaia, S.; Tolias, P.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 5
How big is a small Langmuir probe?
journal, July 2000
- Sheridan, T. E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 7
Progress with the 5D full-F continuum gyrokinetic code COGENT
journal, February 2020
- Dorf, Mikhail; Dorr, Milo
- Contributions to Plasma Physics, Vol. 60, Issue 5-6
Test cases for grid-based direct kinetic modeling of plasma flows
journal, June 2018
- Hara, Kentaro; Hanquist, Kyle
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 6
Self-oscillations in an over-injected electron diode – Experiment and analysis
journal, March 2019
- Siman-Tov, M.; Leopold, J. G.; Krasik, Ya. E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 3
An analytical model of thermionic discharges
journal, March 1986
- Lawless, J. L.; Lam, S. H.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 6
Space-Charge Limited Current from Plasma-Facing Material Surface
journal, April 2004
- Takamura, S.; Ohno, N.; Ye, M. Y.
- Contributions to Plasma Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 13
Boundary conditions at the walls with thermionic electron emission in two temperature modeling of “thermal” plasmas
journal, August 2015
- Pekker, Leonid; Hussary, Nakhleh
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 8
Trapped Photoelectrons During Spacecraft Charging in Sunlight
journal, September 2015
- Lai, Shu T.; Cahoy, Kerri
- IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 43, Issue 9
Impact of exterior electron emission on the self-sustaining margin of hollow cathode discharge
journal, May 2020
- Meng, Tianhang; Ning, Zhongxi; Yu, Daren
- Plasma Science and Technology, Vol. 22, Issue 9
Recommended Practice for Use of Emissive Probes in Electric Propulsion Testing
journal, May 2017
- Sheehan, J. P.; Raitses, Yevgeny; Hershkowitz, Noah
- Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 33, Issue 3
New diagnostic tools for transport measurements in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of medium-size tokamaks
journal, March 2019
- Schneider, B. S.; Ionita, C.; Costea, S.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 5
Space-charge limited current with a finite injection velocity revisited
journal, June 2020
- Lafleur, T.
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 29, Issue 6
Formation of stable inverse sheath in ion–ion plasma by strong negative ion emission
journal, June 2018
- Zhang, Zhe; Wu, Bang; Yang, Shali
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 6
Particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo collision simulations of the cathode sheath in an atmospheric direct-current arc discharge
journal, September 2016
- Zhou, Wen; Guo, Heng; Jiang, Wei
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 25, Issue 5
Integrated modeling of plasma-dielectric interaction: kinetic boundary effects
journal, May 2019
- Sun, Guang-Yu; Li, Yuan; Zhang, Shu
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 28, Issue 5
2D self-consistent modeling of arc–electrode interaction in GTAW using a finite volume method
journal, November 2018
- Liang, Peng
- Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 3
The Child–Langmuir law and analytical theory of collisionless to collision-dominated sheaths
journal, November 2008
- Benilov, M. S.
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 18, Issue 1
Ion velocity-locking in the neighborhood of virtual cathodes via instability enhanced collisional friction
journal, November 2016
- Yip, Chi-Shung; Hershkowitz, Noah; Severn, Greg
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 26, Issue 1
Experimental investigation of sheath effects on I–V traces of strongly electron emitting probes
journal, February 2020
- Yip, Chi-Shung; Jin, Chenyao; Zhang, Wei
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 29, Issue 2