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Title: Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions

Abstract

Olivine is the most abundant and among the weakest phases in Earth's upper mantle, and thus, its rheological properties play a critical role in governing thermal structure and convective flow in the upper mantle. A persistent obstacle to constraining the in situ flow properties of olivine by laboratory experiment has been the difficulty in resolving the effect of pressure, which is weak within the 0- to ~2-GPa pressure range of conventional laboratory deformation instruments but potentially strong over the 1- to ~14-GPa range of the upper mantle. Using a deformation-DIA, one of a new generation of bonafide deformation devices designed for operation to ≥10 GPa, we have deformed dry, polycrystalline San Carlos olivine in high-temperature creep with the singular intent of providing the best achievable measurement of activation volume V* and a comprehensive statement of uncertainty. Under strictly dry conditions, at constant temperature (1,373 K) and strain rate (1 × 10-5 s-1), varying only pressure (1.8 to 8.8 GPa), we measure V* = 15 ± 5 cm3/mol. We have reproduced the well-known mechanism change from [100]-slip to [001]-slip near 5 GPa and determined that, whatever the change in V* associated with the change in slip system, the effective value ofmore » 15 ± 5 cm3/mol is still accurate for modeling purposes in the 2- to 9-GPa pressure range. This is a substantial pressure effect, which in the absence of a temperature gradient would represent a viscosity increase from the top to bottom of the upper mantle of 5 ± 2 orders of magnitude.« less

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
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  1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Apple Inc., Cupertino CA (United States)
  2. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1609770
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1476971
Grant/Contract Number:  
FG02-07ER15839
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9313
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES; Geochemistry & Geophysics; San Carlos olivine; activation volume; D‐DIA deformation‐DIA; high‐temperature creep; synchrotron; stress measurement

Citation Formats

Dixon, Nathaniel A., and Durham, William B. Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1029/2018jb015853.
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Dixon, Nathaniel A., & Durham, William B. Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb015853
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Dixon, Nathaniel A., and Durham, William B. Tue . "Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb015853. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1609770.
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@article{osti_1609770,
title = {Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions},
author = {Dixon, Nathaniel A. and Durham, William B.},
abstractNote = {Olivine is the most abundant and among the weakest phases in Earth's upper mantle, and thus, its rheological properties play a critical role in governing thermal structure and convective flow in the upper mantle. A persistent obstacle to constraining the in situ flow properties of olivine by laboratory experiment has been the difficulty in resolving the effect of pressure, which is weak within the 0- to ~2-GPa pressure range of conventional laboratory deformation instruments but potentially strong over the 1- to ~14-GPa range of the upper mantle. Using a deformation-DIA, one of a new generation of bonafide deformation devices designed for operation to ≥10 GPa, we have deformed dry, polycrystalline San Carlos olivine in high-temperature creep with the singular intent of providing the best achievable measurement of activation volume V* and a comprehensive statement of uncertainty. Under strictly dry conditions, at constant temperature (1,373 K) and strain rate (1 × 10-5 s-1), varying only pressure (1.8 to 8.8 GPa), we measure V* = 15 ± 5 cm3/mol. We have reproduced the well-known mechanism change from [100]-slip to [001]-slip near 5 GPa and determined that, whatever the change in V* associated with the change in slip system, the effective value of 15 ± 5 cm3/mol is still accurate for modeling purposes in the 2- to 9-GPa pressure range. This is a substantial pressure effect, which in the absence of a temperature gradient would represent a viscosity increase from the top to bottom of the upper mantle of 5 ± 2 orders of magnitude.},
doi = {10.1029/2018jb015853},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth},
number = 10,
volume = 123,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Tue Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb015853
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