Structure and magnetism in Ga-rich MnGa/GaN thin films and unexpected giant perpendicular anisotropy in the ultra-thin film limit

Mandru, Andrada-Oana; Corbett, Joseph P.; Lucy, Jeremy M.; Richard, Andrea L.; Yang, Fengyuan; Ingram, David C.; Smith, Arthur R.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.105

Title: Structure and magnetism in Ga-rich MnGa/GaN thin films and unexpected giant perpendicular anisotropy in the ultra-thin film limit

Abstract

Here, we report structural, surface, and magnetic investigations of ferromagnetic Ga-rich MnGa thin and ultra-thin films grown on semiconducting GaN(0001) using molecular beam epitaxy. The Mn:Ga composition ratio is varied from ≈1 (stoichiometric) to ≈0.42 (very Ga-rich) for different samples. We find that the L1₀ MnGa phase is preserved down to a Mn:Ga ratio of ≈0.81. As the Ga concentration increases, we observe the coexistence of more Ga-rich phases, namely Mn3Ga5 and Mn2Ga5. Room temperature scanning tunneling microscopy imaging reveals highly epitaxial films, with atomically smooth and highly reconstructed surfaces. Magnetic characterizations show how the magnetic properties evolve with changing composition and that giant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is induced by reducing the size of our films.

Authors:

^[1]; Corbett, Joseph P. ^[1]; Lucy, Jeremy M. ^[2]; Richard, Andrea L. ^[1]; Yang, Fengyuan ^[2];

^[1];

^[1]

Ohio Univ., Athens, OH (United States)
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Ohio Univ., Athens, OH (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1737518

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1325391

Report Number(s):: 83
Journal ID: ISSN 0169-4332; TRN: US2205334

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-06ER46317; SC0001304

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Applied Surface Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 367; Journal ID: ISSN 0169-4332

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; MnGa; perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; manganese gallium; gallium nitride, scanning tunneling microscopy

Citation Formats


                    Mandru, Andrada-Oana, Corbett, Joseph P., Lucy, Jeremy M., Richard, Andrea L., Yang, Fengyuan, Ingram, David C., and Smith, Arthur R. Structure and magnetism in Ga-rich MnGa/GaN thin films and unexpected giant perpendicular anisotropy in the ultra-thin film limit.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.105.

Copy to clipboard


                    Mandru, Andrada-Oana, Corbett, Joseph P., Lucy, Jeremy M., Richard, Andrea L., Yang, Fengyuan, Ingram, David C., & Smith, Arthur R. Structure and magnetism in Ga-rich MnGa/GaN thin films and unexpected giant perpendicular anisotropy in the ultra-thin film limit.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.105

Copy to clipboard


                    Mandru, Andrada-Oana, Corbett, Joseph P., Lucy, Jeremy M., Richard, Andrea L., Yang, Fengyuan, Ingram, David C., and Smith, Arthur R. Thu .  
"Structure and magnetism in Ga-rich MnGa/GaN thin films and unexpected giant perpendicular anisotropy in the ultra-thin film limit".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.105.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1737518.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1737518,

  title        = {Structure and magnetism in Ga-rich MnGa/GaN thin films and unexpected giant perpendicular anisotropy in the ultra-thin film limit},

  author       = {Mandru, Andrada-Oana and Corbett, Joseph P. and Lucy, Jeremy M. and Richard, Andrea L. and Yang, Fengyuan and Ingram, David C. and Smith, Arthur R.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we report structural, surface, and magnetic investigations of ferromagnetic Ga-rich MnGa thin and ultra-thin films grown on semiconducting GaN(0001) using molecular beam epitaxy. The Mn:Ga composition ratio is varied from ≈1 (stoichiometric) to ≈0.42 (very Ga-rich) for different samples. We find that the L10 MnGa phase is preserved down to a Mn:Ga ratio of ≈0.81. As the Ga concentration increases, we observe the coexistence of more Ga-rich phases, namely Mn3Ga5 and Mn2Ga5. Room temperature scanning tunneling microscopy imaging reveals highly epitaxial films, with atomically smooth and highly reconstructed surfaces. Magnetic characterizations show how the magnetic properties evolve with changing composition and that giant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is induced by reducing the size of our films.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.105},

  journal      = {Applied Surface Science},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 367,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Thu Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.105

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 12 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Multifunctional L10-Mn1.5Ga Films with Ultrahigh Coercivity, Giant Perpendicular Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy and Large Magnetic Energy Product
journal, July 2012

Zhu, Lijun; Nie, Shuaihua; Meng, Kangkang
Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 33
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200805

Recent progress in perpendicularly magnetized Mn-based binary alloy films
journal, November 2013

Zhu, Li-Jun; Nie, Shuai-Hua; Zhao, Jian-Hua
Chinese Physics B, Vol. 22, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/22/11/118505

Spin-polarized current-induced magnetization reversal in perpendicularly magnetized L10-FePt layers
journal, April 2006

Seki, T.; Mitani, S.; Yakushiji, K.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1063/1.2198819

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of δ-MnGa
journal, March 1998

Yang, Zongxian; Li, Jun; Wang, Ding-sheng
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 182, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-8853(97)01029-9

Large coercivity in nanostructured rare-earth-free Mn _x Ga films
journal, December 2011

Nummy, T. J.; Bennett, S. P.; Cardinal, T.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 25
DOI: 10.1063/1.3671329

Epitaxial $δ$ -Mn $_{x}$ Ga $_{1 - x}$ layers on GaN(0001): Structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties
journal, September 2011

Bedoya-Pinto, A.; Zube, C.; Malindretos, J.
Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.104424

L10 ordering of off-stoichiometric FePt (001) thin films at reduced temperature
journal, April 2003

Seki, T.; Shima, T.; Takanashi, K.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 82, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1063/1.1567053

Two-Dimensional Superdegeneracy and Structure−Magnetism Correlations in Strong Ferromagnet, Mn ₂ Ga ₅
journal, January 2008

Kim, Sang-Hwan; Boström, Magnus; Seo, Dong-Kyun
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1021/ja0765924

Magnetization and coercivity of Mn3−δGa alloys with a D022-type structure
journal, January 1996

Niida, Hiroshi; Hori, Tomiei; Onodera, Hideya
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 79, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1063/1.362115

The constitution and structure of manganese-gallium alloys
journal, June 1965

Meissner, H. G.; Schubert, K.; Anantharaman, T. R.
Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section A, Vol. 61, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/BF03049257

Structure and Magnetism of MnGa Ultra-Thin Films on GaAs(111)B
journal, December 2013

Arins, A. W.; Jurca, H. F.; Zarpellon, J.
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 49, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2272213

Heteroepitaxial growth and surface structure of L1 ₀ -MnGa(111) ultra-thin films on GaN(0001)
journal, October 2013

Mandru, Andrada-Oana; Garcia Diaz, Reyes; Wang, Kangkang
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1063/1.4826203

Strain and composition distributions in wurtzite InGaN/GaN layers extracted from x-ray reciprocal space mapping
journal, May 2002

Pereira, S.; Correia, M. R.; Pereira, E.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1063/1.1481786

Structural controlled magnetic anisotropy in Heusler L10−MnGa epitaxial thin films
journal, April 2011

Wang, Kangkang; Lu, Erdong; Knepper, Jacob W.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1063/1.3582244

Preparation and Crystal Structure of the Pseudo-Decagonal Approximant Mn3Ga5
journal, September 2000

Boström, Magnus; Hovmöller, Sven
Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 153, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1006/jssc.2000.8790

Reconstruction Control of Magnetic Properties during Epitaxial Growth of Ferromagnetic ${Mn}_{3 - δ} Ga$ on Wurtzite GaN(0001)
journal, October 2006

Lu, Erdong; Ingram, David C.; Smith, Arthur R.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.146101

High spin polarization in epitaxial films of ferrimagnetic Mn $_{3}$ Ga
journal, January 2011

Kurt, H.; Rode, K.; Venkatesan, M.
Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.020405

On the relationship of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and stoichiometry in epitaxial L10 CoPt (001) and FePt (001) thin films
journal, August 2005

Barmak, K.; Kim, J.; Lewis, L. H.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 98, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1063/1.1991968

Tailoring magnetism of multifunctional Mn _x Ga films with giant perpendicular anisotropy
journal, April 2013

Zhu, L. J.; Pan, D.; Nie, S. H.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1063/1.4799344

Strain and composition in SiGe nanoscale islands studied by x-ray scattering
journal, February 2000

Wiebach, Th.; Schmidbauer, M.; Hanke, M.
Physical Review B, Vol. 61, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.5571

Structural properties and large coercivity of bulk Mn ₃₋ _x Ga (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.15)
journal, May 2014

Wei, J. Z.; Wu, R.; Yang, Y. B.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1063/1.4866844

Epitaxial growth of ferromagnetic ultrathin MnGa films with perpendicular magnetization on GaAs
journal, March 1993

Tanaka, M.; Harbison, J. P.; DeBoeck, J.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 62, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1063/1.108642

? Epitaxial Growth and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Ga Thin Films on GaSb(001)
journal, April 2010

Feng, Wuwei; Dung, Dang Duc; Shin, Yooleemi
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 56, Issue 4(2)
DOI: 10.3938/jkps.56.1382

Epitaxial Mn2.5Ga thin films with giant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for spintronic devices
journal, March 2009

Wu, Feng; Mizukami, Shigemi; Watanabe, Daisuke
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1063/1.3108085

Development of high-coercivity phase in thin Mn40Ga60 films
journal, January 1992

Aoki, J.; Morii, K.; Matsui, T.
Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1007/BF00729101

Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Caused by Interfacial Hybridization via Enhanced Orbital Moment in $Co / Pt$ Multilayers: Magnetic Circular X-Ray Dichroism Study
journal, December 1998

Nakajima, N.; Koide, T.; Shidara, T.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5229

The characteristics of strain-modulated surface undulations formed upon epitaxial Si1−xGex alloy layers on Si
journal, October 1992

Cullis, A. G.; Robbins, D. J.; Pidduck, A. J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 123, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(92)90593-8

Electrical transport properties of perpendicular magnetized Mn-Ga epitaxial films
journal, January 2010

Wu, Feng; Sajitha, E. P.; Mizukami, Shigemi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1063/1.3298363

Two-dimensional Mn structure on the GaN growth surface and evidence for room-temperature spin ordering
journal, April 2011

Wang, Kangkang; Takeuchi, Noboru; Chinchore, Abhijit V.
Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.165407

Investigation in the Ga-rich side of the Mn–Ga system: Synthesis and crystal structure of MnGa4 and MnGa5−x (x ∼ 0.15)
journal, October 2012

Tillard, Monique; Belin, Claude
Intermetallics, Vol. 29
DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2012.05.011

Epitaxial growth of MnGa/GaAs layers for diodes with spin injection
journal, October 2014

Dorokhin, M. V.; Pavlov, D. A.; Bobrov, A. I.
Physics of the Solid State, Vol. 56, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1134/S1063783414100102

Enhanced Nucleation and Enrichment of Strained-Alloy Quantum Dots
journal, October 1998

Tersoff, J.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3183

Tunneling magnetoresistance of magnetic tunnel junctions using perpendicular magnetization L10-CoPt electrodes
journal, April 2008

Kim, Gukcheon; Sakuraba, Yuya; Oogane, Mikihiko
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1063/1.2913163

Formation of Mn₂Ga₅ Phase in Amorphous Mn₃₀Ga₇₀ Thin Films
journal, January 1989

Donishi, Koji; Morii, Kenji; Nakayama, Yutaka
Materials Transactions, JIM, Vol. 30, Issue 6
DOI: 10.2320/matertrans1989.30.455

Morphological stability of alloy thin films
journal, October 1996

Guyer, J. E.; Voorhees, P. W.
Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11710

Microstructure and magnetic coercivity in vacuum-deposited Mn35Ga65 thin films
journal, December 1991

Aoki, J.; Morii, K.; Matsui, T.
Materials Science and Engineering: B, Vol. 10, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/0921-5107(91)90108-8

Fityk : a general-purpose peak fitting program
journal, September 2010

Wojdyr, Marcin
Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 43, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1107/S0021889810030499

WSXM : A software for scanning probe microscopy and a tool for nanotechnology
journal, January 2007

Horcas, I.; Fernández, R.; Gómez-Rodríguez, J. M.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 78, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.2432410

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Heteroepitaxial growth and surface structure of L1₀-MnGa(111) ultra-thin films on GaN(0001)

Journal Article Mandru, Andrada-Oana ; Garcia Diaz, Reyes ; Wang, Kangkang ; ... - Applied Physics Letters

L1₀-structured MnGa(111) ultra-thin films were heteroepitaxially grown on GaN(0001) under lightly Mn-rich conditions using molecular beam epitaxy. Room-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigations reveal smooth terraces and angular step edges, with the surface structure consisting primarily of a 2x2 reconstruction along with small patches of 1x2. Theoretical calculations were undertaken using density functional theory, and the simulated STM images were calculated using the Tersoff-Hamann approximation, demonstrating that a stoichiometric 1x2 and a Mn-rich 2x2 surface structure give the best agreement with the observed experimental images.
Cited by 15
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4826203

Full Text Available
Heteroepitaxial growth and surface structure of L1{sub 0}-MnGa(111) ultra-thin films on GaN(0001)

Journal Article Mandru, Andrada-Oana ; Wang, Kangkang ; Cooper, Kevin ; ... - Applied Physics Letters

L1{sub 0}-structured MnGa(111) ultra-thin films were heteroepitaxially grown on GaN(0001) under lightly Mn-rich conditions using molecular beam epitaxy. Room-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigations reveal smooth terraces and angular step edges, with the surface structure consisting primarily of a 2 × 2 reconstruction along with small patches of 1 × 2. Theoretical calculations were carried out using density functional theory, and the simulated STM images were calculated using the Tersoff-Hamman approximation, revealing that a stoichiometric 1 × 2 and a Mn-rich 2 × 2 surface structure give the best agreement with the observed experimental images.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4826203
Surface structures of L1₀-MnGa (001) by scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles theory

Journal Article Corbett, J. P. ; Guerrero-Sanchez, J. ; Richard, A. L. ; ... - Applied Surface Science

We report on the surface reconstructions of L10-ordered MnGa (001) thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a 50 nm Mn₃N₂ (001) layer freshly grown on a magnesium oxide (001) substrate. Scanning tunneling microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and reflection high energy electron diffraction, are combined with first-principles density functional theory calculations to determine the reconstructions of the L1₀-ordered MnGa (001) surface. We find two lowest energy reconstructions of the MnGa(001) face: a 1×1 Ga-terminated structure and a 1×2 structure with a Mn replacing a Ga in the 1×1 Ga-terminated surface. The 1×2 reconstruction forms a row structure along [100].more »« less
Cited by 8
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.030

Full Text Available
Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the MnGa(111)-1 $$\times$$ 2 and 2 $$\times$$ 2 reconstructions: Spin polarized first principles total energy calculations

Journal Article Garcia-Diaz, Reyes ; Cocoletzi, Gregorio H. ; Mandru, Andrada-Oana ; ... - Applied Surface Science

In this work, using first principles total energy calculations within the periodic spin polarized density functional theory, we have investigated the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of manganese gallium (MnGa) alloys. Specifically, we explore the MnGa(111)-1more »« less
Cited by 3
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.04.241

Full Text Available
Dislocation structures, interfacing, and magnetism in the L1₀- MnGa on η_⊥ - Mn₃N₂bilayer

Journal Article Corbett, J. P. ; Guerrero-Sanchez, J. ; Gallagher, J. C. ; ... - Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A

Ferromagnetic L1₀-MnGa was grown by molecular beam epitaxy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions to a 73 ± 5 nm thickness atop of 50 ± 5 nm thick molecular beam epitaxy grown antiferromagnetic η_⊥-Mn₃N₂ on a MgO(001) substrate. The MnGa grew along the c-axis with an out-of-plane spacing of c = 3.71 ± 0.01 Å and a relaxed in-plane spacing of a = 4.00 ± 0.05 °A measured with X-ray diffraction and reflection high-energy electron diffraction respectively. Williamson-Hall analysis revealed 67 ± 17 nm tall columnar grains with a residual stress of 2.40 ± 0.26 (×10^-3). A radial distribution plot of screwmore »« less
Cited by 7
https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5081960

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Structure and magnetism in Ga-rich MnGa/GaN thin films and unexpected giant perpendicular anisotropy in the ultra-thin film limit

Abstract

Citation Formats

Multifunctional L10-Mn1.5Ga Films with Ultrahigh Coercivity, Giant Perpendicular Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy and Large Magnetic Energy Product journal, July 2012

Recent progress in perpendicularly magnetized Mn-based binary alloy films journal, November 2013

Spin-polarized current-induced magnetization reversal in perpendicularly magnetized L10-FePt layers journal, April 2006

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of δ-MnGa journal, March 1998

Large coercivity in nanostructured rare-earth-free Mn x Ga films journal, December 2011

Epitaxial δ -Mn x Ga 1 − x layers on GaN(0001): Structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties journal, September 2011

L10 ordering of off-stoichiometric FePt (001) thin films at reduced temperature journal, April 2003

Two-Dimensional Superdegeneracy and Structure−Magnetism Correlations in Strong Ferromagnet, Mn 2 Ga 5 journal, January 2008

Magnetization and coercivity of Mn3−δGa alloys with a D022-type structure journal, January 1996

The constitution and structure of manganese-gallium alloys journal, June 1965

Structure and Magnetism of MnGa Ultra-Thin Films on GaAs(111)B journal, December 2013

Heteroepitaxial growth and surface structure of L1 0 -MnGa(111) ultra-thin films on GaN(0001) journal, October 2013

Strain and composition distributions in wurtzite InGaN/GaN layers extracted from x-ray reciprocal space mapping journal, May 2002

Structural controlled magnetic anisotropy in Heusler L10−MnGa epitaxial thin films journal, April 2011

Preparation and Crystal Structure of the Pseudo-Decagonal Approximant Mn3Ga5 journal, September 2000

Reconstruction Control of Magnetic Properties during Epitaxial Growth of Ferromagnetic Mn 3 − δ Ga on Wurtzite GaN(0001) journal, October 2006

High spin polarization in epitaxial films of ferrimagnetic Mn 3 Ga journal, January 2011

On the relationship of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and stoichiometry in epitaxial L10 CoPt (001) and FePt (001) thin films journal, August 2005

Tailoring magnetism of multifunctional Mn x Ga films with giant perpendicular anisotropy journal, April 2013

Strain and composition in SiGe nanoscale islands studied by x-ray scattering journal, February 2000

Structural properties and large coercivity of bulk Mn 3− x Ga (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.15) journal, May 2014

Epitaxial growth of ferromagnetic ultrathin MnGa films with perpendicular magnetization on GaAs journal, March 1993

? Epitaxial Growth and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Ga Thin Films on GaSb(001) journal, April 2010

Epitaxial Mn2.5Ga thin films with giant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for spintronic devices journal, March 2009

Development of high-coercivity phase in thin Mn40Ga60 films journal, January 1992

Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Caused by Interfacial Hybridization via Enhanced Orbital Moment in Co / Pt Multilayers: Magnetic Circular X-Ray Dichroism Study journal, December 1998

The characteristics of strain-modulated surface undulations formed upon epitaxial Si1−xGex alloy layers on Si journal, October 1992

Electrical transport properties of perpendicular magnetized Mn-Ga epitaxial films journal, January 2010

Two-dimensional Mn structure on the GaN growth surface and evidence for room-temperature spin ordering journal, April 2011

Investigation in the Ga-rich side of the Mn–Ga system: Synthesis and crystal structure of MnGa4 and MnGa5−x (x ∼ 0.15) journal, October 2012

Epitaxial growth of MnGa/GaAs layers for diodes with spin injection journal, October 2014

Enhanced Nucleation and Enrichment of Strained-Alloy Quantum Dots journal, October 1998

Tunneling magnetoresistance of magnetic tunnel junctions using perpendicular magnetization L10-CoPt electrodes journal, April 2008

Formation of Mn2Ga5 Phase in Amorphous Mn30Ga70 Thin Films journal, January 1989

Morphological stability of alloy thin films journal, October 1996

Microstructure and magnetic coercivity in vacuum-deposited Mn35Ga65 thin films journal, December 1991

Fityk : a general-purpose peak fitting program journal, September 2010

WSXM : A software for scanning probe microscopy and a tool for nanotechnology journal, January 2007

Multifunctional L10-Mn1.5Ga Films with Ultrahigh Coercivity, Giant Perpendicular Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy and Large Magnetic Energy Product
journal, July 2012

Recent progress in perpendicularly magnetized Mn-based binary alloy films
journal, November 2013

Spin-polarized current-induced magnetization reversal in perpendicularly magnetized L10-FePt layers
journal, April 2006

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of δ-MnGa
journal, March 1998

Large coercivity in nanostructured rare-earth-free Mn _x Ga films
journal, December 2011

Epitaxial $δ$ -Mn $_{x}$ Ga $_{1 - x}$ layers on GaN(0001): Structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties
journal, September 2011

L10 ordering of off-stoichiometric FePt (001) thin films at reduced temperature
journal, April 2003

Two-Dimensional Superdegeneracy and Structure−Magnetism Correlations in Strong Ferromagnet, Mn ₂ Ga ₅
journal, January 2008

Magnetization and coercivity of Mn3−δGa alloys with a D022-type structure
journal, January 1996

The constitution and structure of manganese-gallium alloys
journal, June 1965

Structure and Magnetism of MnGa Ultra-Thin Films on GaAs(111)B
journal, December 2013

Heteroepitaxial growth and surface structure of L1 ₀ -MnGa(111) ultra-thin films on GaN(0001)
journal, October 2013

Strain and composition distributions in wurtzite InGaN/GaN layers extracted from x-ray reciprocal space mapping
journal, May 2002

Structural controlled magnetic anisotropy in Heusler L10−MnGa epitaxial thin films
journal, April 2011

Preparation and Crystal Structure of the Pseudo-Decagonal Approximant Mn3Ga5
journal, September 2000

Reconstruction Control of Magnetic Properties during Epitaxial Growth of Ferromagnetic ${Mn}_{3 - δ} Ga$ on Wurtzite GaN(0001)
journal, October 2006

High spin polarization in epitaxial films of ferrimagnetic Mn $_{3}$ Ga
journal, January 2011

On the relationship of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and stoichiometry in epitaxial L10 CoPt (001) and FePt (001) thin films
journal, August 2005

Tailoring magnetism of multifunctional Mn _x Ga films with giant perpendicular anisotropy
journal, April 2013

Strain and composition in SiGe nanoscale islands studied by x-ray scattering
journal, February 2000

Structural properties and large coercivity of bulk Mn ₃₋ _x Ga (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.15)
journal, May 2014

Epitaxial growth of ferromagnetic ultrathin MnGa films with perpendicular magnetization on GaAs
journal, March 1993

? Epitaxial Growth and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Ga Thin Films on GaSb(001)
journal, April 2010

Epitaxial Mn2.5Ga thin films with giant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for spintronic devices
journal, March 2009

Development of high-coercivity phase in thin Mn40Ga60 films
journal, January 1992

Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Caused by Interfacial Hybridization via Enhanced Orbital Moment in $Co / Pt$ Multilayers: Magnetic Circular X-Ray Dichroism Study
journal, December 1998

The characteristics of strain-modulated surface undulations formed upon epitaxial Si1−xGex alloy layers on Si
journal, October 1992

Electrical transport properties of perpendicular magnetized Mn-Ga epitaxial films
journal, January 2010

Two-dimensional Mn structure on the GaN growth surface and evidence for room-temperature spin ordering
journal, April 2011

Investigation in the Ga-rich side of the Mn–Ga system: Synthesis and crystal structure of MnGa4 and MnGa5−x (x ∼ 0.15)
journal, October 2012

Epitaxial growth of MnGa/GaAs layers for diodes with spin injection
journal, October 2014

Enhanced Nucleation and Enrichment of Strained-Alloy Quantum Dots
journal, October 1998

Tunneling magnetoresistance of magnetic tunnel junctions using perpendicular magnetization L10-CoPt electrodes
journal, April 2008

Formation of Mn₂Ga₅ Phase in Amorphous Mn₃₀Ga₇₀ Thin Films
journal, January 1989

Morphological stability of alloy thin films
journal, October 1996

Microstructure and magnetic coercivity in vacuum-deposited Mn35Ga65 thin films
journal, December 1991

Fityk : a general-purpose peak fitting program
journal, September 2010

WSXM : A software for scanning probe microscopy and a tool for nanotechnology
journal, January 2007