Evidence for Cosmic Acceleration Is Robust to Observed Correlations between Type Ia Supernova Luminosity and Stellar Age
Abstract
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are powerful standardizable candles for constraining cosmological models and provided the first evidence of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Their precision derives from empirical correlations, now measured from >1000 SNe Ia, between their luminosities, light-curve shapes, colors, and most recently with the stellar mass of their host galaxy. As mass correlates with other galaxy properties, alternative parameters have been investigated to improve SN Ia standardization though none have been shown to significantly alter the determination of cosmological parameters. We re-examine a recent claim, based on 34 SN Ia in nearby passive host galaxies, of a 0.05 mag Gyr-1 dependence of standardized SN Ia luminosity on host age, which, if extrapolated to higher redshifts, would be a bias up to 0.25 mag, challenging the inference of dark energy. We reanalyze this sample of hosts using both the original method and a Bayesian hierarchical model and find after a fuller accounting of the uncertainties the significance of a dependence on age to be ≤2σ and ~1σ after the removal of a single poorly sampled SN Ia. Here, to test the claim that a trend seen in old stellar populations can be applied to younger ages, wemore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[1];
[4];
[1];
[5];
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- University of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (United States)
- Duke University, Durham, NC (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1647614
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; SC0010007; NNG16PJ311I; NNG17PX03C
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online); Journal Volume: 896; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; dark energy; distance scale; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (SN2003ic)
Citation Formats
Rose, B. M., Rubin, D., Cikota, A., Deustua, S. E., Dixon, S., Fruchter, A., Jones, D. O., Riess, A. G., and Scolnic, D. M. Evidence for Cosmic Acceleration Is Robust to Observed Correlations between Type Ia Supernova Luminosity and Stellar Age. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab94ad.
Rose, B. M., Rubin, D., Cikota, A., Deustua, S. E., Dixon, S., Fruchter, A., Jones, D. O., Riess, A. G., & Scolnic, D. M. Evidence for Cosmic Acceleration Is Robust to Observed Correlations between Type Ia Supernova Luminosity and Stellar Age. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab94ad
Rose, B. M., Rubin, D., Cikota, A., Deustua, S. E., Dixon, S., Fruchter, A., Jones, D. O., Riess, A. G., and Scolnic, D. M. Mon .
"Evidence for Cosmic Acceleration Is Robust to Observed Correlations between Type Ia Supernova Luminosity and Stellar Age". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab94ad. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1647614.
@article{osti_1647614,
title = {Evidence for Cosmic Acceleration Is Robust to Observed Correlations between Type Ia Supernova Luminosity and Stellar Age},
author = {Rose, B. M. and Rubin, D. and Cikota, A. and Deustua, S. E. and Dixon, S. and Fruchter, A. and Jones, D. O. and Riess, A. G. and Scolnic, D. M.},
abstractNote = {Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are powerful standardizable candles for constraining cosmological models and provided the first evidence of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Their precision derives from empirical correlations, now measured from >1000 SNe Ia, between their luminosities, light-curve shapes, colors, and most recently with the stellar mass of their host galaxy. As mass correlates with other galaxy properties, alternative parameters have been investigated to improve SN Ia standardization though none have been shown to significantly alter the determination of cosmological parameters. We re-examine a recent claim, based on 34 SN Ia in nearby passive host galaxies, of a 0.05 mag Gyr-1 dependence of standardized SN Ia luminosity on host age, which, if extrapolated to higher redshifts, would be a bias up to 0.25 mag, challenging the inference of dark energy. We reanalyze this sample of hosts using both the original method and a Bayesian hierarchical model and find after a fuller accounting of the uncertainties the significance of a dependence on age to be ≤2σ and ~1σ after the removal of a single poorly sampled SN Ia. Here, to test the claim that a trend seen in old stellar populations can be applied to younger ages, we extend our analysis to a larger sample that includes young hosts. We find the residual dependence of host age (after all standardization typically employed for cosmological measurements) to be consistent with zero for 254 SNe Ia from the Pantheon sample, ruling out the large but low significance trend seen in passive hosts.},
doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/ab94ad},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 896,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Mon Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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