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Title: Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of a Fermi–Hubbard system

Abstract

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measures the single-particle excitations of a many-body quantum system with energy and momentum resolution, providing detailed information about strongly interacting materials. ARPES directly probes fermion pairing, and hence is a natural technique to study the development of superconductivity in systems ranging from high-temperature superconductors to unitary Fermi gases. In these systems, a remnant gap-like feature persists in the normal state. Developing a quantitative understanding of these so-called pseudogap regimes may elucidate details about the pairing mechanisms that lead to superconductivity, but this is difficult in real materials partly because the microscopic Hamiltonian is not known. Here, we report on the development of ARPES to study strongly interacting fermions in an optical lattice using a quantum gas microscope. We benchmark the technique by measuring the occupied single-particle spectral function of an attractive Fermi–Hubbard system across the BCS–BEC crossover and comparing the results to those of quantum Monte Carlo calculations. We find evidence for a pseudogap that opens well above the expected critical temperature for superfluidity. This technique may also be applied to the doped repulsive Hubbard model, which is expected to exhibit a pseudogap at temperatures close to those achieved in recent experiments.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Dept. of Physics
  2. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Dept. of Physics; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  3. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Geballe Lab. for Advanced Materials; Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1605241
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; DMR-1607277; 2016-65128
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 16; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats

Brown, Peter T., Guardado-Sanchez, Elmer, Spar, Benjamin M., Huang, Edwin W., Devereaux, Thomas P., and Bakr, Waseem S. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of a Fermi–Hubbard system. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0696-0.
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Brown, Peter T., Guardado-Sanchez, Elmer, Spar, Benjamin M., Huang, Edwin W., Devereaux, Thomas P., & Bakr, Waseem S. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of a Fermi–Hubbard system. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0696-0
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Brown, Peter T., Guardado-Sanchez, Elmer, Spar, Benjamin M., Huang, Edwin W., Devereaux, Thomas P., and Bakr, Waseem S. Mon . "Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of a Fermi–Hubbard system". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0696-0. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1605241.
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@article{osti_1605241,
title = {Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of a Fermi–Hubbard system},
author = {Brown, Peter T. and Guardado-Sanchez, Elmer and Spar, Benjamin M. and Huang, Edwin W. and Devereaux, Thomas P. and Bakr, Waseem S.},
abstractNote = {Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measures the single-particle excitations of a many-body quantum system with energy and momentum resolution, providing detailed information about strongly interacting materials. ARPES directly probes fermion pairing, and hence is a natural technique to study the development of superconductivity in systems ranging from high-temperature superconductors to unitary Fermi gases. In these systems, a remnant gap-like feature persists in the normal state. Developing a quantitative understanding of these so-called pseudogap regimes may elucidate details about the pairing mechanisms that lead to superconductivity, but this is difficult in real materials partly because the microscopic Hamiltonian is not known. Here, we report on the development of ARPES to study strongly interacting fermions in an optical lattice using a quantum gas microscope. We benchmark the technique by measuring the occupied single-particle spectral function of an attractive Fermi–Hubbard system across the BCS–BEC crossover and comparing the results to those of quantum Monte Carlo calculations. We find evidence for a pseudogap that opens well above the expected critical temperature for superfluidity. This technique may also be applied to the doped repulsive Hubbard model, which is expected to exhibit a pseudogap at temperatures close to those achieved in recent experiments.},
doi = {10.1038/s41567-019-0696-0},
journal = {Nature Physics},
number = 1,
volume = 16,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Oct 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0696-0
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 21 works
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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1 Fig. 1: ARPES technique and raw data. a, A radiofrequency photon of energy $hv$ is incident on an interacting system with a dispersion (blue) and excites state I↑$\rangle$ atoms to state I$f\rangle$ with a non-interacting final dispersion shown in green (far left). The dispersions are plotted along the high-symmetry linesmore » of the Brillouin zone, with $Γ$= (0, 0), X = ($π$, 0) and M = ($π$, $π$). We perform band mapping to map quasi momentum to momentum (second panel from left) by ramping down the lattice depth adiabatically with respect to the bandgap. The atoms expand for a quarter-period in a harmonic trap (third panel from left). Atoms (green ring) with initial momentum $\hbar$k expand to position r=k/I2 (solid green circle). Finally, we freeze the position of the atoms by ramping up an optical lattice to ~60 E, (rightmost panel). b, The atomic density after the quarter-period expansion for a range of frequencies $v$ at U/t= -7.5(1) and T/t= 0.55(3). From left to right, $h$($v$-$v$0)/t= -10.5, -8.6, -6.6, -3.6 and -1.7. The change in shape versus frequency is characteristic of an interacting system. Each panel is the average of -40 pictures, binned and spatially averaged using the symmetry of the square. Field of view: -40 $μ$m x 40 $μ$m. c, DQMC results for A(k, $e$k - $hv$)F($e$k - $hv$) at U/t=-7.5 and T/t=0.55 for the same values of $v$ shown in b. d, Experimental (points) and DQMC (solid green lines) results for the occupied spectral function, DQMC results for the full spectral function (dashed lines) and the chemical potential (black lines) at several quasimomenta in the Brillouin zone. From left to right, (k$v$, k$γ$) = (0, 0), ($π$/4, 0), ($π$/2, 0) and ($π$, 0). The shift of the spectral weight below the chemical potential is indicative of a pseudogap, which is clearly visible in the full spectral function theory results. The error bars show the s.e.m.« less
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