Study of Quasielastic Barrier Distributions as a Step towards the Synthesis of Superheavy Elements with Hot Fusion Reactions

Tanaka, T.; Morita, K.; Morimoto, K.; Kaji, D.; Haba, H.; Boll, R.  A.; Brewer, N.  T.; Van Cleve, S.; Dean, D.  J.; Ishizawa, S.; Ito, Y.; Komori, Y.; Nishio, K.; Niwase, T.; Rasco, B.  C.; Roberto, J.  B.; Rykaczewski, K.  P.; Sakai, H.; Stracener, D.  W.; Hagino, K.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.052502

Title: Study of Quasielastic Barrier Distributions as a Step towards the Synthesis of Superheavy Elements with Hot Fusion Reactions

Abstract

The excitation functions for quasielastic scattering of ${}_{22}{Ne} + {}_{248}{Cm}$ , ${}_{26}{Mg} + {}_{248}{Cm}$ , and ${}_{48}{Ca} + {}_{238}U$ are measured using a gas-filled recoil ion separator. The quasielastic barrier distributions are extracted for these systems and are compared with coupled-channel calculations. The results indicate that the barrier distribution is affected dominantly by deformation of the actinide target nuclei, but also by vibrational or rotational excitations of the projectile nuclei, as well as neutron transfer processes before capture. From a comparison between the experimental barrier distributions and the evaporation residue cross sections for Sg ( $Z = 106$ ), Hs (108), Cn (112), and Lv (116), it is suggested that the hot fusion reactions take advantage of a compact collision, where the projectile approaches along the short axis of a prolately deformed nucleus. Overall, a new method is proposed to estimate the optimum incident energy to synthesize unknown superheavy nuclei using the barrier distribution.

Authors:

^[1]; Morita, K. ^[2]; Morimoto, K. ^[3]; Kaji, D. ^[3]; Haba, H. ^[3];

^[4];

^[4]; Ishizawa, S. ^[5]; Ito, Y. ^[6]; Komori, Y. ^[3]; Nishio, K. ^[7]; Niwase, T. ^[2];

^[4];

^[3];

^[4]; Hagino, K. ^[8]

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Saitama (Japan); Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka (Japan); Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Saitama (Japan); Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka (Japan)
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Saitama (Japan)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Saitama (Japan); Yamagata Univ. (Japan)
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Saitama (Japan); Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai (Japan). Advanced Science Research Center
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai (Japan). Advanced Science Research Center
Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan); Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Research Center for Electron Photon Science; Kyoto Univ. (Japan)

Publication Date:: Wed Feb 05 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan

OSTI Identifier:: 1669769

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; 19002005

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 124; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; Low & intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions; nuclear fusion; nuclear reactions

Citation Formats


                    Tanaka, T., Morita, K., Morimoto, K., Kaji, D., Haba, H., Boll, R.  A., Brewer, N.  T., Van Cleve, S., Dean, D.  J., Ishizawa, S., Ito, Y., Komori, Y., Nishio, K., Niwase, T., Rasco, B.  C., Roberto, J.  B., Rykaczewski, K.  P., Sakai, H., Stracener, D.  W., and Hagino, K. Study of Quasielastic Barrier Distributions as a Step towards the Synthesis of Superheavy Elements with Hot Fusion Reactions.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.052502.

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                    Tanaka, T., Morita, K., Morimoto, K., Kaji, D., Haba, H., Boll, R.  A., Brewer, N.  T., Van Cleve, S., Dean, D.  J., Ishizawa, S., Ito, Y., Komori, Y., Nishio, K., Niwase, T., Rasco, B.  C., Roberto, J.  B., Rykaczewski, K.  P., Sakai, H., Stracener, D.  W., & Hagino, K. Study of Quasielastic Barrier Distributions as a Step towards the Synthesis of Superheavy Elements with Hot Fusion Reactions.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.124.052502

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                    Tanaka, T., Morita, K., Morimoto, K., Kaji, D., Haba, H., Boll, R.  A., Brewer, N.  T., Van Cleve, S., Dean, D.  J., Ishizawa, S., Ito, Y., Komori, Y., Nishio, K., Niwase, T., Rasco, B.  C., Roberto, J.  B., Rykaczewski, K.  P., Sakai, H., Stracener, D.  W., and Hagino, K. Wed .  
"Study of Quasielastic Barrier Distributions as a Step towards the Synthesis of Superheavy Elements with Hot Fusion Reactions".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.124.052502.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1669769.

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@article{osti_1669769,

  title        = {Study of Quasielastic Barrier Distributions as a Step towards the Synthesis of Superheavy Elements with Hot Fusion Reactions},

  author       = {Tanaka, T. and Morita, K. and Morimoto, K. and Kaji, D. and Haba, H. and Boll, R.  A. and Brewer, N.  T. and Van Cleve, S. and Dean, D.  J. and Ishizawa, S. and Ito, Y. and Komori, Y. and Nishio, K. and Niwase, T. and Rasco, B.  C. and Roberto, J.  B. and Rykaczewski, K.  P. and Sakai, H. and Stracener, D.  W. and Hagino, K.},

  abstractNote = {The excitation functions for quasielastic scattering of Ne22+Cm248, Mg26+Cm248, and Ca48+U238 are measured using a gas-filled recoil ion separator. The quasielastic barrier distributions are extracted for these systems and are compared with coupled-channel calculations. The results indicate that the barrier distribution is affected dominantly by deformation of the actinide target nuclei, but also by vibrational or rotational excitations of the projectile nuclei, as well as neutron transfer processes before capture. From a comparison between the experimental barrier distributions and the evaporation residue cross sections for Sg (Z=106), Hs (108), Cn (112), and Lv (116), it is suggested that the hot fusion reactions take advantage of a compact collision, where the projectile approaches along the short axis of a prolately deformed nucleus. Overall, a new method is proposed to estimate the optimum incident energy to synthesize unknown superheavy nuclei using the barrier distribution.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevlett.124.052502},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 124,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Feb 05 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Wed Feb 05 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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Title: Study of Quasielastic Barrier Distributions as a Step towards the Synthesis of Superheavy Elements with Hot Fusion Reactions

Abstract

Citation Formats

Production of multi-charged ions in the RIKEN 18 GHz ECRIS journal, November 2004

Discovery of Enhanced Nuclear Stability near the Deformed Shells N = 162 and Z = 108 journal, August 1994

Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the Cf 249 and Cm 245 + Ca 48 fusion reactions journal, October 2006

A program for coupled-channel calculations with all order couplings for heavy-ion fusion reactions journal, December 1999

Shell structure of superheavy nuclei in self-consistent mean-field models text, January 1999

Production cross sections of superheavy elements Z = 119 and 120 in hot fusion reactions journal, February 2014

Decay properties of 265 Sg ( Z = 106 ) and 266 Sg ( Z = 106 ) journal, April 1998

A program for coupled-channels calculations with all order couplings for heavy-ion fusion reactions text, January 1999

Barrier distribution for a ‘superheavy’ nucleus–nucleus collision journal, July 2007

Fusion of deformed nuclei in the reactions of 76 Ge + 150 Nd and 28 Si + 198 Pt at the Coulomb barrier region journal, May 2000

Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number Z = 117 journal, April 2010

Synthesis and decay process of superheavy nuclei with Z=119-122 via hot-fusion reactions journal, September 2016

Recent developments in heavy-ion fusion reactions journal, March 2014

Strength of deep-inelastic scattering for 58Ni+124Sn at sub-barrier energies journal, October 1987

Closed shells for Z > 82 and N > 126 in a diffuse potential well journal, September 1966

Determination of Fusion Barrier Distributions from Quasielastic Scattering Cross Sections towards Superheavy Nuclei Synthesis journal, January 2018

Production of 265 Sg in the 248 Cm( 22 Ne,5 n ) 265 Sg reaction and decay properties of two isomeric states in 265 Sg journal, February 2012

The reaction 48Ca + 248Cm → 296116* studied at the GSI-SHIP journal, May 2012

How elements up to 118 were reached and how to go beyond journal, January 2017

Nuclear ground-state masses and deformations: FRDM(2012) journal, May 2016

On the stability of superheavy nuclei against fission journal, June 1969

Physico-chemical characterization of seaborgium as oxide hydroxide journal, January 2001

Fusion-Fission versus Quasifission: Effect of Nuclear Orientation journal, February 1995

Synthesis of superheavy nuclei: A search for new production reactions journal, September 2008

Estimating fission-barrier height by the spherical-basis method journal, November 2014

Quantum Tunneling in Nuclear Fusion text, January 1997

Observation of the 3 n Evaporation Channel in the Complete Hot-Fusion Reaction Mg 26 + Cm 248 Leading to the New Superheavy Nuclide Hs 271 journal, April 2008

Status and perspectives of the Dubna superheavy element factory journal, January 2016

Reduced electric-octupole transition probabilities, B(E3;01+ → 31−), for even-even nuclides throughout the periodic table journal, May 1989

On the search for elements beyond Z =118. An outlook based on lessons from the heaviest known elements journal, January 2016

Production and decay of the isotope 271 Ds (Z = 110) journal, August 2004

Measurements of cross sections and decay properties of the isotopes of elements 112, 114, and 116 produced in the fusion reactions U 233 , 238 , Pu 242 , and Cm 248 + Ca 48 journal, December 2004

Quantum tunneling in nuclear fusion journal, January 1998

Large-angle scattering and quasielastic barrier distributions journal, May 2004

The reaction 48Ca + 238U → 286112* studied at the GSI-SHIP journal, June 2007

Experiments on the synthesis of element 115 in the reaction Am 243 ( Ca 48 , x n ) 115 291 − x journal, February 2004

Subbarrier fusion reactions and many-particle quantum tunneling text, January 2012

Time-dependent Hartree-Fock plus Langevin approach for hot fusion reactions to synthesize the Z = 120 superheavy element journal, May 2019

Estimation for Synthesis of Superheavy Elements conference, December 2018

Variable frequency heavy-ion linac, RILAC journal, November 1984

Isotopic dependence of fusion cross sections in reactions with heavy nuclei text, January 1999

Subbarrier Fusion Reactions and Many-Particle Quantum Tunneling journal, December 2012

Probing fusion barrier distributions with quasi-elastic scattering journal, February 1995

Measurements of cross sections for the fusion-evaporation reactions Pu 244 ( Ca 48 , x n ) 292 − x 114 and Cm 245 ( Ca 48 , x n ) 293 − x 116 journal, May 2004

Estimates of production and structure of nuclei with Z= 119 journal, February 2018

Barrier Distributions Derived from Quasielastic Backscattering of Ti 48 , Cr 54 , Fe 56 , Ni 64 , and Zn 70 Projectiles on a Pb 208 Target journal, November 2007

Measuring Barriers to Fusion journal, December 1998

Hot fusion reactions with deformed nuclei for synthesis of superheavy nuclei: An extension of the fusion-by-diffusion model journal, July 2018

On the “distribution of barriers” interpretation of heavy-ion fusion journal, January 1991

Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120 journal, June 2016

Nuclear masses and deformations journal, June 1966

Barrier distributions from the fusion of oxygen ions with Sm 1 4 4 , 1 4 8 , 1 5 4 and W 186 journal, December 1995

Severe Inhibition of Fusion by Quasifission in Reactions Forming T 220 h journal, December 2002

Isotopic dependence of fusion cross sections in reactions with heavy nuclei journal, September 2000

Fission and quasifission toward the superheavy mass region journal, August 2019

Fission and Quasifission Toward the Superheavy Mass Region conference, December 2019

Shell structure of superheavy nuclei in self-consistent mean-field models journal, August 1999

Transition Probability from the Ground to the First-Excited 2+ State of Even–Even Nuclides journal, May 2001

RIKEN isotope separator on-line GARIS/IGISOL journal, August 1992

Note: Effect of hot liner in producing 40,48 Ca beam from RIKEN 18-GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source journal, January 2015

Inverse quasifission in the reactions Gd 156 , 160 + W 186 journal, December 2017

Production of multi-charged ions in the RIKEN 18 GHz ECRIS
journal, November 2004

Discovery of Enhanced Nuclear Stability near the Deformed Shells $N = 162$ and $Z = 108$
journal, August 1994

Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the ${}^{249}{Cf}$ and ${}^{245}{Cm} + {}^{48}{Ca}$ fusion reactions
journal, October 2006

A program for coupled-channel calculations with all order couplings for heavy-ion fusion reactions
journal, December 1999

Shell structure of superheavy nuclei in self-consistent mean-field models
text, January 1999

Production cross sections of superheavy elements $Z = 119$ and 120 in hot fusion reactions
journal, February 2014

Decay properties of $^{265} Sg (Z = 106)$ and $^{266} Sg (Z = 106)$
journal, April 1998

A program for coupled-channels calculations with all order couplings for heavy-ion fusion reactions
text, January 1999

Barrier distribution for a ‘superheavy’ nucleus–nucleus collision
journal, July 2007

Fusion of deformed nuclei in the reactions of $^{76} Ge +^{150} Nd$ and $^{28} Si +^{198} Pt$ at the Coulomb barrier region
journal, May 2000

Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number $Z = 117$
journal, April 2010

Synthesis and decay process of superheavy nuclei with Z=119-122 via hot-fusion reactions
journal, September 2016

Recent developments in heavy-ion fusion reactions
journal, March 2014

Strength of deep-inelastic scattering for 58Ni+124Sn at sub-barrier energies
journal, October 1987

Closed shells for Z > 82 and N > 126 in a diffuse potential well
journal, September 1966

Determination of Fusion Barrier Distributions from Quasielastic Scattering Cross Sections towards Superheavy Nuclei Synthesis
journal, January 2018

Production of $^{265}$ Sg in the $^{248}$ Cm( $^{22}$ Ne,5 $n$ ) $^{265}$ Sg reaction and decay properties of two isomeric states in $^{265}$ Sg
journal, February 2012

The reaction 48Ca + 248Cm → 296116* studied at the GSI-SHIP
journal, May 2012

How elements up to 118 were reached and how to go beyond
journal, January 2017

Nuclear ground-state masses and deformations: FRDM(2012)
journal, May 2016

On the stability of superheavy nuclei against fission
journal, June 1969

Physico-chemical characterization of seaborgium as oxide hydroxide
journal, January 2001

Fusion-Fission versus Quasifission: Effect of Nuclear Orientation
journal, February 1995

Synthesis of superheavy nuclei: A search for new production reactions
journal, September 2008

Estimating fission-barrier height by the spherical-basis method
journal, November 2014

Quantum Tunneling in Nuclear Fusion
text, January 1997

Observation of the $3 n$ Evaporation Channel in the Complete Hot-Fusion Reaction ${}^{26}{Mg} + {}^{248}{Cm}$ Leading to the New Superheavy Nuclide ${}^{271}{Hs}$
journal, April 2008

Status and perspectives of the Dubna superheavy element factory
journal, January 2016

Reduced electric-octupole transition probabilities, B(E3;01+ → 31−), for even-even nuclides throughout the periodic table
journal, May 1989

On the search for elements beyond Z =118. An outlook based on lessons from the heaviest known elements
journal, January 2016

Production and decay of the isotope 271 Ds (Z = 110)
journal, August 2004

Measurements of cross sections and decay properties of the isotopes of elements 112, 114, and 116 produced in the fusion reactions ${}^{233, 238}U$ , ${}^{242}{Pu}$ , and ${}^{248}{Cm} + {}^{48}{Ca}$
journal, December 2004

Quantum tunneling in nuclear fusion
journal, January 1998

Large-angle scattering and quasielastic barrier distributions
journal, May 2004

The reaction 48Ca + 238U → 286112* studied at the GSI-SHIP
journal, June 2007

Experiments on the synthesis of element 115 in the reaction ${}^{243}{Am} ({}^{48}{Ca}, x n) {}^{291 - x}115$
journal, February 2004

Subbarrier fusion reactions and many-particle quantum tunneling
text, January 2012

Time-dependent Hartree-Fock plus Langevin approach for hot fusion reactions to synthesize the $Z = 120$ superheavy element
journal, May 2019

Estimation for Synthesis of Superheavy Elements
conference, December 2018

Variable frequency heavy-ion linac, RILAC
journal, November 1984

Isotopic dependence of fusion cross sections in reactions with heavy nuclei
text, January 1999

Subbarrier Fusion Reactions and Many-Particle Quantum Tunneling
journal, December 2012

Probing fusion barrier distributions with quasi-elastic scattering
journal, February 1995

Measurements of cross sections for the fusion-evaporation reactions ${}^{244}{Pu} {({}^{48}{Ca}, x n)}^{292 - x} 114$ and ${}^{245}{Cm} {({}^{48}{Ca}, x n)}^{293 - x} 116$
journal, May 2004

Estimates of production and structure of nuclei with Z= 119
journal, February 2018

Barrier Distributions Derived from Quasielastic Backscattering of ${}^{48}{Ti}$ , ${}^{54}{Cr}$ , ${}^{56}{Fe}$ , ${}^{64}{Ni}$ , and ${}^{70}{Zn}$ Projectiles on a ${}^{208}{Pb}$ Target
journal, November 2007

Measuring Barriers to Fusion
journal, December 1998

Hot fusion reactions with deformed nuclei for synthesis of superheavy nuclei: An extension of the fusion-by-diffusion model
journal, July 2018

On the “distribution of barriers” interpretation of heavy-ion fusion
journal, January 1991

Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120
journal, June 2016

Nuclear masses and deformations
journal, June 1966

Barrier distributions from the fusion of oxygen ions with ${}^{144, 148, 154}{Sm}$ and ${}^{186}W$
journal, December 1995

Severe Inhibition of Fusion by Quasifission in Reactions Forming ${}^{220}T h$
journal, December 2002

Isotopic dependence of fusion cross sections in reactions with heavy nuclei
journal, September 2000

Fission and quasifission toward the superheavy mass region
journal, August 2019

Fission and Quasifission Toward the Superheavy Mass Region
conference, December 2019

Shell structure of superheavy nuclei in self-consistent mean-field models
journal, August 1999

Transition Probability from the Ground to the First-Excited 2+ State of Even–Even Nuclides
journal, May 2001

RIKEN isotope separator on-line GARIS/IGISOL
journal, August 1992

Note: Effect of hot liner in producing ^40,48 Ca beam from RIKEN 18-GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source
journal, January 2015

Inverse quasifission in the reactions ${}^{156, 160}{Gd} + {}^{186}W$
journal, December 2017