Nonlinear flow generation by electrostatic turbulence in tokamaks
Abstract
Global gyrokinetic simulations have revealed an important nonlinear flow generation process due to the residual stress produced by electrostatic turbulence of ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes and trapped electron modes (TEMs). In collisionless TEM (CTEM) turbulence, nonlinear residual stress generation by both the fluctuation intensity and the intensity gradient in the presence of broken symmetry in the parallel wavenumber spectrum is identified for the first time. Concerning the origin of the symmetry breaking, turbulence self-generated low frequency zonal flow shear has been identified to be a key, universal mechanism in various turbulence regimes. Simulations reported here also indicate the existence of other mechanisms beyond E × B shear. The ITG turbulence driven “intrinsic” torque associated with residual stress is shown to increase close to linearly with the ion temperature gradient, in qualitative agreement with experimental observations in various devices. In CTEM dominated regimes, a net toroidal rotation is driven in the cocurrent direction by intrinsic torque, consistent with the experimental trend of observed intrinsic rotation. The finding of a “flow pinch” in CTEM turbulence may offer an interesting new insight into the underlying dynamics governing the radial penetration of modulated flows in perturbation experiments. Lastly, simulations also reveal highly distinctmore »
- Authors:
-
- Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States). Physics of Plasmas
- Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1564696
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-09CH11466
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 17; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; Physics
Citation Formats
Wang, W. X., Diamond, P. H., Hahm, T. S., Ethier, S., Rewoldt, G., and Tang, W. M. Nonlinear flow generation by electrostatic turbulence in tokamaks. United States: N. p., 2010.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.3459096.
Wang, W. X., Diamond, P. H., Hahm, T. S., Ethier, S., Rewoldt, G., & Tang, W. M. Nonlinear flow generation by electrostatic turbulence in tokamaks. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3459096
Wang, W. X., Diamond, P. H., Hahm, T. S., Ethier, S., Rewoldt, G., and Tang, W. M. Thu .
"Nonlinear flow generation by electrostatic turbulence in tokamaks". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3459096. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1564696.
@article{osti_1564696,
title = {Nonlinear flow generation by electrostatic turbulence in tokamaks},
author = {Wang, W. X. and Diamond, P. H. and Hahm, T. S. and Ethier, S. and Rewoldt, G. and Tang, W. M.},
abstractNote = {Global gyrokinetic simulations have revealed an important nonlinear flow generation process due to the residual stress produced by electrostatic turbulence of ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes and trapped electron modes (TEMs). In collisionless TEM (CTEM) turbulence, nonlinear residual stress generation by both the fluctuation intensity and the intensity gradient in the presence of broken symmetry in the parallel wavenumber spectrum is identified for the first time. Concerning the origin of the symmetry breaking, turbulence self-generated low frequency zonal flow shear has been identified to be a key, universal mechanism in various turbulence regimes. Simulations reported here also indicate the existence of other mechanisms beyond E × B shear. The ITG turbulence driven “intrinsic” torque associated with residual stress is shown to increase close to linearly with the ion temperature gradient, in qualitative agreement with experimental observations in various devices. In CTEM dominated regimes, a net toroidal rotation is driven in the cocurrent direction by intrinsic torque, consistent with the experimental trend of observed intrinsic rotation. The finding of a “flow pinch” in CTEM turbulence may offer an interesting new insight into the underlying dynamics governing the radial penetration of modulated flows in perturbation experiments. Lastly, simulations also reveal highly distinct phase space structures between CTEM and ITG turbulence driven momentum, energy, and particle fluxes, elucidating the roles of resonant and non-resonant particles.},
doi = {10.1063/1.3459096},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 7,
volume = 17,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2010},
month = {Thu Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2010}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 71 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Neoclassical ion transport in rotating axisymmetric plasmas
journal, January 1985
- Hinton, F. L.; Wong, S. K.
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 28, Issue 10
Observations of anomalous momentum transport in Alcator C-Mod plasmas with no momentum input
journal, February 2004
- Rice, J. E.; Lee, W. D.; Marmar, E. S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 3
Intrinsic rotation in DIII-D
journal, May 2007
- deGrassie, J. S.; Rice, J. E.; Burrell, K. H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 5
Toroidal rotation in RF heated JET plasmas
journal, March 2009
- Eriksson, L-G; Hellsten, T.; Nave, M. F. F.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 4
Momentum and thermal transport in neutral-beam-heated tokamaks
journal, January 1988
- Mattor, N.; Diamond, P. H.
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 31, Issue 5
Local measurements of correlated momentum and heat transport in the TFTR tokamak
journal, January 1990
- Scott, S. D.; Diamond, P. H.; Fonck, R. J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 64, Issue 5
Physics of non-diffusive turbulent transport of momentum and the origins of spontaneous rotation in tokamaks
journal, March 2009
- Diamond, P. H.; McDevitt, C. J.; Gürcan, Ö. D.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 4
A novel mechanism for exciting intrinsic toroidal rotation
journal, May 2009
- McDevitt, C. J.; Diamond, P. H.; Gürcan, Ö. D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 5
Anomalous momentum transport from drift wave turbulence
journal, November 1993
- Dominguez, R. R.; Staebler, G. M.
- Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 11
Intrinsic rotation and electric field shear
journal, April 2007
- Gürcan, Ö. D.; Diamond, P. H.; Hahm, T. S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 4
Transport of parallel momentum by collisionless drift wave turbulence
journal, January 2008
- Diamond, P. H.; McDevitt, C. J.; Gürcan, Ö. D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 1
Toroidal Rotation Driven by the Polarization Drift
journal, November 2009
- McDevitt, C. J.; Diamond, P. H.; Gürcan, Ö. D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 20
Symmetry breaking effects of toroidicity on toroidal momentum transport
journal, May 2009
- Weiland, J.; Singh, R.; Nordman, H.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 6
Transport of Parallel Momentum Induced by Current-Symmetry Breaking in Toroidal Plasmas
journal, March 2009
- Camenen, Y.; Peeters, A. G.; Angioni, C.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 12
Effects of ripple loss of fast ions on toroidal rotation in JT-60U
journal, October 2006
- Yoshida, M.; Koide, Y.; Takenaga, H.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 48, Issue 11
Gyro-kinetic simulation of global turbulent transport properties in tokamak experiments
journal, September 2006
- Wang, W. X.; Lin, Z.; Tang, W. M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 9
Nonlocal neoclassical transport in tokamak and spherical torus experiments
journal, August 2006
- Wang, W. X.; Rewoldt, G.; Tang, W. M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 8
The split-weight particle simulation scheme for plasmas
journal, May 2000
- Manuilskiy, Igor; Lee, W. W.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 5
Electromagnetic kinetic toroidal eigenmodes for general magnetohydrodynamic equilibria
journal, January 1982
- Rewoldt, G.
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 25, Issue 3
Clarifications to the limitations of the s-α equilibrium model for gyrokinetic computations of turbulence
journal, March 2009
- Lapillonne, X.; Brunner, S.; Dannert, T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 3
A δf particle method for gyrokinetic simulations with kinetic electrons and electromagnetic perturbations
journal, August 2003
- Chen, Yang; Parker, Scott E.
- Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 189, Issue 2
Nonlocal properties of gyrokinetic turbulence and the role of E×B flow shear
journal, July 2007
- Wang, W. X.; Hahm, T. S.; Lee, W. W.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 7
Gyrokinetic Studies on Turbulence-Driven and Neoclassical Nondiffusive Toroidal-Momentum Transport and the Effect of Residual Fluctuations in Strong Shear
journal, January 2009
- Wang, W. X.; Hahm, T. S.; Ethier, S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 3
The toroidal momentum diffusivity in a tokamak plasma: A comparison of fluid and kinetic calculations
journal, January 2008
- Strintzi, D.; Peeters, A. G.; Weiland, J.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 4
Turbulence simulations of transport barriers with toroidal velocity
journal, September 2002
- Garbet, X.; Sarazin, Y.; Ghendrih, P.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 9
Anomalous parallel momentum transport due to E×B flow shear in a tokamak plasma
journal, September 2009
- Casson, F. J.; Peeters, A. G.; Camenen, Y.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 9
Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory of toroidal momentum pinch
journal, July 2007
- Hahm, T. S.; Diamond, P. H.; Gurcan, O. D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 7
Transport of parallel momentum by toroidal ion temperature gradient instability near marginality
journal, May 2010
- Yoon, E. S.; Hahm, T. S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 6
Flow shear induced fluctuation suppression in finite aspect ratio shaped tokamak plasma
journal, May 1995
- Hahm, T. S.; Burrell, K. H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 2, Issue 5
Inter-machine comparison of intrinsic toroidal rotation in tokamaks
journal, October 2007
- Rice, J. E.; Ince-Cushman, A.; deGrassie, J. S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 11
Role of Pressure Gradient on Intrinsic Toroidal Rotation in Tokamak Plasmas
journal, March 2008
- Yoshida, M.; Kamada, Y.; Takenaga, H.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 10
Spontaneous toroidal rotation driven by the off-diagonal term of momentum and heat transport in the plasma with the ion internal transport barrier in LHD
journal, May 2010
- Ida, K.; Yoshinuma, M.; Nagaoka, K.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 6
Theory of fine-scale zonal flow generation from trapped electron mode turbulence
journal, August 2009
- Wang, Lu; Hahm, T. S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 8
Momentum transport in electron-dominated NSTX spherical torus plasmas
journal, March 2009
- Kaye, S. M.; Solomon, W.; Bell, R. E.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 4
Works referencing / citing this record:
Summary of magnetic fusion plasma physics in 1st AAPPS-DPP meeting
journal, March 2018
- Li, Jiangang; Zhong, Wulyu
- Reviews of Modern Plasma Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Extended gyrokinetic field theory for time-dependent magnetic confinement fields
journal, January 2014
- Sugama, H.; Watanabe, T. -H.; Nunami, M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 1
Cross-verification of neoclassical transport solutions from XGCa against NEO
journal, October 2019
- Hager, R.; Dominski, J.; Chang, C. S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 10
Predictions on heat transport and plasma rotation from global gyrokinetic simulations
journal, September 2011
- Sarazin, Y.; Grandgirard, V.; Abiteboul, J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 10
Distinct turbulence sources and confinement features in the spherical tokamak plasma regime
journal, October 2015
- Wang, W. X.; Ethier, S.; Ren, Y.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 12
Validation of gyrokinetic simulations of a National Spherical Torus eXperiment H-mode plasma and comparisons with a high- k scattering synthetic diagnostic
journal, October 2019
- Ruiz, J. Ruiz; Guttenfelder, W.; White, A. E.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 11
Recent progress in understanding electron thermal transport in NSTX
journal, March 2017
- Ren, Y.; Belova, E.; Gorelenkov, N.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 7
Study of ion-gyroscale fluctuations in low-density L-mode plasmas heated by NBI on KSTAR
journal, February 2018
- Lee, W.; Ko, S. H.; Leem, J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 4
Global gyrokinetic simulations of intrinsic rotation in ASDEX Upgrade Ohmic L-mode plasmas
journal, March 2018
- Hornsby, W. A.; Angioni, C.; Lu, Z. X.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5
Study of the likelihood of Alfvénic mode bifurcation in NSTX and predictions for ITER baseline scenarios
journal, June 2018
- Duarte, V. N.; Gorelenkov, N. N.; Schneller, M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 8
Characteristics of trapped electron transport, zonal flow staircase, turbulence fluctuation spectra in elongated tokamak plasmas
journal, January 2019
- Qi, Lei; Kwon, Jae-Min; Hahm, T. S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 2
Experimental observation of electron-scale turbulence evolution across the L–H transition in the National Spherical Torus Experiment
journal, August 2019
- Ren, Y.; Smith, D. R.; Zweben, S. J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 9
Hysteresis as a probe of turbulent bifurcation in intrinsic rotation reversals on Alcator C-Mod
journal, August 2019
- Cao, N. M.; Rice, J. E.; Diamond, P. H.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 10
Exploring the regime of validity of global gyrokinetic simulations with spherical tokamak plasmas
journal, December 2019
- Ren, Y.; Wang, W. X.; Guttenfelder, W.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 2
Study of the likelihood of Alfvénic mode bifurcation in NSTX and predictions for ITER baseline scenarios
text, January 2018
- Duarte, Vinicius; Gorelenkov, Nikolai; Schneller, Mirjam
- arXiv