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Title: Enhanced homology-directed human genome engineering by controlled timing of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery

Abstract

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a robust genome editing technology that works in human cells, animals and plants based on the RNA-programmed DNA cleaving activity of the Cas9 enzyme. Building on previous work (Jinek et al., 2013), we show here that new genetic information can be introduced site-specifically and with high efficiency by homology-directed repair (HDR) of Cas9-induced site-specific double-strand DNA breaks using timed delivery of Cas9-guide RNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Cas9 RNP-mediated HDR in HEK293T, human primary neonatal fibroblast and human embryonic stem cells was increased dramatically relative to experiments in unsynchronized cells, with rates of HDR up to 38% observed in HEK293T cells. Sequencing of on- and potential off-target sites showed that editing occurred with high fidelity, while cell mortality was minimized. This approach provides a simple and highly effective strategy for enhancing site-specific genome engineering in both transformed and primary human cells.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology
  2. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Computational Genomics Resource Laboratory. QB3
  3. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Howard Hughes Medical Inst.; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division
OSTI Identifier:
1628827
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
eLife
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2050-084X
Publisher:
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics

Citation Formats

Lin, Steven, Staahl, Brett T., Alla, Ravi K., and Doudna, Jennifer A. Enhanced homology-directed human genome engineering by controlled timing of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. United States: N. p., 2014. Web. doi:10.7554/elife.04766.
Lin, Steven, Staahl, Brett T., Alla, Ravi K., & Doudna, Jennifer A. Enhanced homology-directed human genome engineering by controlled timing of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. United States. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.04766
Lin, Steven, Staahl, Brett T., Alla, Ravi K., and Doudna, Jennifer A. Mon . "Enhanced homology-directed human genome engineering by controlled timing of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery". United States. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.04766. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1628827.
@article{osti_1628827,
title = {Enhanced homology-directed human genome engineering by controlled timing of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery},
author = {Lin, Steven and Staahl, Brett T. and Alla, Ravi K. and Doudna, Jennifer A.},
abstractNote = {The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a robust genome editing technology that works in human cells, animals and plants based on the RNA-programmed DNA cleaving activity of the Cas9 enzyme. Building on previous work (Jinek et al., 2013), we show here that new genetic information can be introduced site-specifically and with high efficiency by homology-directed repair (HDR) of Cas9-induced site-specific double-strand DNA breaks using timed delivery of Cas9-guide RNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Cas9 RNP-mediated HDR in HEK293T, human primary neonatal fibroblast and human embryonic stem cells was increased dramatically relative to experiments in unsynchronized cells, with rates of HDR up to 38% observed in HEK293T cells. Sequencing of on- and potential off-target sites showed that editing occurred with high fidelity, while cell mortality was minimized. This approach provides a simple and highly effective strategy for enhancing site-specific genome engineering in both transformed and primary human cells.},
doi = {10.7554/elife.04766},
journal = {eLife},
number = ,
volume = 3,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2014},
month = {Mon Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2014}
}

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Targeting repair pathways with small molecules increases precise genome editing in pluripotent stem cells
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CRISPR/Cas9 Technology as an Emerging Tool for Targeting Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
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Single‐nucleotide editing: From principle, optimization to application
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CRISPR-Cas9 interrogation of a putative fetal globin repressor in human erythroid cells
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Establishing a dual knock-out cell line by lentivirus based combined CRISPR/Cas9 and Loxp/Cre system
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Improving the DNA specificity and applicability of base editing through protein engineering and protein delivery
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CRISPR-delivery particles targeting nuclear receptor–interacting protein 1 ( Nrip1 ) in adipose cells to enhance energy expenditure
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Improved Split Fluorescent Proteins for Endogenous Protein Labeling
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Efficient generation of targeted large insertions by microinjection into two-cell-stage mouse embryos
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Editing of the human TRIM5 gene to introduce mutations with the potential to inhibit HIV-1
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Applications of the CRISPR–Cas9 system in cancer biology
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CRISPR–Cas9 genome engineering of primary CD4+ T cells for the interrogation of HIV–host factor interactions
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Neural circuitry of a polycystin-mediated hydrodynamic startle response for predator avoidance
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Development of hRad51–Cas9 nickase fusions that mediate HDR without double-stranded breaks
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The Problem of the Low Rates of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knock-ins in Plants: Approaches and Solutions
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Highly efficient homology-directed repair using Cas9 protein in Ceratitis capitata
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Hypermethylated LTR retrotransposon exhibits enhancer activity
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Systematic gene tagging using CRISPR/Cas9 in human stem cells to illuminate cell organization
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Efficient mouse genome engineering by CRISPR-EZ technology
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Efficient introduction of specific homozygous and heterozygous mutations using CRISPR/Cas9
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Nanoparticle delivery of CRISPR into the brain rescues a mouse model of fragile X syndrome from exaggerated repetitive behaviours
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Functional interrogation of Lynch syndrome‐associated MSH2 missense variants via CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing in human embryonic stem cells
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Precise genome-wide base editing by the CRISPR Nickase system in yeast
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Applications of CRISPR systems in respiratory health: Entering a new ‘red pen’ era in genome editing
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Efficient generation of mice carrying homozygous double-floxp alleles using the Cas9-Avidin/Biotin-donor DNA system
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CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing in human cells occurs via the Fanconi anemia pathway
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Successful CRISPR/Cas9 mediated homologous recombination in a chicken cell line
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BARD1 is necessary for ubiquitylation of nucleosomal histone H2A and for transcriptional regulation of estrogen metabolism genes
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A scalable strategy for high-throughput GFP tagging of endogenous human proteins
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An efficient platform for generating somatic point mutations with germline transmission in the zebrafish by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing
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CRISPR/Cas9 for Cancer Therapy: Hopes and Challenges
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Highly Efficient Mouse Genome Editing by CRISPR Ribonucleoprotein Electroporation of Zygotes
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Targeted Genome Replacement via Homology-directed Repair in Non-dividing Cardiomyocytes
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CRISPR-Cas: Converting A Bacterial Defence Mechanism into A State-of-the-Art Genetic Manipulation Tool
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Profiling of engineering hotspots identifies an allosteric CRISPR-Cas9 switch
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Pharmacological inhibition of DNA-PK stimulates Cas9-mediated genome editing
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Improved split fluorescent proteins for endogenous protein labeling
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Multiple sgRNAs with overlapping sequences enhance CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in efficiency
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Isozygous and selectable marker-free MSTN knockout cloned pigs generated by the combined use of CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/LoxP
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Modeling genetic epilepsies in a dish
journal, May 2019

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Unexpected heterogeneity derived from Cas9 ribonucleoprotein-introduced clonal cells at the HPRT1 locus
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Behavior of homing endonuclease gene drives targeting genes required for viability or female fertility with multiplexed guide RNAs
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Generation of Cas9 transgenic zebrafish and their application in establishing an ERV-deficient animal model
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An anionic, endosome-escaping polymer to potentiate intracellular delivery of cationic peptides, biomacromolecules, and nanoparticles
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p53 inhibits CRISPR–Cas9 engineering in human pluripotent stem cells
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Target DNA mutagenesis-based fluorescence assessment of off-target activity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system
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Collateral damage and CRISPR genome editing
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Genome editing of HBG1 and HBG2 to induce fetal hemoglobin
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CRISPR-mediated live imaging of genome editing and transcription
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Robust CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing of the HUDEP-2 Erythroid Precursor Line Using Plasmids and Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide Donors
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Targeting repair pathways with small molecules increases precise genome editing in pluripotent stem cells
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Improved delivery of Cas9 protein/gRNA complexes using lipofectamine CRISPRMAX
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CRISPR-Cas9 Editing in Maize: Systematic Evaluation of Off-target Activity and Its Relevance in Crop Improvement
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Highly parallel genome variant engineering with CRISPR–Cas9
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Creating and evaluating accurate CRISPR-Cas9 scalpels for genomic surgery
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Generation of deletions and precise point mutations in Dictyostelium discoideum using the CRISPR nickase
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Hypermethylated LTR retrotransposon exhibits enhancer activity
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Detection of unamplified target genes via CRISPR–Cas9 immobilized on a graphene field-effect transistor
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Generation of knock-in primary human T cells using Cas9 ribonucleoproteins
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Translatable gene therapy for lung cancer using Crispr CAS9—an exploratory review
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Improving Gene Editing Outcomes in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells by Temporal Control of DNA Repair: Improving Gene Editing Outcomes in Human HSPCs
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An efficient and scalable pipeline for epitope tagging in mammalian stem cells using Cas9 ribonucleoprotein
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Potential pitfalls of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing
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Yeast genetic interaction screens in the age of CRISPR/Cas
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Editing the genome of hiPSC with CRISPR/Cas9: disease models
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Generation of Cas9 transgenic zebrafish and their application in establishing an ERV-deficient animal model
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An episomal CRISPR/Cas9 system to derive vector-free gene modified mammalian cells
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Harnessing the Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Gene Editing for the Treatment of Retinal Degeneration
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing System in Human Stem Cells: Current Status and Future Prospects
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Uridine Depletion and Chemical Modification Increase Cas9 mRNA Activity and Reduce Immunogenicity without HPLC Purification
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Transient Retrovirus-Based CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Particles for Efficient, Targeted Gene Knockout
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High-Content Analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene-Edited Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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A Cas9 Variant for Efficient Generation of Indel-Free Knockin or Gene-Corrected Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Scarless Genome Editing of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells via Transient Puromycin Selection
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Engineering Protein-Secreting Plasma Cells by Homology-Directed Repair in Primary Human B Cells
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Improved Cell-Penetrating Zinc-Finger Nuclease Proteins for Precision Genome Engineering
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GuideScan software for improved single and paired CRISPR guide RNA design
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Improving the DNA specificity and applicability of base editing through protein engineering and protein delivery
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CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic correction for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
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Applications of genome editing technology in the targeted therapy of human diseases: mechanisms, advances and prospects
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Programmable DNA repair with CRISPRa/i enhanced homology-directed repair efficiency with a single Cas9
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Improved split fluorescent proteins for endogenous protein labeling
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Development of hRad51–Cas9 nickase fusions that mediate HDR without double-stranded breaks
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CRISPR-Cas9 fusion to dominant-negative 53BP1 enhances HDR and inhibits NHEJ specifically at Cas9 target sites
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Small molecules enhance CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed genome editing in primary cells
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Site-specific chromosomal gene insertion: Flp recombinase versus Cas9 nuclease
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CRISPR/Cas9 – An evolving biological tool kit for cancer biology and oncology
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Large genomic fragment deletion and functional gene cassette knock-in via Cas9 protein mediated genome editing in one-cell rodent embryos
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Systematic quantification of HDR and NHEJ reveals effects of locus, nuclease, and cell type on genome-editing
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Isozygous and selectable marker-free MSTN knockout cloned pigs generated by the combined use of CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/LoxP
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CRISPR-Cas9 enables conditional mutagenesis of challenging loci
journal, September 2016

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene manipulation to create single-amino-acid-substituted and floxed mice with a cloning-free method
journal, February 2017

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Editor's cut: DNA cleavage by CRISPR RNA-guided nucleases Cas9 and Cas12a
journal, December 2019

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Quantitative microscopy reveals dynamics and fate of clustered IRE1α
journal, December 2019

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Antibody discovery and engineering by enhanced CRISPR-Cas9 integration of variable gene cassette libraries in mammalian cells
journal, September 2019


Cutting back malaria: CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of Plasmodium
journal, July 2019

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Multiplex genome editing of microorganisms using CRISPR-Cas
journal, April 2019

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In vivoblunt-end cloning through CRISPR/Cas9-facilitated non-homologous end-joining
journal, January 2016

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Nuclear domain ‘knock-in’ screen for the evaluation and identification of small molecule enhancers of CRISPR-based genome editing
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Co-incident insertion enables high efficiency genome engineering in mouse embryonic stem cells
journal, August 2016

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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 with improved proof-reading enhances homology-directed repair
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Highly efficient editing of the β-globin gene in patient-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to treat sickle cell disease
journal, May 2019

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Simultaneous precise editing of multiple genes in human cells
journal, August 2019

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Targeting repair pathways with small molecules increases precise genome editing in pluripotent stem cells
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CRISPR-Cas9 interrogation of a putative fetal globin repressor in human erythroid cells
journal, May 2018

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Increasing the efficiency of CRISPR-Cas9-VQR precise genome editing in rice
journal, August 2017

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Universal intracellular biomolecule delivery with precise dosage control
journal, October 2018


The Impact of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology on Cardiac Research: From Disease Modelling to Therapeutic Approaches
journal, January 2017

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Efficient identification of CRISPR/Cas9-induced insertions/deletions by direct germline screening in zebrafish
journal, March 2016


Resources for the design of CRISPR gene editing experiments
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Efficient precise knockin with a double cut HDR donor after CRISPR/Cas9-mediated double-stranded DNA cleavage
journal, February 2017


Systematic evaluation of CRISPR-Cas systems reveals design principles for genome editing in human cells
journal, May 2018

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Targeted gene knockin in zebrafish using the 28S rDNA-specific non-LTR-retrotransposon R2Ol
journal, May 2019


CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair by ssODNs in zebrafish induces complex mutational patterns resulting from genomic integration of repair-template fragments
journal, October 2018

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Successful CRISPR/Cas9 mediated homologous recombination in a chicken cell line
journal, January 2018


Regulation of Gene Editing Activity Directed by Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides and CRISPR/Cas9 Systems
journal, June 2015


Generation of deletions and precise point mutations in Dictyostelium discoideum using the CRISPR nickase
journal, October 2019


Knock-In Rat Lines with Cre Recombinase at the Dopamine D1 and Adenosine 2a Receptor Loci
journal, August 2019


CRISPR /Cas9‐mediated somatic correction of a novel coagulator factor IX gene mutation ameliorates hemophilia in mouse
journal, March 2016


Gene Editing Preserves Visual Functions in a Mouse Model of Retinal Degeneration
journal, September 2019

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Autologous Stem-Cell-Based Gene Therapy for Inherited Disorders: State of the Art and Perspectives
journal, October 2019

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CRISPR-Cas: Converting A Bacterial Defence Mechanism into A State-of-the-Art Genetic Manipulation Tool
journal, February 2019


Applications of Alternative Nucleases in the Age of CRISPR/Cas9
journal, November 2017

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Genome Editing for Mucopolysaccharidoses
journal, January 2020

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Genome Editing for the Understanding and Treatment of Inherited Cardiomyopathies
journal, January 2020


Chitosan in Non-Viral Gene Delivery: Role of Structure, Characterization Methods, and Insights in Cancer and Rare Diseases Therapies
journal, April 2018

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Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation
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An Overview Of The Crispr-Based Genomic- And Epigenome-Editing System: Function, Applications, And Challenges
journal, January 2019

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Efficient And Versatile Crispr Engineering Of Human Neurons In Culture To Model Neurological Disorders
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Correction: Multiplexed genetic engineering of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and AAV6
journal, November 2018


One-step efficient generation of dual-function conditional knockout and geno-tagging alleles in zebrafish
journal, October 2019