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Title: Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods

Abstract

We describe the legacy Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) likelihoods derived from the 2018 data release. The overall approach is similar in spirit to the one retained for the 2013 and 2015 data release, with a hybrid method using different approximations at low ( < 30) and high ( ≥ 30) multipoles, implementing several methodological and data-analysis refinements compared to previous releases. With more realistic simulations, and better correction and modelling of systematic effects, we can now make full use of the CMB polarization observed in the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) channels. The low-multipole EE cross-spectra from the 100 GHz and 143 GHz data give a constraint on the ΛCDM reionization optical-depth parameter τ to better than 15% (in combination with the TT low- data and the high- temperature and polarization data), tightening constraints on all parameters with posterior distributions correlated with τ. We also update the weaker constraint on τ from the joint TEB likelihood using the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) channels, which was used in 2015 as part of our baseline analysis. At higher multipoles, the CMB temperature spectrum and likelihood are very similar to previous releases. A better model of the temperature-to-polarization leakage and corrections for themore » effective calibrations of the polarization channels (i.e., the polarization efficiencies) allow us to make full use of polarization spectra, improving the ΛCDM constraints on the parameters θMC, ωc, ωb, and H0 by more than 30%, and ns by more than 20% compared to TT-only constraints. Extensive tests on the robustness of the modelling of the polarization data demonstrate good consistency, with some residual modelling uncertainties. At high multipoles, we are now limited mainly by the accuracy of the polarization efficiency modelling. Using our various tests, simulations, and comparison between different high-multipole likelihood implementations, we estimate the consistency of the results to be better than the 0.5 σ level on the ΛCDM parameters, as well as classical single-parameter extensions for the joint likelihood (to be compared to the 0.3 σ levels we achieved in 2015 for the temperature data alone on ΛCDM only). Minor curiosities already present in the previous releases remain, such as the differences between the best-fit ΛCDM parameters for the < 800 and > 800 ranges of the power spectrum, or the preference for more smoothing of the power-spectrum peaks than predicted in ΛCDM fits. These are shown to be driven by the temperature power spectrum and are not significantly modified by the inclusion of the polarization data. Overall, the legacy Planck CMB likelihoods provide a robust tool for constraining the cosmological model and represent a reference for future CMB observations.« less

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Contributing Org.:
Planck Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1676388
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 641; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-6361
Publisher:
EDP Sciences
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; cosmological parameters; methods: data analysis

Citation Formats

Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F., Carron, J., Casaponsa, B., Challinor, A., Chiang, H. C., Colombo, L. L., Combet, C., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Di Valentino, E., Diego, J. M., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fantaye, Y., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Finelli, F., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Gerbino, M., Ghosh, T., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Hamann, J., Handley, W., Hansen, F. K., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Huang, Z., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kiiveri, K., Kim, J., Kisner, T. S., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Le Jeune, M., Levrier, F., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Lilley, M., Lindholm, V., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Ma, Y. -Z., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marcos-Caballero, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., McEwen, J. D., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Millea, M., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Moss, A., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Patanchon, G., Peiris, H. V., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Polenta, G., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Ruiz-Granados, B., Salvati, L., Sandri, M., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Shellard, E. S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spencer, L. D., Sunyaev, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Tenti, M., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A. Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936386.
Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F., Carron, J., Casaponsa, B., Challinor, A., Chiang, H. C., Colombo, L. L., Combet, C., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Di Valentino, E., Diego, J. M., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fantaye, Y., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Finelli, F., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Gerbino, M., Ghosh, T., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Hamann, J., Handley, W., Hansen, F. K., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Huang, Z., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kiiveri, K., Kim, J., Kisner, T. S., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Le Jeune, M., Levrier, F., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Lilley, M., Lindholm, V., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Ma, Y. -Z., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marcos-Caballero, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., McEwen, J. D., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Millea, M., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Moss, A., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Patanchon, G., Peiris, H. V., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Polenta, G., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Ruiz-Granados, B., Salvati, L., Sandri, M., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Shellard, E. S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spencer, L. D., Sunyaev, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Tenti, M., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Zacchei, A., & Zonca, A. Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods. United States. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936386
Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F., Carron, J., Casaponsa, B., Challinor, A., Chiang, H. C., Colombo, L. L., Combet, C., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Di Valentino, E., Diego, J. M., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fantaye, Y., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Finelli, F., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Gerbino, M., Ghosh, T., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Hamann, J., Handley, W., Hansen, F. K., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Huang, Z., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kiiveri, K., Kim, J., Kisner, T. S., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Le Jeune, M., Levrier, F., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Lilley, M., Lindholm, V., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Ma, Y. -Z., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marcos-Caballero, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., McEwen, J. D., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Millea, M., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Moss, A., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Patanchon, G., Peiris, H. V., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Polenta, G., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Ruiz-Granados, B., Salvati, L., Sandri, M., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Shellard, E. S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spencer, L. D., Sunyaev, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Tenti, M., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A. Fri . "Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods". United States. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936386. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1676388.
@article{osti_1676388,
title = {Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods},
author = {Aghanim, N. and Akrami, Y. and Ashdown, M. and Aumont, J. and Baccigalupi, C. and Ballardini, M. and Banday, A. J. and Barreiro, R. B. and Bartolo, N. and Basak, S. and Benabed, K. and Bernard, J. -P. and Bersanelli, M. and Bielewicz, P. and Bock, J. J. and Bond, J. R. and Borrill, J. and Bouchet, F. R. and Boulanger, F. and Bucher, M. and Burigana, C. and Butler, R. C. and Calabrese, E. and Cardoso, J. -F. and Carron, J. and Casaponsa, B. and Challinor, A. and Chiang, H. C. and Colombo, L. L. and Combet, C. and Crill, B. P. and Cuttaia, F. and de Bernardis, P. and de Rosa, A. and de Zotti, G. and Delabrouille, J. and Delouis, J. -M. and Di Valentino, E. and Diego, J. M. and Doré, O. and Douspis, M. and Ducout, A. and Dupac, X. and Dusini, S. and Efstathiou, G. and Elsner, F. and Enßlin, T. A. and Eriksen, H. K. and Fantaye, Y. and Fernandez-Cobos, R. and Finelli, F. and Frailis, M. and Fraisse, A. A. and Franceschi, E. and Frolov, A. and Galeotta, S. and Galli, S. and Ganga, K. and Génova-Santos, R. T. and Gerbino, M. and Ghosh, T. and Giraud-Héraud, Y. and González-Nuevo, J. and Górski, K. M. and Gratton, S. and Gruppuso, A. and Gudmundsson, J. E. and Hamann, J. and Handley, W. and Hansen, F. K. and Herranz, D. and Hivon, E. and Huang, Z. and Jaffe, A. H. and Jones, W. C. and Keihänen, E. and Keskitalo, R. and Kiiveri, K. and Kim, J. and Kisner, T. S. and Krachmalnicoff, N. and Kunz, M. and Kurki-Suonio, H. and Lagache, G. and Lamarre, J. -M. and Lasenby, A. and Lattanzi, M. and Lawrence, C. R. and Le Jeune, M. and Levrier, F. and Lewis, A. and Liguori, M. and Lilje, P. B. and Lilley, M. and Lindholm, V. and López-Caniego, M. and Lubin, P. M. and Ma, Y. -Z. and Macías-Pérez, J. F. and Maggio, G. and Maino, D. and Mandolesi, N. and Mangilli, A. and Marcos-Caballero, A. and Maris, M. and Martin, P. G. and Martínez-González, E. and Matarrese, S. and Mauri, N. and McEwen, J. D. and Meinhold, P. R. and Melchiorri, A. and Mennella, A. and Migliaccio, M. and Millea, M. and Miville-Deschênes, M. -A. and Molinari, D. and Moneti, A. and Montier, L. and Morgante, G. and Moss, A. and Natoli, P. and Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U. and Pagano, L. and Paoletti, D. and Partridge, B. and Patanchon, G. and Peiris, H. V. and Perrotta, F. and Pettorino, V. and Piacentini, F. and Polenta, G. and Puget, J. -L. and Rachen, J. P. and Reinecke, M. and Remazeilles, M. and Renzi, A. and Rocha, G. and Rosset, C. and Roudier, G. and Rubiño-Martín, J. A. and Ruiz-Granados, B. and Salvati, L. and Sandri, M. and Savelainen, M. and Scott, D. and Shellard, E. S. and Sirignano, C. and Sirri, G. and Spencer, L. D. and Sunyaev, R. and Suur-Uski, A. -S. and Tauber, J. A. and Tavagnacco, D. and Tenti, M. and Toffolatti, L. and Tomasi, M. and Trombetti, T. and Valiviita, J. and Van Tent, B. and Vielva, P. and Villa, F. and Vittorio, N. and Wandelt, B. D. and Wehus, I. K. and Zacchei, A. and Zonca, A.},
abstractNote = {We describe the legacy Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) likelihoods derived from the 2018 data release. The overall approach is similar in spirit to the one retained for the 2013 and 2015 data release, with a hybrid method using different approximations at low (ℓ < 30) and high (ℓ ≥ 30) multipoles, implementing several methodological and data-analysis refinements compared to previous releases. With more realistic simulations, and better correction and modelling of systematic effects, we can now make full use of the CMB polarization observed in the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) channels. The low-multipole EE cross-spectra from the 100 GHz and 143 GHz data give a constraint on the ΛCDM reionization optical-depth parameter τ to better than 15% (in combination with the TT low-ℓ data and the high-ℓ temperature and polarization data), tightening constraints on all parameters with posterior distributions correlated with τ. We also update the weaker constraint on τ from the joint TEB likelihood using the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) channels, which was used in 2015 as part of our baseline analysis. At higher multipoles, the CMB temperature spectrum and likelihood are very similar to previous releases. A better model of the temperature-to-polarization leakage and corrections for the effective calibrations of the polarization channels (i.e., the polarization efficiencies) allow us to make full use of polarization spectra, improving the ΛCDM constraints on the parameters θMC, ωc, ωb, and H0 by more than 30%, and ns by more than 20% compared to TT-only constraints. Extensive tests on the robustness of the modelling of the polarization data demonstrate good consistency, with some residual modelling uncertainties. At high multipoles, we are now limited mainly by the accuracy of the polarization efficiency modelling. Using our various tests, simulations, and comparison between different high-multipole likelihood implementations, we estimate the consistency of the results to be better than the 0.5 σ level on the ΛCDM parameters, as well as classical single-parameter extensions for the joint likelihood (to be compared to the 0.3 σ levels we achieved in 2015 for the temperature data alone on ΛCDM only). Minor curiosities already present in the previous releases remain, such as the differences between the best-fit ΛCDM parameters for the ℓ < 800 and ℓ > 800 ranges of the power spectrum, or the preference for more smoothing of the power-spectrum peaks than predicted in ΛCDM fits. These are shown to be driven by the temperature power spectrum and are not significantly modified by the inclusion of the polarization data. Overall, the legacy Planck CMB likelihoods provide a robust tool for constraining the cosmological model and represent a reference for future CMB observations.},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201936386},
journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics},
number = ,
volume = 641,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Fri Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

Journal Article:
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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1 Fig. 1: Top: Commander 2018 low-$ℓ$ temperature map masked with the Commander 2018 mask. Middle and bottom: differences between the Commander 2018 map and the Commander 2015 map (middle) and the SMICA-dedicated low-$ℓ$ map (bottom).

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journal, February 2016


Three‐Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Observations: Implications for Cosmology
journal, June 2007

  • Spergel, D. N.; Bean, R.; Dore, O.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 170, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/513700

Planck intermediate results : XLI. A map of lensing-induced
journal, December 2016


Planck 2013 results. XXX. Cosmic infrared background measurements and implications for star formation
journal, October 2014


Fast Spherical Harmonic Analysis: A Quick Algorithm for Generating and/or InvertingFull-Sky, High-Resolution Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Maps
journal, October 1997

  • Muciaccia, P. F.; Natoli, P.; Vittorio, N.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 488, Issue 2
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Compensated isocurvature perturbations and the cosmic microwave background
journal, December 2011


SRoll2: an improved mapmaking approach to reduce large-scale systematic effects in the Planck High Frequency Instrument legacy maps
journal, September 2019


WMAP 7 year constraints on CPT violation from large angle CMB anisotropies
journal, February 2012


Cosmic Microwave Background Likelihood Approximation by a Gaussianized Blackwell-Rao Estimator
journal, February 2009


Planck 2013 results. VII. HFI time response and beams
journal, October 2014


A simple empirically motivated template for the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect
journal, May 2012


Planck 2015 results : VIII. High Frequency Instrument data processing: Calibration and maps
journal, September 2016


Residual noise covariance for Planck low-resolution data analysis
journal, November 2010


Planck 2015 results : XV. Gravitational lensing
journal, September 2016


Templates for the Sunyaev-Zel’Dovich Angular Power Spectrum
journal, January 2011


Likelihood analysis of CMB temperature and polarization power spectra
journal, May 2008


All-sky analysis of polarization in the microwave background
journal, February 1997


Hybrid estimation of cosmic microwave background polarization power spectra
journal, July 2006


MASTER of the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Power Spectrum: A Fast Method for Statistical Analysis of Large and Complex Cosmic Microwave Background Data Sets
journal, March 2002

  • Hivon, Eric; Gorski, Krzysztof M.; Netterfield, C. Barth
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 567, Issue 1
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Planck 2018 results: III. High Frequency Instrument data processing and frequency maps
journal, September 2020


Planck 2018 results: IX. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity
journal, September 2020


CMB Polarization can constrain cosmology better than CMB temperature
text, January 2014


Planck 2015 results : IX. Diffuse component separation: CMB maps
journal, September 2016


Planck 2018 results: XI. Polarized dust foregrounds
journal, September 2020


Reionization optical depth determination from Planck HFI data with ten percent accuracy
journal, March 2020


Statistics of cosmic microwave background polarization
journal, June 1997

  • Kamionkowski, Marc; Kosowsky, Arthur; Stebbins, Albert
  • Physical Review D, Vol. 55, Issue 12
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Re-evaluating evidence for Hawking points in the CMB
journal, March 2020


The flickering nuclear activity of Fornax A
journal, January 2020


CMB foreground measurements through broad-band radio spectro-polarimetry: prospects of the SKA-MPG telescope
journal, June 2019

  • Basu, Aritra; Schwarz, Dominik J.; Klöckner, Hans-Rainer
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1637

Local Bubble contribution to the 353-GHz dust polarized emission
journal, November 2019


A physical approach to modelling large-scale galactic magnetic fields
journal, March 2019


Extreme starlight polarization in a region with highly polarized dust emission
journal, April 2019


Reionization optical depth determination from Planck HFI data with ten percent accuracy
journal, March 2020


Gas shells and magnetic fields in the Orion-Eridanus superbubble
journal, October 2019


Link between EB polarization modes and gas column density from interstellar dust emission
journal, November 2019


Statistics of non-polarized points in the CMB polarization maps
text, January 2020


Figures / Tables found in this record:

    Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.