Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $$\mathrm{Cs}$$2$$\mathrm{HfCl}$$6 single crystal scintillators
Abstract
Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) is a promising high density, high-Z, non-hygroscopic, and high energy resolution scintillator. In CHC, many crystals have CsCl inclusions that form during growth. In this paper, we investigate how material synthesis, growth rate, and thermal gradient affect the formation of CsCl inclusions and their effect on scintillation performance. First, precursor material was made through a methanol synthesis process both with and without hydrochlorination. Next, five crystals were grown using Bridgman method, at growth rates of 1 or 0.5 mm/h, and thermal gradients of 21 °C or 34 °C per millimeter. The best overall performance was observed in a 22 mm diameter crystal produced using hydrochlorination which was grown at 1 mm/h in a thermal gradient of 34 °C per millimeter. It had a light yield of 36,000 photons/MeV and an energy resolution of 4.0% at 662 keV. Finally, we have also shown that poorer scintillation performance in the lower quality crystals is most likely due to reduced light collection caused by a higher concentration of inclusions.
- Authors:
-
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1644318
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1606259; OSTI ID: 1775935
- Grant/Contract Number:
- NA0003180; NA0000979
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Crystal Growth
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 531; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-0248
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; radiation detection; Bridgman technique; cesium hafnium chloride; chloride; scintillator materials; optical materials
Citation Formats
Delzer, C., Zhuravleva, M., Stand, L., Melcher, C., Cherepy, N., Payne, S., Sanner, R., and Hayward, J. P. Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $\mathrm{Cs}$2$\mathrm{HfCl}$6 single crystal scintillators. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336.
Delzer, C., Zhuravleva, M., Stand, L., Melcher, C., Cherepy, N., Payne, S., Sanner, R., & Hayward, J. P. Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $\mathrm{Cs}$2$\mathrm{HfCl}$6 single crystal scintillators. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336
Delzer, C., Zhuravleva, M., Stand, L., Melcher, C., Cherepy, N., Payne, S., Sanner, R., and Hayward, J. P. Mon .
"Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $\mathrm{Cs}$2$\mathrm{HfCl}$6 single crystal scintillators". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1644318.
@article{osti_1644318,
title = {Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $\mathrm{Cs}$2$\mathrm{HfCl}$6 single crystal scintillators},
author = {Delzer, C. and Zhuravleva, M. and Stand, L. and Melcher, C. and Cherepy, N. and Payne, S. and Sanner, R. and Hayward, J. P.},
abstractNote = {Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) is a promising high density, high-Z, non-hygroscopic, and high energy resolution scintillator. In CHC, many crystals have CsCl inclusions that form during growth. In this paper, we investigate how material synthesis, growth rate, and thermal gradient affect the formation of CsCl inclusions and their effect on scintillation performance. First, precursor material was made through a methanol synthesis process both with and without hydrochlorination. Next, five crystals were grown using Bridgman method, at growth rates of 1 or 0.5 mm/h, and thermal gradients of 21 °C or 34 °C per millimeter. The best overall performance was observed in a 22 mm diameter crystal produced using hydrochlorination which was grown at 1 mm/h in a thermal gradient of 34 °C per millimeter. It had a light yield of 36,000 photons/MeV and an energy resolution of 4.0% at 662 keV. Finally, we have also shown that poorer scintillation performance in the lower quality crystals is most likely due to reduced light collection caused by a higher concentration of inclusions.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336},
journal = {Journal of Crystal Growth},
number = C,
volume = 531,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Mon Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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